• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, such as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. In this paper, using Heath and You's methods on Nielsen type numbers, we show that these numbers can be evaluated by the set of essential orbit classes under suitable hypotheses, and obtain some formulas in some special cases.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2012

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, much as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. Extending our work on Reidemeister orbit sets, we improve our theorem for formulae for Nielsen type essential orbit numbers.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.1483-1503
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• 2008

Let f : M ${\rightarrow}$ M be a self-map on the Klein bottle M. We compute the Lefschetz number and the Nielsen number of f by using the infra-nilmanifold structure of the Klein bottle and the averaging formulas for the Lefschetz numbers and the Nielsen numbers of maps on infra-nilmanifolds. For each positive integer n, we provide an explicit algorithm for a complete computation of the Nielsen type numbers $NP_n(f)$ and $N{\Phi}_{n}(f)\;of\;f^{n}$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2006

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, much as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. In this paper, extending Cardona and Wong's work on relative Reidemeister numbers, we show that the Reidemeister orbit numbers can be used to calculate the relative essential orbit numbers. We also apply the relative Reidemeister orbit number to study periodic orbits of fibre preserving maps.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.721-734
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• 2014

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, much as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. Extending our work on Reidemeister orbit sets, we obtain algebraic results such as addition formulae for irreducible Reidemeister orbit sets. Similar formulae for Nielsen type irreducible essential orbit numbers are also proved for fibre preserving maps.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

A Nielsen number $\bar{N}(f:X-A)$ is a homotopy invariant lower bound for the number of fixed points on X-A where X is a compact connected polyhedron and A is a connected subpolyhedron of X. This number is extended to Nielsen type numbers $\bar{NP_{n}}(f:X-A)$ of least period n and $\bar{N{\phi}_{n}}(f:X-A)$ of the nth iterate on X-A where the subpolyhedron A of a compact connected polyhedron X is no longer path connected.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2013

We introduce a Nielsen type number of a fibre preserving map, and show that it is a lower bound for the number of $n$-orbits in the homotopy class. Under suitable conditions we show that it is equal to the Nielsen type relative essential $n$-orbit number. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for it and the essential $n$-orbit number to coincide.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2016

With the growing interest in skincare and maintenance, there are increasing numbers of studies on the classification of skin type and the factors influencing each type. This study presents a novel methodology by using data mining, for the determination of the relationships between skin type, lifestyle, and patterns of cosmetic utilization. Eight skin-specific factors, which are moisture, sebum in U-zone (both cheeks), sebum in T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin), pore, melanin, wrinkle, acne, hemoglobin, were measured in 1,246 subjects living in South Korea, in conjunction with a questionnaire survey analyzing their lifestyles and pattern of cosmetic utilization. Using various multivariate statistical methods and data mining techniques, we classified the skin types based on the skin-specific values, determined the relationship between skin type and lifestyle, and accordingly sorted the subjects into clusters. Logistic regression analysis revealed gender-related differences in the skin; therefore, separate analyses were performed for males and females. Using the Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) technique, we classified the subjects based on skin type (two male and four female). Using the ANOVA and decision tree techniques, we attempted to characterize the relationship between each skin type and the lifestyles of the subjects. Menstruation, eating habits, stress, and smoking were identified as the major factors affecting the skin.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.235-238
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• 2015

최대의 부정아유도수는 MS배지에 0.2 mg/L BA가 첨가된 배지에서 유도되었다. 엽병근처 자엽 절편과 자엽 끝 절편을 MS배지에 0.2 mg/L BA가 첨가된 배지에 배양하였다. 부정아 유도 빈도는 절편형태에 따라 차이를 보였다. 엽병근처 자엽 절편은 자엽 끝 절편 보다 부정아 유도율이 높았다. 호르몬 무처리 1/2MS배지에서 줄기의 신장과 뿌리가 유도되었다. 이 결과는 클론번식을 가능하게 할 효과적인 방법을 제공한다.