• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1499-1505
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• 2007

Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) is a reactive oxidant formed from superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}\;O_2-$) and nitric oxide (NO), which can oxidize cellular components such as essential protein, non-protein thiols, DNA, low-density lipoproteins and membrane phospholipids. ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ have contributed to the pathogenesis of diseases such as stroke, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Because of damaging effects of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ oxidants, Vespae Nidus, which has been known to strengthen the kidneys to preserve the vital energy. was tested as a potential specific scavenger of those oxidants. In this study, the viability of Vespae Nidus (1, 10, 50 g/ml) to scavenge ${\cdot}\;O_2-$, NO, $ONOO^-$ and so to protect cells against tert-butylhydroxyperoxide (t-BHP) induced cell death was tested. The levels of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$ were detected by staining with DCFH-DA and DHR 123, respectively. Protein expression levels of COX-2, iNOS and $NF{-\kappa}B$ were assayed by western blot. Vespae Nidus blocked t-BHP-induced cell death in a dose-dependent fashion. Vespae Nidus inhibited t-BHP-induced production of ${\cdot}\;O_2-$, NO and $ONOO^-$ in YPEN cells. The lipid peroxide level was increased and glutathione level was decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ICR mouse, whereas the ones in the Vespae Nidus-administered group were regulated beneficially. Vespae Nidus inhibited the expression of COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB (p65 and p50) genes in LPS-treated ICR mouse. The present study suggests that Vespae Nidus is a powerful antioxidant and promotes cellular defense activity by scavenging the toxic oxidants such as ${\cdot}\;O_2-$ and $ONOO^-$.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Aspirin has usually been taken for pain relief originating in the nidus of osteoid osteoma, however it takes too long to become effective. Because of the protracted painful course and the unpredictability of regression, osteoid osteoma is usually removed. And then, the defective host bone is internally fixed by plate and screws and augumented by autogenous bone graft. However, the common intracortical location and exuberant periosteal reaction hinders the exact intraoperative localization of the nidus. The authors managed 6 patients by computerized tomography-guided percutaneous nidus excision with a relatively small skin incision, small cortical window, short operation time and no bone graft. It may be one of the best options for removal of the nidus of osteoid osteoma with certainty.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2006

Objectives : Peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$), superoxide anion(${\cdot}{O_2}^-$) and nitric oxide (NO) is a cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in the aging process and age-related disease such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate scavenging activities for $ONOO^-$ and its precursors, NO and ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ of Vespae Nidus. Methods : Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used to investigate scavenging activities of $ONOO^-,\;NO,\;{\cdot}{O_2}^-$. Six-months-old ICR mice were used. After mice were injected with lipopolysaccharides(LPS), kidney organization was evaluated. Three comparison groups of ICR mice were used : a normal group, an experimental group that was fed Vespae Nidus extract and then injected with LPS, and a control group that was injected with LPS. Scavenging activities of $ONOO^-,\;NO,\;{\cdot}{O_2}^-$ in these groups were measured in the same way. Results : Vespae Nidus markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-,\;{\cdot}{O_2}^-$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$ and NO which are derived trom SIN-1. Furthermore, it inhibited $ONOO^-,\;{\cdot}{O_2}^-$, and NO generation by Vespae Nidus in LPS-treated ICR mouse kidney postmitochondria. Conclusions : These results suggest that Vespae Nidus might be developed as an effective $ONOO^-,\;{\cdot}{O_2}^-$, and NO scavenger for the prevention of the aging process and age-related diseases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2024

Objective : Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an effective and noninvasive treatment for high-risk arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Since differences in GKRS outcomes by nidus type are unknown, this study evaluated GKRS feasibility and safety in patients with brain AVMs. Methods : This single-center retrospective study included patients with AVM who underwent GKRS between 2008 and 2021. Patients were divided into compact- and diffuse-type groups according to nidus characteristics. We excluded patients who performed GKRS and did not follow-up evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging or digital subtraction angiography within 36 months from the study. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to characterize associations of nidus type with obliteration rate and GKRS-related complications. Results : We enrolled 154 patients (mean age, 32.14±17.17 years; mean post-GKRS follow-up, 52.10±33.67 months) of whom 131 (85.1%) had compact- and 23 (14.9%) diffuse-type nidus AVMs. Of all AVMs, 89 (57.8%) were unruptured, and 65 (42.2%) had ruptured. The mean Spetzler-Martin AVM grades were 2.03±0.95 and 3.39±1.23 for the compact- and diffuse-type groups, respectively (p<0.001). During the follow-up period, AVM-related hemorrhages occurred in four individuals (2.6%), three of whom had compact nidi. Substantial radiation-induced changes and cyst formation were observed in 21 (13.6%) and one patient (0.6%), respectively. The AVM complete obliteration rate was 46.1% across both groups. Post-GKRS complication and complete obliteration rates were not significantly different between nidus types. For diffuse-type nidus AVMs, larger AVM size and volume (p<0.001), lower radiation dose (p<0.001), eloquent area location (p=0.015), and higher Spetzler-Martin grade (p<0.001) were observed. Conclusion : GKRS is a safe and feasible treatment for brain AVMs characterized by both diffuse- and compact-type nidi.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2009

Objective : In order to establish the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) in large intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we analyzed clinical characteristics, radiological features, and radiosurgical outcomes. Methods : Between March 1992 and March 2005, 28 of 33 patients with large AVMs (> $10\;cm^3$ in nidus-volume) who were treated with GKS underwent single session radiosurgery (RS), and the other 5 patients underwent staged volumetric RS. Retrospectively collected data were available in 23 cases. We analyzed treatment outcomes in each subdivided groups and according to the AVM sizes. We compared the estimated volume, defined as primarily estimated nidus volume using MR images, with real target volume after excluding draining veins and feeding arteries embedded into the nidus. Results : Regarding those patients who underwent single session RS, 44.4% (8/18) had complete obliteration; regarding staged volumetric RS, the obliteration rate was 40% (2/5). The complete obliteration rate was 60% (6/10) in the smaller nidus group ($10-15\;cm^3$ size), and 25% (2/8) in the larger nidus group (over $15\;cm^3$ size). One case of cerebral edema and two cases (8.7%) of hemorrhage were seen during the latent period. The mean real target volume for 18 single sessions of RS was $17.1\;cm^3$ ($10.1-38.4\;cm^3$), in contrast with the mean estimated volume of $20.9\;cm^3$ ($12.0-45.0\;cm^3$). Conclusion : The radiosurgical treatment outcomes of large AVMs are generally poor. However, we presume that the recent development in planning software and imaging devices aid more accurate measurement of the nidus volume, therefore improving the treatment outcome.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2000

목적 : 유골 골종의 치료에서 소파술 및 절제술을 이용한 치료 결과를 보고하고 영상증폭 장치하에 K-강선을 경피적으로 삽입후 핵을 Halo-mill로 제거하는 수술을 시행한 경우에도 양호한 결과를 얻어 치료법의 하나로 사료되어 보고한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1990년 3월부터 1998년 1월까지 유골 골종으로 진단하고 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 14례, 여자가 6례였으며 연령분포는 7세부터 42세 까지 평균 20.8세였다. 추시기간은 최저 1년에서 최고 5년 6개월로 평균 3년 2개월이었다. 발생부위는 대퇴골이 9례로 가장 많았고, 경골이 6례, 척추 2례, 척골 1례, 상악골 1례 그리고 두개골이 1례였다. 대퇴골에 발생한 9례중 근위 골간단부는 5례, 경부가 2례, 그리고 골간부가 2례였다. 경골에 발생한 6례는 근위 골간단부와 원위 골간단부에 각각 1례 발생하고 나머지 4례는 골간부에 발생하였다. 정확한 진단과 병소를 찾아내기 위한 방사선학적 검사는 단순 방사선촬영, 골주사, 전산화 단층촬영과 자기공명영상을 이용하였다. 수술방법은 절제술과 소파술이외에 Halo-mill을 이용해 경피적으로 병소를 절제해 내는 방법을 사용하였다. 한편 척골에 발생한 1례의 경우에는 인공관절 전치환술을 시행하였다. 결과 : 단순 방사선촬영 소견상 골 경화의 중심부에 투명상을 나타내는 핵을 보이는 전형적인 소견을 보인 경우는 방사선 자료의 검토가 가능했던 15례중 10례였으며 나머지는 골피질의 경화소견만 보였다. 골주사는 14례에서 시행되었으며 전례에서 비정상적인 방사능 섭취의 증가가 나타났다. 전산화 단층촬영과 자기공명영상을 시행한 각 10례와 4례 중 병소를 확인하지 못한 경우는 전산화 단층촬영에서 1례가 있었다. 치료는 소파술 6례, 절제술 11례,Halo-mill을 사용한 경피적 절제술 2례, 그리고 인공 주관절 치환술 1례를 시행하였다. Halo-mill을 사용한 2례에서 모두 7mm 크기의 Halo-mill을 사용하여 절제술을 시행하였다. 추시 결과 모든 례에서 증상의 소실을 보였으며 재발한 경우는 없었다. 조직학적 소견상, 특징적인 병소를 확인하지 못하고 과골화 소견을 보인 1례를 제외하고는 모든 례에서 특징적인 병소를 확인하였다. 결론 : 유골 골종의 완치를 위해서는 병소를 완전히 제거하는 것이 중요한데 이를 위한 방법으로 보편적인 소파술이나 절제술이 사용될 수 있으나, 핵의 정확한 위치 및 크기가 확인되고 경피적으로 도달가능하며 Halo-mill로 핵을 제거할 수 있는 경우에는 Halo-mill을 이용한 경피적 병소 제거술의 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2024

The exact mechanism of sialolith formation has yet to be determined. Recurrence of sialolithiasis is rare, affecting only 1%-10% of patients. The current study presents a case of recurrent stones that occurred twice on the right submandibular gland 6 months postoperative and 7 months after reoperation in a 48-year-old female patient. The stones were analyzed using histology, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The first stone showed a three-layered structure with a poorly mineralized peripheral multilayered zone, highly mineralized middle layer, and the central nidus. The stones were composed of Ca, C, O, Cu, F, N, P, Si, Zn, and Zr. In TEM, compact bi-layered bacterial cell membrane was found on the peripheral layer and the central nidus of the stone as well as exosomes in the central nidus. The results demonstrated the essential components of sialolith formation, including bacteria, inflammatory exosomes, and exfoliated salivary epithelial cells that cooperatively underwent the pathogenetic progresses of central nidus formation, induction of compact zone calcification of the middle layer, and repeated subsequent deposition in the peripheral multilayer zone. The rapid recurrence could have resulted from residual pieces of a sialolith acting as the nidus of bacterial infection.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2002

This study characterized the genetic variations of 13 populations of Asplenium antiquum and its relative species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total 88 scorable RAPD bands were generated by the 12 random oligo primers and were analyzed by Nei and Li's genetic distance. High genetic variability was detected between A. antiquum and A. nidus, with the range from 0.568 to 0.682. And slightly low genetic variations showed within the populations of same species. Seven populations of A. antiquum showed slight differences (0.000-0.216), and five populations of A. nidus showed similar low genetic variations (0.114 to 0.171). Two individuals from Sup-seom Island which are growing in might be the regenerated one from abroad. A. antiquum were clustered as two groups (Group I, Group II) by UPGMA phenogram. And five populations of A. nidus were clustered as two groups correlated with geographical distribution. The RAPD data was very useful to define the genetic variations and to discuss the phylogenetic relationships among A. antiquum and the related species..

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.471-474
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• 2005

Pure sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations[AVMs] are vascular malformations confined to the sylvian fissure without parenchymal involvement. Surgical removal is regarded as difficult because the nidus is located just lateral to important structures such as the basal ganglia and the internal capsule. Because most feeding arteries to the nidus are branches of the middle cerebral artery[MCA], differentiation between these feeders from en passant and normal vessels is of great importance in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from surgical intervention. We report a case of pure sylvian fissure AVM who presented with an intra-temporal lobe hematoma that was located around venous aneurysms distant from the nidus. The clinical characteristics of this AVM and the surgical methods employed to avoid complications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2020

Objective : Hyperostosis in meningiomas can be present in 4.5% to 44% of cases. Radical resection should include aggressive removal of invaded bone. It is not clear however to what extent bone removal should be carried to achieve pathologically free margins, especially that in many cases, there is a T2 hyperintense signal that extends beyond the hyperostotic bone. In this study we try to investigate the perimeter of tumour cells outside the visible nidus of hyperostotic bone and to what extent they are present outside this nidus. This would serve as an initial step for setting guidelines on dealing with hyperostosis in meningioma surgery. Methods : This is a prospective case series that included 14 patients with convexity meningiomas and hyperostosis during the period from March 2017 to August 2018 in two university hospitals. Patients demographics, clinical, imaging characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and analysed. In all cases, all visible abnormal bone was excised bearing in mind to also include the hyperintense diploe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 weighted images after careful preoperative assessment. To examine bony tumour invasion, five marked bone biopsies were taken from the craniotomy flap for histopathological examinations. These include one from the centre of hyperostotic nidus and the other four from the corners at a 2-cm distance from the margin of the nidus. Results : Our study included five males (35.7%) and nine females (64.3%) with a mean age of 43.75 years (33-55). Tumor site was parietal in seven cases (50%), fronto-parietal in three cases (21.4%), parieto-occipital in two cases (14.2%), frontal region in one case and bicoronal (midline) in one case. Tumour pathology revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I in seven cases (50%), atypical meningioma (WHO II) in five cases (35.7%) and anaplastic meningioma (WHO III) in two cases (14.2%). In all grade I and II meningiomas, bone biopsies harvested from the nidus revealed infiltration with tumour cells while all other bone biopsies from the four corners (2 cm from nidus) were free. In cases of anaplastic meningiomas, all five biopsies were positive for tumour cells. Conclusion : Removal of the gross epicentre of hyperostotic bone with the surrounding 2 cm is adequate to ensure radical excision and free bone margins in grade I and II meningiomas. Hyperintense signal change in MRI T2 weighted images, even beyond visible hypersototic areas, doesn't necessarily represent tumour invasion.