• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2014

Cockroaches are abundant in Nigeria and are seen to harbour an array of pathogens. Environmental and sanitary conditions associated with demographic/socio-economic settings of an area could contribute to the prevalence of disease pathogens in cockroaches. A total of 246 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in urban (Benin, n=91), semi-urban (Ekpoma, n=75) and rural (Emuhi, n=70) settings in Edo State, Nigeria were collected within and around households. The external body surfaces and alimentary canal of these cockroaches were screened for bacterial, fungal, and parasitological infections. Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli were the most common bacteria in cockroaches. However, Enterococcus faecalis could not be isolated in cockroaches trapped from Ekpoma and Emuhi. Aspergillus niger was the most prevalent fungus in Benin and Ekpoma, while Mucor sp. was predominant in Emuhi. Parasitological investigations revealed the preponderance of Ascaris lumbricoides in Benin and Emuhi, while Trichuris trichura was the most predominant in Ekpoma. The prevalence and burden of infection in cockroaches is likely to be a reflection of the sanitary conditions of these areas. Also, cockroaches in these areas making incursions in homes may increase the risk of human infections with these disease agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 1995

The neutral sugar sidechains of apple pectins were hydrolyzed by commercial hemicellulase produced from Aspergillus niger, and the corresponding changes in solution viscosity were investigated in dilute(cc*) pectin solutions. Pectinase activity included in hemicellulases was removed by Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography using polygalacturonic acid as a ligand. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sidechains did not affect the specifc viscosity of dilute(0.5%) pectin solutions, while viscosity significantly decreased in concentrated(2.0∼6.0%) region. These results strongly suggest that the sidechains of pectins exists as an entangled state in concentrated solutions. It was also found that in the concentrated region the extent of viscosity reduction was dependent on pectin concentrations.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2001

Korean food waste, one of the abundantly available but environmentally problematic organic wastes in Korea, was utilized as solid-substrate by fungal strain Aspergillus niger ATcC 6275 for the production of enzymemixture containing amylase, cellulase and xylanase. The enzyme mixture can be used as high value-added animal feed. Solid-state fermentation method yielded a 84-fold enhancement in xylanase activity compared with submerged fermentation method. The effect of incubation period, incubation temperature, pH of medium, moisture content, inoculum size and enrichment of the medium with nitrogen and carbon sources were observed for optimal production of these enzymes The optimal amylase activity of 33.10 U/g, cellulase activity of 24.41 U/g, xylanase activity of 328.84 U/g were obtained at 8 days incubation with 50%(w/w) soy bean flake, with incubation temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, pH of 6.38, optimal moisture content of 55% and with inoculum size of $3.8{\times}10^6$spore/g. Enzyme activities were enhanced when ImM $CaSO_4$, 2% Malt extract and 2% galactose were added as mineral, nitrogen and carbon enrichment respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2011

Natural Curcumin belongs to Zingiber Officinale Roscoe was known to possess natural odor, natural taste, natural color, and other pharmaceutical & chemical characteristics. Natural Curcumin extract was made to use ethanol as a solvent was to show a yellow color having state of solid powder and an active component. Natural Curcumin extract tested pharmaceutical & chemical experiment to dilute in curcumin 1%-water solution. Curcumin extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe, and tested dye experiment using fiber. Some conclusions in the result of characteristics experiment was obtained as follow. The result of antimicrobial experiment showed that the growth of staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-001) and aspergillus niger (ATCC-002) as microbes decreased according to passage of time. This phenomenon could know that Curcumin compoment showed influence to antimicrobial effect. Also, the result of dye experiment showed that cotton and sick with fiber dyeing dyed in direction of dark yellow color. This phenomenon could know that Curcumin extract showed influence to dyeing effect in observation of optical electron microscope(OEM.) The result of instrument analysis ascertained inorganic components of K(53.300ppm), Na(1.150ppm), Ca(0.711ppm), Ti(0.351ppm), Li(0.256ppm), Cu(0.233ppm) etcs from Curcumin component with ICP/OES, and ascertained organic components of propanoic acid(1.859), benzene(10.814), phenol(14.194) etcs from Curcumin component with GC/MSD.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-43
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• 2018

The lack of appropriate performance appraisal and evaluation of incubatees of technology incubation programmes in relation to entrepreneurship development in Nigeria is a major gap that needs to be bridged. This study examined the effect of selected technology incubation programme variables such as training, financing and marketing on entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. A closed-ended questionnaire was used for data collection from the quota-sampled population of the six (6) geo-political zones of Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data while multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that technology incubation training has a significant effect on entrepreneurial ability in Nigeria; there is a significant and positive effect of technology incubation financing on entrepreneurial funding portfolio; there is no significant impact of technology incubation marketing programme on entrepreneurial turnover; and technology incubation has no significant impact on entrepreneurial propensity. The study recommended that the National Board for Technology Incubation (NBTI) expand the training modules to capture pre, post and virtual incubatees; to facilitate access to risk funds, cheap capital and encourage establishment of venture capital; to improve on its marketing programme to encompass all marketing needs of incubatees beyond trade-fair participation. However, trade-fairs participation has a significant but limited effect on entrepreneurial turnover, while a technology incubation programme has no significant impact on entrepreneurial propensity, as only six (6) out of the twenty-nine (29) respondents started new venture from the incubation centers which are industrial training students and staff of the incubatees.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2011

Natural Omija belongs to magnoliaceae was known to possess natural odor, taste, color, and various pharmaceutical & chemical characteristics. Omija extraction was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Omija extract showed a light red-violet color of viscous liquid state. Some conclusions from the result of characteristic experiment were obtained as follows. From the result of antimicrobial experiment, occurrence of staphylococuss aureus and aspergillus niger as microbes was decreased according to the passage of time. This phenomenon could know that Omija component is affected to antimicrobial effect. From the result of dye experiment, fiber dyeing showed with some ivory color after dyed to cotton and silk. This phenomenon could know that Omija component is affected to dyeing effect from observation of scanning electron microscope(SEM). From the result of instrument analysis, inorganic components of K(107.30ppm), Na(2.110ppm), Ca(0.935ppm), Mg(0.891ppm), Li(0.270ppm) etcs from Omija were detected with ICP/OES, and aromatic components of benzene(10.808), a-pinene(13.996), phenol(14.183), ${\beta}$-terpene(15.840), a-terpinolene(17.616) etcs from Omija were also detected with GC/MSD.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

Natural Ginger extract was extracted from Ginger component using ethanol as a solvent, and we tested various pharmaceutical characteristics in this extract. Characteristics experiment to use natural Ginger extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe, and analyzed organic and inorganic component with analysis instrument. From the result of characteristics experiment, some conclusions are obtained as follow. In this experiment, natural Ginger extract was obtained about 22.50 g-Ginger extract(extraction ratio : 1.80%) as liquid state of some viscous yellow-brown color. The result of antimicrobial experiment with staphylococcus aureus and aspergillus niger in microbe decreased more and more according to passage of reaction time. This phenomenon could know that Ginger extract has influenced to antimicrobial effect. In the result of instrumental analysis, aromatic organic components of benzimidazole(1.283), propyl isothiocyanate or isothiocyanic acid(1.477) etcs from Ginger extract were detected with GC/MS and inorganic component of Ca(27.6 ppm), K(24.08 ppm), Mg(6.03 ppm), Na(1.02 ppm), Zn(1.02 ppm), Sb(0.711 ppm) and Li(0.079 ppm) etcs from Ginger extract were detected with ICP/OES.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate the development of institutional repositories in university libraries in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. Online questionnaire, IRs investigation, and interview methods were used to collect data from the 21 university libraries that have developed IRs in Nigeria. The study revealed that only few universities have successfully developed open access IRs to preserve and manage their intellectual outputs emanating from their universities. Contents such as journal articles, theses/dissertations, and conference / workshop papers were found to be the most popular contents that are hosted in the IRs. The interview revealed that although few respondents mentioned having IR policy statements in areas such as access policy, submission policy, preservation policy, content policy and copyright policy, the majority mentioned not having any defined policy in their IR. Also in the interview, inadequate fund, challenge of collecting contents for the IR, shortage of skilled ICT personnel, and inadequate facilities were the most mentioned challenges encountered in the development of IRs in Nigeria. Findings from this study will inform University Librarians, university management and policy makers on the need to provide the necessary infrastructure and formulate policies for smooth development of institutional repositories to make research visible globally. The results will therefore provide important data and insight into the development of institutional repositories in university libraries in the context of developing countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a sorghum-specific enzyme system, derived from an Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract (carbohydrase activity of 1,650 $\alpha$-amylase units and cellulase activity of 30 fibrinolytic units/mL), on growth performance of finishing pigs. In Exp. 1,192 pigs (average initial BW of 46.1 kg) were fed sorghum-based diets without or with 360 mL of enzyme system per ton of sorghum in a 78 d growth assay. For d 0 to 39, gain/feed was improved (p<0.03) with enzyme supplementation, but ADG was not affected (p>0.15). For d 39 to 78 and overall (d 0 to 78), ADG, gain/feed, and digestibilities of DM and N were not affected (p>0.13) by enzyme supplementation. Backfat thickness, fat-free lean index, and scores for stomach keratinization and ulcers also were not affected (p>0.15) by the dietary treatments. In Exp. 2,168 pigs (average initial BW of 58.4 kg) were fed diets without or with 150, 300, or 450 mL/ton of the same enzyme system used in Exp. 1. Adding as much as 450 mL enzyme system / ton of sorghum did not affect (p>0.15) ADG or gain/feed for d 0 to 29 of the growth assay. However, during d 29 to 63, ADG increased by 11% (linear effect, p<0.02) and gain/feed increased by 10% (linear effect, p<0.06) as enzyme concentration was increased from none to 450 mL/ton of sorghum. For the overall period (d 0 to 63), ADG tended to increase (p<0.08) with enzyme supplementation, but gain/feed and digestibilities of DM and N were not affected (p>0.14). Carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and fat free lean index) also were not affected (p>0.20) by addition of the enzyme system. In Exp. 3,176 pigs (average initial BW of 46.7 kg) were fed diets without or with 450, 900, or 1,350 mL/ton of the same enzyme system used in Exp. 1 and 2 in a 71 d growth assay. Adding up to 1,350 mL/ton of enzyme had no effects (p>0.15) on ADG, gain/feed, digestibilities of DM and N, and carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and fat-free lean index). In conclusion, finishing pigs fed diets with a sorghum-specific enzyme system showed some positive trends for improved growth performance, but those effects were not large and (or) consistent.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2010

A relation between antimicrobial activities and the formation constants of solid complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with tridentate Schiff base ligand, 4-hydroxy-3(1-{2-(benzylideneamino)-phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methyl-2Hpyran-2-one (HL) derived from o-phenylene diamines, dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and p-chloro benzaldehyde have been studied. The ligand and metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, IR, $^1H$-NMR, UV-vis and mass spectra. From the analytical data, the stiochiometry of the complexes was found to be 1:2 (metal:ligand) with octahedral geometry. The molar conductance values suggest the nonelectrolytic nature of metal complexes. The X-ray diffraction data suggests monoclinic crystal system for Ni(II) and orthorhombic crystal system for Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes. The IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as tridentate ligand with ONN donor atoms sequence towards central metal ion. Thermal behavior (TG/DTA) and kinetic parameters calculated by Coats-Redfern method suggests more ordered activated state in complex formation. The protonation constants of the complexes were determined potentiometrically in THF:water (60:40) medium at $25^{\circ}C$ and ionic strength ${\mu}=0.1\;M$ ($NaClO_4$). Antibacterial activities in vitro were performed against Staphylococcus aureu and Escherichia coli. Antifungal activities were studied against Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma. The effect of the metal ions and stabilities of complexes on antimicrobial activities are discussed.