• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify current condition of night lighting plan for the outdoor space in an apartment complex and to examine how residents perceive that environment. For this purpose, considerations and standards for safe and agreeable night lighting environment were examined through literature study. And a field study to determine the current state of the night lighting environment was conducted, and finally a survey was executed to find out residents' satisfaction, requirements and consciousness on that lighting environment of apartment complex. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, most standards for night lighting environment focus on the urban environment as a whole, so they have very few clear standards exclusive for the outdoor space of the apartment complex. Secondly, most of outdoor spaces surveyed in this study have met the basic illumination standard, but some spaces had parts where lights were off or out of order forming dark zones, and in some parts lights were screened by trees causing shades, poor safety and a narrowed sight. Thirdly, residents had interest in the night lighting environment of the outdoor space, but they were not fully satisfied with that environment. Fourthly, residents were negative about such factors of the environment as safety, convenience, recognition and aesthetics. These factors should be reflected in planning and improving the night lighting. It is expected that this study provides basic information necessary to plan safer and more agreeable night lighting, and to satisfy the residents' need for liveable apartment complex.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.218-227
• /
• 2021

Background: Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results: The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2006

풋고추(청양)의 육묘 온도를 주간온도는 같게 하고 야간온도를 달리하여 유묘의 화아분화와 생장 및 포장에서의 생장을 조사하였다. 육묘기간 중의 야간 온도가 높을수록 고추 묘의 엽수, 지상부 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하였고, 화아분화 및 첫 개화일은 단축되었다. 정식 후 초장, 경경, 분지장, 절간장은 저온구($28/11^{\circ}C$)에서 증가한 반면 고온구($28/21^{\circ}C$)에서 억제되었다. 측지수는 고온구에서 현저히 감소되었으나 온도 처리에 따라 주경에서 발달하는 1차분지의 수는 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 고추 모종의 생장은 저온구에서 억제되었다가 하우스에 정식한 후부터 점차로 회복된 반면, 고온구는 이와 반대의 경향을 보였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the general considerations and operational applications of aircraft night vision goggle(NVG). The operators should recognize the NVG characteristics, natural night light sources and interoperability between them. And they have to keep attention to the method to take steps to avoid misperceptions, illusions during flight, and the negative impact on the effectiveness and safety of the mission. The considerations based on the interoperability between NVG and night operation suggest the evaluation items of NVG field test and flight test.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 1998

연구배경 : 수면다원기록에 따르는 첫날밤 효과가 수면연구자들 사이에서 널리 알려진 개념임에도 불구하고 이에 대한 국내 연구가 전무한 형편이고 한편으로는 이제까지의 연구결과들의 일관성이 없어 우선 건강한 젊은 성인을 대상으로 첫날밤 효과에 관해 연구 하고자 하였다. 방법 : 남자 의과대학생 8 명을 대상으로 2 일간의 야간수면 다원기록을 실시하여 산출된 수면 변인들에 대 하여 첫째 날과 둘째 날의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 양 일간의 유의한 차이는 첫날밤에 수면기간 시간과 취침시간을 3 등분한 후반 1/3의 총수면 시간이 증가한 소견이었다. 그 외 제반 변인에서는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 첫날밤 효과를 확인할 수 없었던 것은 1) 피험자들의 나이가 젊어 적응력이 뛰어났고, 2) 검사실 환경이 비교적 쾌적하여 집의 침실과 같은 안락한 환경을 제공하였기 때문으로 생각된다. 피험자의 연령과 수면 검사환경을 고려하지 않고 첫날밤 효과를 배제하기 위해서 무조건적으로 첫날밤의 수면다원기록 자료를 경시 또는 제외할 필요는 없다고 판단된다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the meaning of job experiences of fixed night shift nurses participating in a pilot project by a tertiary hospital, and to provide basic information for improving their night shift working environment. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews in September 2022. Three female nurses who worked fixed night shifts were recruited from a tertiary hospital. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: By analyzing the meaning of job experience as a fixed night shift nurse, four categories and nine subcategories were identified. The four categories of job experience of fixed night shift nurses were: expecting an improvement physical health due to predictable working hours, enjoying leisure time due to long off-duty hours, regretting for loosened relationships, and considering a successful settlement of fixed night shift nursing. Conclusion: As night shift work is essential for nurses to provide continuous nursing to patients, it is necessary to develop various strategies to improve the physical health of night shift nurses through fatigue management and good sleep quality, mental health through work-life harmony, and social health through intimate relationships between patients and coworkers.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1996

Environmental issues are getting imrx>rtant and the polluted environment is now c considered as one of the serious social problems which we have to face. As a result, most people hate an night soil-treating establishment to be built near their village. This paper is intended to reveal the present situation of Sanitary Environment Bureau in Iksan City and its treatment of night soil. The conclusions are as follows 1. The mean quantity of treated night soil per day was approximately 126kl In 1995, and the treated quantity per month was largest in the months from May to August, but smallest in January and February. The quantity of the largest month doubled the one of the smallest, and it is considered to be because the microorganisms are more active in the warm season than in the cold season, being a a ble to process more night soil. 2. The after-treatment sewage water is regarded as being in an optimalcondition because the examination of the water discharged from the establishment revealed the result of BOD 16.67mg/l and SS 14.78mg/l in 1995. 3. The expense for treating human waste was ￦19,582 in Iksan Sanitary Environment Bureau and it was considerably lower than the average expense through the nation, i.e. ￦22,000-25,000. But the cost should be expanded for keeping outworn equipments from the old age. 4. It is desirable for the Bureau to open the establishment so that any adult or student can come into it and watch all the treating processes. It will help the citizens understand the need for the establishment in spite of its nasty and ugly impression. Other cities or countries have to follow this model and try to provide their citizens with a cleaner environment by investing more fund technology for it.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.408-421
• /
• 2016

Day and night sampling for gas and particle phases PAHs were carried out in Seoul to characterize gas and particle phases PAHs concentrations in day and night times. There was no significant difference between day and night time for particle phase PAHs concentrations and phase distribution of PAHs, while, gas phase PAHs concentrations in daytime were about 1/2 of nighttime concentrations in both summer and winter due to photochemical reaction of gas phase PAHs during daytime. A high fraction of cancer risk for PAHs was attributed to particle phase PAHs and the excess cancer risk in winter was higher than in summer. The excess cancer risk level of total(gas+particle) PAHs in summer was partially observed when both gas and particle phase PAHs concentrations were considered as risk assessment. Based on the diagnostic ratios and factor analysis of PAHs concentrations, combustion(coal and natural gas) and vehicular emission might be the most significant contributors of PAHs and major factors for determining of PAHs concentration were different between day and night times.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.821-831
• /
• 2021

The relationship between night cooling rate and meteorological elements was investigated over the past five years (2016-2020), using weather data from the new (Daegu(143)) and old (Shinam(860)) Daegu Regional Meteorological Agency located in the suburban and urban regions, respectively. There was a correlation between the total daily amount of solar radiation (S_tot) and the night cooling rate in the both regions. However, a higher correlation was observed at the new Daegu Regional Meteorological Agency station (Daegu(143)). In particular, data from the new Daegu Regional Meteorological Administration's observatory, which experiences a low thermal storage effect caused by artificial structures, showed a higher correlation between nighttime cooling and weather factors. The reason for this is that the lesser the heat storage effect caused by the artificial structures, the better the effect of surface radiation cooling on temperature reduction. These findings confirm that the correlation between night cooling and weather factors can be used to assess the impact of artificial structures in cities.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1053-1068
• /
• 2008

This study aims to produce fundamental database for Environment Impact Assessment by monitoring vertical structure of the atmosphere due to the mountain valley wind in spring season. For this, we observed surface and upper meteorological elements in Sangin-dong, Daegu using the rawinsonde and automatic weather system(AWS). In Sangin-dong, the weather condition was largely affected by mountains when compared to city center. The air temperature was low during the night time and day break, and similar to that of city center during the day time. Relative humidity also showed similar trend; high during the night time and day break and similar to that of city center during the day time. Solar radiation was higher than the city, and the daily maximum temperature was observed later than the city. The synoptic wind during the measurement period was west wind. But during the day time, the west wind was joined by the prevailing wind to become stronger than the night time. During the night time and daybreak, the impact of mountain wind lowered the overall temperature, showing strong geographical influence. The vertical structure of the atmosphere in Dalbi valley, Sangin-dong had a sharp change in air temperature, relative humidity, potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature when measured at the upper part of the mixing layer height. The mixing depth was formed at maximum 1896m above the ground, and in the night time, the inversion layer was formed by radiational cooling and cold mountain wind.