• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.440-444
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• 2010

$SnCl_4$와 침전제로 ammonium nitrate ($NH_4NO_3$)의 수용액들을 사용하여 $90^{\circ}C$에서 침전반응으로 얻은 주석산(stannic acid)을 열처리하여 $SnO_2$ 분말을 제조하였으며, 요소($(NH_2)_2CO$)를 침전제로 사용한 균일침전법으로 주석산을 제조하여 열처리 전후로 재료의 특성을 상호 비교하였다. Ammonium nitrate의 침전법에 의한 주석산은 열처리에 따른 중량감소가 $700^{\circ}C$까지 이루어졌으며, 전체 중량감소는 16.5%였다. 또한 $600^{\circ}C$의 열처리로 비정질 주석산이 완전한 결정질의 $SnO_2$로 상변화가 이루어졌다. 주석산 제조 과정에서 $SnCl_4$ 수용액의 농도 증가 및 열처리 온도 증가에 따라 $SnO_2$의 결정입계가 증가하였다. 요소를 침전제로 사용한 균일침전법은 ammonium nitrate를 침전제로 하는 균일법보다 같은 조건의 열처리 공정 후에 상대적으로 미세한 결정입계의 $SnO_2$를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact that temperature and relative humidity have on the volatilization loss of particulate nitrate $(NO_3^-)$ from Teflon filters during measurements of ambient fine particles $(PM_{2.5})$. Fine particles $(d_p<2.5{\mu}m)$ were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) at four representive areas in Seoul. The measurements were made during 28 different days at 24-hr sampling intervals from February 14 to October 15, 1997. In this study, nitrate losses. calculated by the ratio of nitrate on the nylon filter to their sum in both Teflon and nylon titters, varied seasonally in the following order: summer (45.5%) > spring (23.8%) > fall (20.6%) > winter (19.7%). The results showed strong correlations with temperature, but we did not observe any significant effects of relative humidity. However, we observed that both temperature and relative humidity influenced the ambient gas/particle nitrate ratio in a different case study using a denuder.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

Fine particles (d$_{p}$ < 2.5 $\mu$m) were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) in Chongju. The data set was collected on fifty-eight different days with a 24-hr sampling period from October 27, 1995 through August 25, 1996. Particulate nitrate in the ADS was also measured on teflon and nylon filters in series behind denuders to collect HNO$_3$, HNO$_2$, SO$_2$and NH$_3$. From this study. the mean concentration of particulate nitrate of PM$_{2.5}$ in the ADS were seen with the following order: winter (5.05) ＞fall (4.36) ＞spring (3.92) > summer (1.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). Nitrate losses, which calculated from the ratio of nylon filter nitrate to the sum of teflon and nylon filter nitrates, varied in the following manner summer (72.2%) > spring (42.6%) > fall (23.5%)> winter (0.4%). Especially, gaseous nitric acid was dominant at temperature higher than 8$^{\circ}C$ while particulate nitrate was major species in total nitrate below that temperature. This indicates the particulate nitrate loss is strongly correlated rather with ambient temperature.e.e.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1991

잎상추(Lactuca sativa L.) 저장 중 재배적요인(품종 및 재배시기) 및 저장요인(저온 및 high-density polyethylene film 포장)이 저장수명 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 생체중량 감소, 외관품위, 황화, 클로로필 및 카로티노이드 함량, 비타민 C 및 nitrate 함량을 조사하였다. 생체중량 감소 및 외관품위의 열화는 포장처리에 의해, 그리고 $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ 보다는 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$가 더 억제 되었다. 품종간 비교에서는 "적축면" 보다는 "청치마"에서, 그리고 재배시기별 비교에서는 가을재배 보다는 겨울재배에서 이들의 변화가 다소 지연되었다. 저장 중 잎상추의 황화현상은 카로티노이드 함량변화 보다는 주로 클로로필의 파괴 때문이었다. Vitamin C의 저장 전 함량은 "적축면" 보다는 "청치마"에서, 그리고 가을재배 보다는 겨울재배 시 많은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 저장 중 비타민 C는 저장 초기부터 전처리구에서 급격히 감소하였으나, $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$에 비해 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$에서 감소가 다소 지연되었다. Nitrate의 경우는 저장 전 함량은 "적축면"은 3812.6 ppm을 함유하고 있었고, "청치마"는 2856.6 ppm을 함유하고 있었다. 저장 중 nitrate 함량변화는 $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$에 비해 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$에서 다소 억제되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.767-775
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• 2011

In this study we verified if the electro-coagulation process can treat properly the nitrate and fluoride that are not removed well in the conventional small water treatment plants which usually employ chlorination and filtration only. As we gave a change of electrode material and gap-distance between electrodes, removal efficiency of the nitrate and fluoride was determined by electro-coagulation process which were equipped with aluminum and stainless steel (SUS304) electrodes. In addition, electrode durability was investigated by determination of electrodes mass change during the repetitive experiments. Removal efficiency was great when aluminum was used as an anode material. Nitrate removals increased as electric density and number of electrodes increased, but fluoride removal was less sensitive to both parameters than nitrate. After 10 minutes of contact time with the current density from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $3{\times}10^{-3}A/cm^{2}$, nitrate and fluoride concentration ranged from 9.2 to 1.2mg/L and from 0.02 to 0.01mg/L, which satisfied the regulation limits. Regardless of the repeating number of experiments, removal efficiency of both ions were almost similar and the change of electrode mass ranged within ${\pm}$0.5%, indicating that the loss of the electrode mass is not so much great under the limited circumstances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.211-222
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• 1977

고준위 방사성 폐액의 고화처리 방법들 중 하나인 Vitrification Process의 연구로서 핵연료 재처리 과정에서 유출되는 가상적인 비활성폐액 중에 함유되어 있는 분열 및 부식 생성물들의 질산화물과 유리화시키기 위해 사용되는 첨가제의 열분해에 관하여 연구 조사되었다. 결정수를 갖고 있는 화합물들의 열분해시점은 75$^{\circ}C$이하였지만, 무수화합물들은 비교적 높은 분포를 보였다. 110$0^{\circ}C$까지 가열하여 얻어진 질량손실율을 이론치와 비교하였을 때, 대부분의 화합물은 릴치하거나 근사하였지만, Sodium, Cesium, Lithium, Ruthenium 등의 질산화물의 질량손실율은 이론치 보다 훨씬 높았다. 여기서 얻어진 결과는 고준위 폐액의 가소처리과정 또는 조사된 화합물들의 혼합에 따른 열분해를 분석하는데도 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2005

To find out the optimum mixture ratio of ammonium and nitrate on rice plant, 4 rice varieties were examined during 14days after transplanting in hydroponics with the different ratio of ammonium to nitrate(100 : 0, 75: 25,50: 50, 25: 75 and 0: 100). The highest N uptake from solution and the maximum plant dry weight were $60\~70\%$ ammonium and $30\~40\%$ nitrate mixture treatment both in Japonica and Tongil type rice plants. And with the same varieties N-uptake and N use-efficiency were compared between 10.0 mM and 1.0 mM nitrogen using $70\%$ ammonium and $30\%$ nitrate for 24 days after transplanting. Rice plants absorbed more nitrogen$(131\~145\%)$ in 10.0mM than 1.0mM treatment but accumulated N in rice plants were almost the same in both treatment. Among the tested rice cultivars, dry matter production and total accumulative nitrogen in rice plants were much high in Tongil type than japonica type rice cultivars. N-recovery ratios of rice plants from uptake N were $90.8-99.0\%$ in low concentration N solution(1.0 mM), but $69.4-81.7\%$ were observed in high concentration N solution(10.0 mM). It means that suppling low concentration N steadily will be better to prevent loss of N without reducing of growth in rice plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2016

A field study was conducted to determine the runoff loss of N and P in small scale of red pepper field plots (10% slope), consisting of three different plots with black polyethylene vinyl mulching (mulching), ridge without mulching (ridge), and flat without ridge and mulching (flat). Composted manure and urea as a basal application were applied at rates of $20MT\;ha^{-1}$ and $93kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Urea at $189kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and fused phosphate at $67kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ were additionally applied on June 25 with different fertilization methods, broadcast application in flat plot and hole injection in ridge and mulching plots. Plant uptake of N and P was positively correlated with their respective concentrations in surface soil: mulching > ridge > flat plots. The runoff loss by soil erosion was higher in flat plot than ridge and mulching plot with contour line. Nitrate loss by the runoff water had no significant differences among three surface management practices, but the higher average value in ridge and mulching plots than flat plot. Especially, the flat plot had no phosphate loss during summer season. This is probably due to low labile P content in surface soil of flat plot. In the summation of soil and water loss, flat plot was higher in N and P loss than ridge and mulching plot with contour line. Nevertheless, the nitrate and phosphate loss by runoff water could be more important for non-point source management because the water could meet the river easier than eroded soil because of re-deposition around slope land.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2001

밭토양에 돈분이 시용되었을 때 토양에서 유실되는 유거수에 의한 질산태질소의 유거손실을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 경사가 4% 정도 되는 밭토양에 나지와 옥수수 재배조건 하에서 돈분을 무처리, 50, $100ton\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 처리하고 유거수 중에 질산태질소 유거량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유거수량은 강우량이 많을수록 증가하였으나 돈분시용량이 증가할수록 유거수량은 감소하였다. 유거수 중에 질산태질소의 농도는 옥수수 재배조건에서 높았는데 같은 처리 조건에서 나지에서의 유거수 중에 질산태질소 농도에 비하여 86.9, 42.9,33.6% 가 높았다. 질산태질소의 총유거 손실량은 나지구에서 높았으며 처리 수준별 유거량은 $1.34{\sim}3.15kg\;NO_3-N\;ha^{-1}$ 였다. 유거수 중에 양이온들의 농도는 K> Mg> Na> Ca 순이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2007

Artifacts due to inter-particle and gas-particle interactions during PM2.5 sampling were quantified by comparing the measurement results between the annular denuder-filterpack system and the filterpack system without denuder. Measurements were carried in Seoul for 10 days in each season; Nov. 2004, Jan. 2005, Mar. 2005, and Jul. 2005, respectively. In each day, two 12-h samples were obtained. The concentrations of nitrate and chloride showed seasonal variations mainly due to the availability of ammonium to neutralize nitrate or chloride. Nitrates and chloride losses were prominent in summer. Since most of ammonia was used to neutralize sulfuric acid and formed ammonium sulfate in summer, nitrate and chloride could not exist in particles and ammonium loss was smaller than other seasons.