• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nitrate

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Rapid Analytical Method of Nitrite and Nitrate in Fish by Ion Chromatography

  • Oh, Myung-Cheol;Oh, Chang-Kyung;Kim, Soo-Hyun
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1996
  • Rapid analytical method was investigated to determine precursors of N-nitrosamine such an nitrite and nitrate in squid(Illex illecebrosus and Sepiell maindroni), codfish(Gadus marcrocephalus)and flatfish(Paralichthys olivaceus) by ion chromatography(IC) and colorimetric methods. Recoveries of nitrite and nitrate in fish tissues were 89~98.7% and 94.1~99.8% for IC, and 98.4~103.7% and 67.7~102.2% for colori-metric method, respectively. Using IC, nitrite was not detected and nitrate was 0.89~1.23mg/kg, while using colorimetric method, nitrite and nitrate were NO~0.08mg/kg and 0.3~0.42mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the IC method showed better recoveries, and was applicable to extract nitrite and nitrate simultaneously, and is simpler compared with colorimetric method in analyzing nitrite and nitrate from fish tissues.

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Volatile compounds and some physico-chemical properties of pastırma produced with different nitrate levels

  • Akkose, Ahmet;Unal, Nazen;Yalinkilic, Baris;Kaban, Guzin;Kaya, Mukerrem
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.1168-1174
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different nitrate levels (150, 300, 450, and 600 ppm $KNO_3$) on the volatile compounds and some other properties of pastırma. Methods: Pastırma samples were produced under the controlled condition and analyses of volatile compounds, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an indicator of lipid oxidation, non-protein nitrogenous matter content as an indicator of proteolysis, color and residual nitrite were carried out on the final product. The profile of volatile compounds of pastırma samples was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using a solid phase microextraction. Results: Nitrate level had a significant effect on pH value (p<0.05) and a very significant effect on TBARS value (p<0.01). No significant differences were determined in terms of $a_w$ value, non-protein nitrogenous substance content, color and residual nitrite between pastırma groups produced by using different nitrate levels. Nitrate level had a significant (p<0.05) or a very significant (p<0.01) effect on some volatile compounds. It was determined that the amounts and counts of volatile compounds were lower in the 450 and especially 600 ppm nitrate levels than 150 and 300 ppm nitrate levels (p<0.05). While the use of 600 ppm nitrate did not cause an increase in residual nitrite levels, the use of 150 ppm nitrate did not negatively affect the color of pastırma. However, the levels of volatile compounds decreased with an increasing level of nitrate. Conclusion: The use of 600 ppm nitrate is not a risk in terms of residual nitrite in pastırma produced under controlled condition, however, this level is not suitable due to decrease in the amount of volatile compounds.

A Study on the Behaviour of Organics and Nitrogen Using Upflow Anaerobic Reactor When Acid Fermenter is Added (상향류식 혐기성반응조와 산발효조의 병합처리시 유기물질과 질소거동에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Dae-Min;Lee, Young-Shin
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.325-331
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    • 2009
  • This study was aimed to behaviour of organics and nitrogen on the upflow anaerobic reactor when a acid fermenter is added. Up flow anaerobic reactor (UAR) reaction will result which operates, COD removal efficiencies of reactor with nitrate loading rate 0.11, 0.66g/L/d were over 77%, but one with 1.0g/L/d was 73.5%. Especially, on NLR 0.11g/L/d, COD removal was 77% and nitrate removal efficiency was 93% simultaneously. The other side upflow anaerobic reactor and acid fermenter (UAR+AF) reaction will result witch operates, COD removal efficiencies of reactor with nitrate loading rate 0.11, 0.66g/L/d were over 85%, but one with 1.0g/L/d was 80%. Especially, on NLR 0.11g/L/d, COD removal was 85% and nitrate removal efficiency was 98% simultaneously. Also, without in reaction condition increase of influent nitrate concentration resulted in the linear decrease of nitrate removal efficiency and nitrate removal efficiency at influent nitrate-nitrogen 800mg/L was 50%. Alkalinity was increased theoretically by denitrification at low nitrate-N concentration, however, it was not increased theoretically at high nitrate-No 40% nitrate-N of UAR was denitrified until 70% height of reactor and 90% nitrate-N of UAR+AF was denitrified until 30% height of reactor Upflow anaerobic reactor was to occur accumulate acid, which TVA/Alkalinity is 0.3$\sim$0.47. Increase of NLR resulted increase of effluent alkalinity and TVA production

Comparisons of In vitro Nitrate Reduction, Methanogenesis, and Fermentation Acid Profile among Rumen Bacterial, Protozoal and Fungal Fractions

  • Lin, M.;Schaefer, D.M.;Guo, W.S.;Ren, L.P.;Meng, Q.X.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.471-478
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    • 2011
  • The objectives were to compare the ability of various rumen microbial fractions to reduce nitrate and to assess the effect of nitrate on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Physical and chemical methods were used to differentiate the rumen microbial population into the following fractions: whole rumen fluid (WRF), protozoa (Pr), bacteria (Ba), and fungi (Fu). The three nitrogen substrate treatments were as follows: no supplemental nitrogen source, nitrate or urea, with the latter two being isonitrogenous additions. The results showed that during 24 h incubation, WRF, Pr and Ba fractions had an ability to reduce nitrate, and the rate of nitrate disappearance for the Pr fraction was similar to the WRF fraction, while the Ba fraction needed an adaptation period of 12 h before rapid nitrate disappearance. The WRF fraction had the greatest methane ($CH_4$) production and the Pr fraction had the greatest prevailing $H_2$ concentration (p<0.05). Compared to the urea treatment, nitrate diminished net gas and $CH_4$ production during incubation (p<0.05), and ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N) concentration (p<0.01). Nitrate also increased acetate, decreased propionate and decreased butyrate molar proportions (p<0.05). The Pr fraction had the highest acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). The Pr fraction as well as the Ba fraction appears to have an important role in nitrate reduction. Nitrate did not consistently alter total VFA concentration, but it did shift the VFA profile to higher acetate, lower propionate and lower butyrate molar proportions, consistent with less $CH_4$ production by all microbial fractions.

Nitrate Reductase Activity by Change of Nitrate Form Nitrogen Content on Growth Stage of Radish (무의 재배기간중 질산태질소의 함량변화에 따른 질산환원효소의 활성)

  • Cho, Sung-Min;Han, Kang-Wan;Cho, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.383-390
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    • 1996
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer forms, fertilizer and herbicide application rates on growth of radish. The nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity of radish were analyzed along with the growing stage. Nitrate nitrogen was more efficient than ammonium nitrogen for radish. With increasing the fertilizer application rate, accumulated of nitrate content was increased. The amount of nitrate nitrogen was highest at 25days after seeding in petioles, and $32{\sim}39days$ after seeding in root. Nitrate content was decreased as sampling date was delayed, whereas the content increased in the root at early growing stage and then decreased. The nitrate cotent increased in the order of petioles, roots, and leaf blades and nitrate reductase activity increased petioles, leaf blades, and roots. The higher nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide application increased nitrate nitrogen accumulation in radish as compaired with control treatment and nitrate reductase activity showed similar trend.

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Effect of Short Term Cold Treatment to Rhizosphere on Nitrate Concentration in Lettuce Plant under Hydroponic Culture System (단기간 근귄 저온처리가 수경재배 상추의 질산태 질소 함량 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Seung-Ju;Yang, Jin-Chul;Sa, Tong-Min
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.69-73
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    • 2002
  • Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were grown under hydroponic system to characterize the diurnal change of nitrate concentration and nitrate uptake rate and to examine the effect of short term cold treatment to rhizosphere on nitrate concentration and uptake rate in lettuce plant. The nitrate concentrations in midrib were two times higher than those in leaf. Nitrate concentration in the shoot reached to minimum (8.7 mg-N/GDW) at 14:00 and, thereafter, increased continuously until 23:00. During 11:00$\sim$17:00, nitrate uptake by lettuce plant was maximum (4.8 mg-N/GDW-Root/hr). Short term cold treatment reduced nitrate concentration in the shoot by 14$\sim$18%, and nitrate uptake rate by 50$\sim$55%, respectively. These results showed that short term cold treatment before harvest could be applied for the purpose of reduction of nitrate concentration in the leaf under hydroponic culture.

Effects of Combination of Nitrate with ${\beta}$1-4 Galacto-oligosaccharides and Yeast (Candida kefyr) on Methane Emission from Sheep

  • Sar, C.;Santoso, B.;Gamo, Y.;Kobayashi, T.;Shiozaki, S.;Kimura, K.;Mizukoshi, H.;Arai, I.;Takahashi, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2004
  • The objective of the present study was to determine whether ${\beta}$1-4 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and Candida kefyr combined with nitrate as manipulators could suppress rumen methanogenesis without nitrate poisoning in sheep. Four rumen fistulated wethers were allocated to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Nitrate (1.3 g $NaNO_3$ $Kg^{-0.75}$body weight) with and without GOS and Candida kefyr were administered into the rumen through fistula as a single dose 30 min after the morning meal. GOS and Candida kefyr were supplemented by sprinkling onto the feed and through rumen fistula, respectively. The four treatments consisted of saline, nitrate, nitrate plus GOS and nitrate plus GOS plus Candida kefyr. Physiological saline was used as the control treatment. Compared to saline treatment, the administration of nitrate alone resulted in a very marked decrease in rumen methanogenesis and an increase in rumen and plasma nitrite production and blood methaemoglobin formation consequently causing a decline in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and metabolic rate. When compared to nitrate alone, the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS decreased nitrite accumulation in rumen and plasma and nitrate-induced methaemoglobin, while retaining low methane production. However, GOS could not fully restore metabolic parameters reduced by nitrate. When compared to the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS, the simultaneous administration of nitrate with GOS plus Candida kefyr lowered rumen methanogenesis to a negligible level, but did not decrease rumen and plasma nitrite accumulation as well as blood methaemoglobin formation. Thus, these results suggest that combination of nitrate with GOS may be a potent manipulator to suppress rumen methanogenesis with abating the hazards of nitratenitrite toxicity in ruminants.

A Study on the Volatilization of Particulate Nitrate (NO3-) During Fine Particle (PM2.5) Measurement (미세입자(PM2.5) 측정시 발생되는 질산염(NO3-) 휘발에 관한 연구)

  • 강병욱;이학성
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.297-303
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    • 2002
  • Fine particles (d$_{p}$ < 2.5 $\mu$m) were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) in Chongju. The data set was collected on fifty-eight different days with a 24-hr sampling period from October 27, 1995 through August 25, 1996. Particulate nitrate in the ADS was also measured on teflon and nylon filters in series behind denuders to collect HNO$_3$, HNO$_2$, SO$_2$and NH$_3$. From this study. the mean concentration of particulate nitrate of PM$_{2.5}$ in the ADS were seen with the following order: winter (5.05) >fall (4.36) >spring (3.92) > summer (1.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). Nitrate losses, which calculated from the ratio of nylon filter nitrate to the sum of teflon and nylon filter nitrates, varied in the following manner summer (72.2%) > spring (42.6%) > fall (23.5%)> winter (0.4%). Especially, gaseous nitric acid was dominant at temperature higher than 8$^{\circ}C$ while particulate nitrate was major species in total nitrate below that temperature. This indicates the particulate nitrate loss is strongly correlated rather with ambient temperature.e.e.

Characteristics of Nitrate Removal Using Micellar-enhanced Ultrafiltration (MEUF에 의한 질산성 질소 제거에 관한 연구)

  • 백기태;이현호;김보경;김호정;양지원
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2003
  • Feasibility of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration far the removal of nitrate was investigated using cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride and octadecylamine acetate. The removal of nitrate increased as the molar ratio of surfactant increased. With the molar ratio of 3, at least 80% of nitrate was removed, while > 98% of nitrate was removed at the surfactant molar ratio of 10. Octadecylamine acetate showed higher removal efficiency of nitrate and higher rejection of surfactant than cetylpyridinium chloride because of the accessibility of nitrate to surfactant micelles due to head group of surfactant. Octadecylamine acetate turned out to be a better surfactant than cetylpyridinium chloride for micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration to remove nitrate from groundwater.