• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1253-1264
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• 2015

This study assessed the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating Chinese cabbage. Struvite deposit was compared with commercial fertilizers: complex, organic and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test obviously presented that the struvite deposit more facilitated the growth of Chinese cabbage than organic and compost fertilizers even though complex fertilizer was the most effective in growing Chinese cabbage. It was revealed that the growth rate of Chinese cabbage was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Also, the nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Specifically, P was the most abundant component in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, the utilization of struvite as a fertilizer led to the lower accumulation of chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) than other pots, except for compost fertilizer pots, and no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the Chinese cabbage. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for the cultivation of Chinese cabbage was 2.0 g struvite/kg soil. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for Chinese cabbage cultivation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3088-3092
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• 2013

A novel PVC membrane sensor for perindopril based on perindopril-phosphotungstate ion pair complex was prepared. The influence of membrane composition (i.e. percent of PVC, plasticizer, ion-pair complex, and kind of plasticizer), inner solution, pH of test solution and foreign cations on the electrode performance was investigated. The optimized membrane demonstrates Nernstian response ($30.9{\pm}1.0$ mV per decade) for perindopril cations over a wide linear range from $9.0{\times}10^{-7}$ to $1{\times}10^{-2}$ M at $25^{\circ}C$. The potentiometric response is independent of the pH in the range of 4.0-9.5. The proposed sensor has the advantages of easy preparation, fast response time. The selectivity coefficients indicate excellent selectivity for perindopril over many common cations (e.g., $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, rhamnose, maltose, glycine and benzamide. The practical applications of this electrode was demonstrated by measuring the concentrations of perindopril in pure solutions and pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.108-112
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• 1984

Interactions between metal ions and chitosan in solution were studied by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements. $Cu^{++}$-chitosan complex exhibited an absorption band at 265 nm, whereas D-glucosamine complex showed one at 245 nm. The difference in ${\lambda}_{max}$ was attributed to the different amine to $Cu^{2+}$ ratios of the complexes, that is, 2 : 1 for chitosan and 1 : 1 for D-glucosamine. The molar absorptivities and binding constants of the complexes were evaluatatled. The binding of $Cu^{2+}$ to chitosan was cooperative near pH 5, and both intra- and intermolecular chelations depending on chitosan and $Cu^{2+}$concentrations were observed, The intermolecular chelation was stabilized by addition of salts. The cooperative intermolecular chelation of $Ni^{++}$ was also observed at pH 6.2. No significant binding of other divalent ions was observed. The reported high adsorption abilities of chitosan particles for these ions were attributed to the deposition of metal hydroxide aggregates in pores of chitosan particles rather than chelation to amine groups.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.269-280
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• 2018

This paper reports the results of field evaluation to determine the levels of heavy metals in major industrial complexes in Korea over a seven year period (2007~2013). The measurement of heavy metal was conducted using quartz fiber filter sampling and ICP-AES analysis. In order to validate the analytical performance of these methods, studies were also carried out to investigate data quality control(QC) parameters, such as the method detection limit (MDL), repeatability, and recovery efficiencies. The average concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) for the nine industrial complexes in Korea were $104{\sim}169{\mu}g/m^3$, which was higher than other industrial complexes and urban areas. The Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes were shown to be the biggest contributing sources to high TSP emission ($159{\mu}g/m^3$ and $169{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively). The concentrations of heavy metals in TSP were higher in the order of Fe>Cu>Zn, Pb, Mn>Cr, Ni, As and Cd. It was observed that Fe was the highest in the Gwangyang and Pohang steel industrial complexes. The concentrations of Zn and Pb were high in Onsan, Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes, and this was attributed to the emission from the nonferrous industry. Additionally, Cr and Ni concentrations were high in the Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes due to plating industry. On the other hand, Ulsan and Onsan industrial complexes showed high Cr and Ni concentrations as a response to the emission of metal industry related to automobile. The correlation analysis revealed the high correlation between Cr and Ni in plating industry from Sihwa and Banwol industrial complexes. Adding to this, components related to coal combustion and road dust showed high correlation in Pohang and Gwangyang industrial complexes. Then Onsan and Ulsan industrial complexes showed high correlation among components related to the nonferrous metals.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.709-719
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• 1992

We synthesized the binuclear tetradentate Schiff base cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes such as [Co(II)_2(TSBP)(L)_4], [Ni(II)_2(TSBP)(II)_4] and [Cu(II)_2(TSBP)] (TSBP: 3,3',4,4'-tetra(salicylideneimino)-1,1'-biphenyl, L: Py, DMSO and DMF). We identified the binucleated structure of these complexes by elemental analysis, IR-spectrum, UV-visible spectrum, T.G.A. and D.S.C. According to the results for cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse polarogram of 1 mM complexes in nonaqueous solvents included 0.1M TEAP-L (L; Py, DMSO and DMF) as supporting electrolyte, it was found that diffusionally controlled redox processes of four steps through with one electron for binucleated Schiff base Cobalt(II) complex was Co(III)_2 {^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(III)Co(II)_2{^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(II){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(I){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(I)_2 and two steps with one electron for Nickel(II) and Copper(II) complexes were M(II)_2 {^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}M(I)M(I){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}M(I)_2 (M; Ni and Cu) in nonaqueous solvents.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2010

A relation between antimicrobial activities and the formation constants of solid complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with tridentate Schiff base ligand, 4-hydroxy-3(1-{2-(benzylideneamino)-phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methyl-2Hpyran-2-one (HL) derived from o-phenylene diamines, dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and p-chloro benzaldehyde have been studied. The ligand and metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, IR, $^1H$-NMR, UV-vis and mass spectra. From the analytical data, the stiochiometry of the complexes was found to be 1:2 (metal:ligand) with octahedral geometry. The molar conductance values suggest the nonelectrolytic nature of metal complexes. The X-ray diffraction data suggests monoclinic crystal system for Ni(II) and orthorhombic crystal system for Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes. The IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as tridentate ligand with ONN donor atoms sequence towards central metal ion. Thermal behavior (TG/DTA) and kinetic parameters calculated by Coats-Redfern method suggests more ordered activated state in complex formation. The protonation constants of the complexes were determined potentiometrically in THF:water (60:40) medium at $25^{\circ}C$ and ionic strength ${\mu}=0.1\;M$ ($NaClO_4$). Antibacterial activities in vitro were performed against Staphylococcus aureu and Escherichia coli. Antifungal activities were studied against Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma. The effect of the metal ions and stabilities of complexes on antimicrobial activities are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 1984

The adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions $(Ni^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$) on domestic activated carbon which manufactured from the wood, waste rubber and coal has been studied. The following conclusions were obtained by investigating the effect of pH, halides, cyanide and temperature on the absorption of heavy metal ions and by determining absorption rate and absorption isotherms. When heavy metal ions were adsorbed on activated carbon in the pH range from 6 to 7, treated heavy metal ions were almost come to the equilibrium and recovered in the form of complex anions such as $MX_4^{2- }$and $M(CN)_4^{2-}$ in an hour. The absorption isotherms of heavy matel ions were well fitted in Freundlich's equation. Heavy metal complex anions on activated carbon were easily eluted by using 0.1N HCl solution. These results suggest that the complex anions have unexpectedly strong affinity for the surface of activated carbon.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.688-692
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• 2002

The aminomethylation of phenols with para-substituents by the Mannich reaction has successfully been accomplished to produce the Mannich bases 2-6. The compounds 7-8 have also been synthesized in order to identify the effect of the side arms and t he macrocycle in the complex formation. Protonation constants and stability constants of the double armed diaza-18-crown-6 ethers 2-7 with metal ions have been determined by potentiometric method at 25 $^{\circ}C$ in 95 % methanol solution. Under a basic condition (pH > 8.0), the double-armed crown ethers 2-6 revealed stronger interaction with divalent metal ions than the simple diazacrown ether 1. The stability constants with these metal ions were Co 2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+ > Zn 2+ in increasing order, which are in accordance with the order of the Williams-Irving series. The stability constants with alkali earth metal ions were Ca 2+ < Sr 2+ < Ba 2+ in increasing order, which may be explained by the concept of size effect. It is noteworthy that the hosts 2-6, which have phenolic side arms and a macrocycle, bind stronger with metal ions than the hosts 1 and 7. On the other hand, the host 8, which has phenolic side arms with a pyperazine ring,provided comparable stability constants to those with the host 3. These facts demonstrate that phenolic side arms play a more important role than the azacrown ether ring in the process of making a complex with metal ions especially in a basic condition. In particular, the log KML values for complexation of divalent metal ions with the hosts 2-6 had the sequence, i.e., 2 (R=OCH3) < 3 (R=CH3) < 4 (R=H) < 5 (R=Cl) < 6 (R=CF3). The stability constants of the hosts 5 and 6 containing an electron-withdrawing group are larger than those of the hosts 2 and 3 containing an electron-donating group. This substituent effect is attributed to the solvent effect in which the aryl oxide with an electron-donating group has a tendency to be tied strongly with protic solvents.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

Acid-labile subunit (ALS) is a component of the 150-kDa insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) complex, which, by sequestering the majority of IGFs-I and -II and thereby prolonging the half-life of them in plasma, serves as a circulating reservoir of IGFs in mammalian species. A pGEX-2T plasmid and a baculovirus expression constructs harboring a coding sequence for glutathione-S transferase (GST)-porcine ALS (pALS) fusion protein were expressed in BL21(DE3) E. coli and Sf9 insect cells, respectively. The expressed protein was purified by glutathione or Ni-NTN affinity chromatography, followed by cleavage of the fusion protein using Factor Xa. In addition, pALS and hIGFBP-3 were also produced in small amounts in the Xenopus oocyte expression system which does not require any purification procedure. A 65-kDa pALS polypeptide was obtained following the prokaryotic expression and the enzymatic digestion, but biochemical characterization of this polypeptide was precluded because of an extremely low expression efficiency. The baculovirus-as well as Xenopus-expressed pALS exhibited the expected molecular mass of 85 kDa which was reduced into 75 and 65 kDa following deglycosylation of Asn-linked carbohydrates by Endo-F glycosidase, indicating that the expressed pALS was properly glycosylated. Moreover, irrespective of the source of pALS, the recombinant pALS and hIGFBP-3 formed a 130-kDa binary complex which could be immunoprecipitated by anti-hIGFBP-3 antibodies. Collectively, results indicate that an authentic pALS protein can be produced by the current expression systems.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 1974

Adsorption mechanism of alkyl aldehydes, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde on cations supported by layer silicates was studied by means of IR spectroscopy and X-ray. An analysis of four characteristic split bands in the region of $1720∼1580㎝^{-1}$ was made. The carbonyl stretching band which shifted about $130㎝^{-1}$ to lower frequencies was observed only for $Ni^{2+}$ and Al^{3+}$ but slightly with $Ca^{2+}$ at high sample temperature and was attributed to >C=O…M complex formation. A sharp band which appeared as a shoulder at 1722 for acetaldehyde and 1690 for acrolein and crotonaldehyde was responsible for the interaction of carbonyl with surface hydroxyl. The second broad band which appeared at about 1710~1660 was responsible for hydrogen bonding between carbonyl oxygen and cationic hydroxyl group. The third band which appeared at about 1640~1660 was attributed to induced >C=C< double bond due to the strong carbonyl interaction. This was supported by the interlamellar spacings obtained by X-ray diffractometry.