• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ni-Cr-W alloy

검색결과 43건 처리시간 0.026초

$AB_2$계 수소저장합금의 전극특성에 미치는 Cr, La 첨가 효과 및 표면 불화처리 효과 (Electrode characteristics of $AB_2$ type hydrogen storage alloy modified by Cr, La addition and fluorination)

  • 장일;이병호;조원일;장호;조병원;윤경석
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 1998
  • Ni-MH 전지의 음극으로 쓰이는 수소저장합금(MH)의 한 종류인 $AB_2$계 합금은 수소저장량이 큰 장점이 있으나 초기활성화나 싸이클 수명 및 자기방전 특성이 나쁜 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Zr-Ti-V-Mn-Ni계 합금에 비화학양론적으로 Cr을 소량 첨가했을 때와 La을 첨가하여 불화처리 했을 때의 초기활성화, 싸이클 수명 및 자기방전에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다 EPMA 및 SEM을 이용하여 합금의 표면을 분석하였으며 XRD 분석으로 결정구조를 관찰하였다. 또한 합금으로 전극을 제조하여 정전류 시험법, 임피던스법과 전위주사법 등에 의해 전극특성을 조사하였다. Cr이 첨가될수록 전극표면에 안정한 산화막이 형성되어 V등의 전해질로의 용해를 막아주어 충, 방전에 따른 수명특성 및 자기방전 특성을 향상시키지만 초기 전하이동 반응이 저해되어 초기활성화 특성이 악화되었다. La을 첨가 후 불화처리하면 표면에 반응성이 좋은 입자를 형성하여 전극의 초기 활성화가 크게 향상되었다.

용융탄산염 연료전지용 Ni-Al 합금 anode의 소결 및 creep 특성 (Sintering and Creep Characteristics of the Ni-Al Alloy Anode for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells)

  • 오인환;한재일;윤성필;임태훈;남석우;하흥용;홍성안
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2002
  • 기존 Ni-10w/o Cr 연료극과 성능은 대등하면서 creep 저항성이 뛰어난 연료극을 제조하기 위하여 Ni-5w/o Al 합금 연료극의 제조 공정을 연구하였다. 소성 분위기에 따라 완전산화 방법과 부분산화 방법으로 나누어 제조된 전극들의 미세구조 변화를 관찰하였으며, 실험 결과 부분산화 방법으로 제조한 Ni-5w/o Al 합금 연료극이 가장 우수한 소결 및 creep 저항성을 나타내었다. 이는 연료극이 산화물 분산강화 구조를 갖기 때문으로 부분산화 방법으로 제조한 Ni-5w/o Al 합금 연료극을 장착한 단전지의 경우 기계적 안정성 및 전극 안정성이 향상되었다.

Ni-Cr계 합금을 이용한 박막저항의 제작 및 신뢰성 (Fabrication and Reliability Properties of Ni-Cr Alloy Thin Film Resistors)

  • 이봉주
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2008
  • From the progressing results, it was found that thin film using 52 wt% Ni - 38 wt% Cr - 3 wt% Al - 4 wt% Mn - 3 wt% Si target has good characteristics for low TCR (temperature coefficients of resistance) and high resistivity. The optimum sputtering condition was DC 250 W, 5 mtorr, and 50 sccm and the proper annealing condition was $350^{\circ}C$/3.5 hr in air atmosphere. At these fabricated conditions, thin film resistors with TCR values of less than ${\pm}10ppm/^{\circ}C$ were obtained. The TCR of the packaged-samples made at proper fabrication conditions was $-3{\sim}15ppm/^{\circ}C$ after the thermal cycling and $-20{\sim}180ppm/^{\circ}C$ after PCT (pressure cooker test), we could confirm reliability for the thin film resistor and find the need for enduring research about packaging method.

3원계 Ni-Cr-Si 스퍼터 박막의 제조공정 변화에 따른 전기적 특성 (The effect of the process parameters on the electrical properties of Ni-Cr-Si alloy thin film resistor)

  • 이붕주;박구범;육재호;조기선;남광우;박종관;유도현;이덕출
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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    • pp.1470-1472
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    • 2002
  • 3원계 51wt%Ni-4lwt%Cr-8wt%Si 합금 타겟을 가지고 DC/RF 마그네트론 스퍼터를 이용하여 박막저항을 제조하였고, 낮은 저항온도계수(TCR)를 가지는 박막을 만들기 위해 제조공정의 변화에 따른 박막의 미세구조와 전기적인 특성을 조사하였다. 스퍼터링 제조공정 변수로써 DC/RF Power, 반응압력, 기판온도를 변화시켰고, 제조된 박막은 공기중에서 $400[^{\circ}C]$까지 열처리 하였다. 반응압력을 감소시킴에 따라 TCR값은 감소하였고, 기판온도 및 열처리 온도의 증가에 따라 TCR값도 증가하였다. 또한, 비저항은 DC Power에서 $172[{\mu}{\Omega}cm]$, RF인 경우에는 $209[{\mu}{\Omega}cm]$을 나타내었고, 각각 +52, $-25[ppm/^{\circ}C]$의 TCR값을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 제조공정을 변화시킴에 따라 면저항 및 저항온도계수의 제어가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

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MODIFICATION OF METAL MATERIALS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE PULSED PLASMA FLUXES IRRADIATION

  • Vladimir L. Yakushin;Boris A. Kalin;Serguei S. Tserevitionov
    • 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국표면공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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    • pp.1-1
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    • 2000
  • The results of the modification of metal materials treated by high temperature pulst:d plasma fluxes (HTlPPF) with a specific power of incident flux changing in the $(3...100)10^5{]\;}W/cm^2$ range and a pulse duration lying from 15 to $50{\;}\mu\textrm{s}$ have been presented. The results of HTPPF action were studied on the stainless steels of 18Cr-l0Ni, 16Cr- 15Ni, 13Cr-2Mo types; on the structural carbon steels of (13...35)Cr, St. 3, St. 20, St. 45 types; on the tool steels of U8, 65G, ShHI5 types, and others; on nickel and high nickel alloy of 20Cr-45Ni type; on zirconium- and vanadium-base alloys and other materials. The microstructure and properties (mechanical, tribological, erosion, and other properties) of modified materials and surface alloying of metals exposed to HTPPF action have been investigated. It was found that the modification of materials by HTPPF resulted in a simultaneous increase of several properties of the treated articles: microhardness of the surface and layers of 40...60 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in depth, tribological characteristics (friction coefficient, wear resistance), mechanical properties ({\sigma_y}, {\;}{\sigma_{0.2}}.{\;}{\sigma_r}) on retention of the initial plasticity ($\delta$), corrosion resistance, radistanation erosion under ion irradiation, and others. The determining factor of the changes observed is the structural-phase modification of the near-surface layers, in particular, the formation of the fine cellular structure in the near-surface layers at a depth of $20{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ with dimension of cells changing in the range from 0.1 to $1., 5{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, depending on the kind of material, its preliminary treatment, and the parameters of plasma fluxes. The remits obtained have shown the possibility of purposeful surface alloying of metals exposed to HTPPF action over a depth up to 20...45 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and the concentration of alloying element (Ni, Cr, V) up to 20 wt.%. Possible industrial brunches for using the treatment have been also considered, as well as some results on modifying the serial industrial articles by HTPPF.

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Fabrication of Low Carbon Steel Coated with 18%Cr-2.5%Ni-Fe Powder by Laser Cladding and Its Application on Plastic Injection Mold for Aluminum Diecasting

  • Kim, Cheol-Woo;Yoo, Hyo-Sang;Cho, Kyun-Taek;Jeon, Jae-Yeol;Choi, Se-Weon;Kim, Young-Chan
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.601-607
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    • 2021
  • Laser cladding a surface treatment process that grants superior characteristics such as toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance to the surface, and rebuilds cracked molds; as such, it can be a strong tool to prolong service life of mold steel. Furthermore, compared with the other similar coating processes - thermal spray, etc., laser cladding provides superior bonding strength and precision coating on a local area. In this study, surface characteristics are studied after laser cladding of low carbon steel using 18%Cr-2.5%Ni-Fe powder (Rockit404), known for its high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. A diode laser with wavelength of 900-1070 nm is adopted as laser source under argon atmosphere; electrical power for the laser cladding process is 5, 6, and 10 kW. Fundamental surface characteristics such as crossectional microstructure and hardness profile are observed and measured, and special evaluation, such as a soldering test with molten ALDC12 alloy, is conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance characteristics. As a result of the die-soldering test by immersion of low carbon alloy steel in ALDC12 molten metal, the clad layer's soldering thickness decreases.

용융탄산염 연료전지용 in-situ 소결된 Ni-Al 합금 연료극 개발 (Development of in-situ Sintered Ni-Al Alloy Anode for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell)

  • 천현아;윤성필;한종희;남석우;임태훈
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.124-131
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    • 2006
  • 기존의 용융탄산염 연료전지용 연료극인 Ni-Cr전극은 제조과정이 복잡하며, 운전조건에서 전극의 소결과 creep현상으로 인하여 전극의 기공률과 두께가 감소하는 문제점이 있어 상용화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cr계 전극보다 creep저항성이 우수하다고 알려져 있는 Ni-Al계 합금을 사용하였다. 또한 공정의 단순화로 비용을 절감시키기 위해, 소성과정을 제외하고 tape casting과 건조과정을 거친 green sheet를 단위전지에 장착하여 전처리 과정 중에 소결시키는 in-situ 소결법에 대해 연구하였다. 그러나 기존의 전처리 방법을 이용한 단위전지 평가에서 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상으로 인해 기대하였던 creep저항성 향상을 확인하지 못했고, 운전중 Ni-Al합금 연료극에 단위전지의 구성요소인 matrix 기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$)이 다량 생성되어 전해질 재분배를 일으켜 성능이 하락하는 문제점이 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 전처리 조건을 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 비활성 기체인 질소를 일정한 구간에 사용함으로써 기존 전처리에서 발생하였던 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상을 억제할 수 있었으며 이로 인해 creep저항성 또한 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 운전 중 생성되는 matrix기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$) 형성비율은 억제할 수 없었다. 위의 전처리 조건을 가지고 단위전지 운전실험을 하였고, 전해질 함침비율을 조절함에 따라 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었으며 2000시간 동안 일정하게 유지함을 확인하였다. 이로부터 기존의 소성전극과 비교하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 in-situ 소결법의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.14-14
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    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

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열간압연 된 Fe55Co17.5Ni10Cr12.5Mo5 고엔트로피합금의 소둔 조건에 따른 기계적 특성 변화 (Annealing Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled Fe55Co17.5Ni10Cr12.5Mo5 High-Entropy Alloy)

  • 박해돈;배동화;원종우;문종언;김형섭;설재복;성효경;배재웅;김정기
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 2022
  • Although the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys depend on the annealing conditions, limited works were established to investigate the annealing effect on the mechanical properties of Mo-added high-entropy alloys. Therefore, in the present work, the annealing effects on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Mo-added high-entropy alloy were investigated. As a result, incomplete recrystallization from the limited annealing time not only suppresses deformation-induced phase transformation during cryogenic tensile test but also induces a deformation instability that results into the ductility reduction compare with the fully recrystallized sample. This result represents adjustment of annealing time is useful to control both transformation-induce plasticity and deformation instability of high-entropy alloys, and this can be applied to control the mechanical properties of metallic alloys by combining pre-straining and subsequent annealing.

EFFECT OF PROCESS CONTROL AGENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ni-BASED ODS SUPERALLOY PRODUCED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING AND SINTERING

  • JU-YEON HAN;HYUNJI KANG;SUNG-TAG OH
    • Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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    • 제64권3호
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    • pp.949-952
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    • 2019
  • The effects of different types of process control agents (PCA) on the microstructure evolution of Ni-based oxide dispersion-strengthened superalloy have been investigated. Alloy synthesis was performed on elemental powders having a nominal composition of Ni-15Cr-4.5Al-4W-2.5Ti-2Mo-2Ta-0.15Zr-1.1Y2O3 in wt % using high energy ball milling for 5 h. The prepared powders are consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1000℃. Results indicated that the powder ball-milled with ethanol as PCA showed large particle size, low carbon content and homogeneous distribution of elemental powders compared with the powder by stearic acid. The sintered alloy prepared by ethanol as PCA exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with fine precipitates at the grain boundaries. The microstructural characteristics have been discussed on the basis of function of the PCA.