• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.23 no.7 s.166
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• pp.1075-1084
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• 1999

The family of unidirectional continuous fiber reinforced polymeric composites are currently used in automotive bumper beams and load floors. The material properties and mechanical characteristics of the compression molded parts are determined by the curing behavior, fiber orientation and formation of knit lines, which are in turn determined by the mold filling parameters. In this paper, a new model is presented which can be used to predict the 3-dimensional flow under consideration of the slip of mold-composites and anisotropic viscosity of composites during compression molding of unidirectional fiber reinforced thermoplastics for isothermal state. The composites is treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The effects of longitudinal/transverse viscosity ratio A and slip parameter $\alpha$ on the buldging phenomenon and mold filling patterns are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2095-2100
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• 2003

This Experimental study concerns the characteristics of vortex flow in a concentric annulus with a diameter ration of 0.52, whose outer cylinder is stationary and inner one is rotating. Pressure losses and skin-friction coefficients have been measured for fully developed flow of bentonite-water solution(5%) when the inner cylinder rotates at the speed $0{\sim}400rpm$. The results of present study reveal the relation of the bulk flow Reynolds number Re and Rossby number $R_o$ With respect to the skin friction coefficients. The effect of rotation on the skin friction coefficient is significantly dependent on the flow regime. In all flow regime, the skin friction coefficient is increased by the inner cylinder rotation. The critical (bulk flow) Reynolds number $Re_c$ decreases as the rotational speed increases. Thus, the rotation of the inner cylinder promotes the onset of transition due to the excitation of Taylor vortices.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 1995

For the screening of a new functional exopolysaccharide, sugar composition and rheological properties of exopolysaccharide produced from Xanthomonas sp. EPS-1 were investigated. The average molecular weight of exopolysaccharide was determined to be approximately 2.l $\times$ 10$^{6}$ dalton. The new exopolysaccharide EPS-1 was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and gluco- samine. IR analysis showed that the exopolysaccharide EPS-1 was assumed to be polymer with carbohydrates. NMR analysis showed that exopolysaccharide EPS-1 was presumed to be 4 units of sugar and trace of CH$_{3}$ group. Exopolysaccharide EPS-1 solution showed a characteristic of non-Newtonian fluid properties. At the concentration of 1.0%, the consistency index and the flow behavior index were shown at 10.8352 poise-sec and 0.4419, respectively. All dispersions were pseudoplastic fluids described accurately by Power-law model. Exopolysaccharide EPS-1 was highly viscous at low concentration, with good stability over a wide range of pH 5 to 13. The excellent compatibility of exopolysaccharide EPS-1 was represented with salts such as sodium chloride.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.452-462
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• 1985

The axisymmetric forward extrusion is analyzed by using the rigid-plastic finite element formulation. The distribution of stresses and strains as well as the deformation pattern in solid extrusion is very important for the improvement of product quality. The initial velocity field is determined by assuming the material as a Newtonian fluid through an arbitrarily shaped axisymmetric die. The workhardening effect and the friction of the die-material interface are considered in the formulation. Some reduction of area and die shapes(conical and biquadratic-curved) are chosen for computation. Experiments are carried out for steel alloy(SCM4) specimens using conical and curved dies. It is found that experimental observation is in good agreement with FEM results. The strain distribution is curved(biquadratic) dies is shown to be more uniform than in conical dies at the same reduction of area.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.747-752
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• 2003

Many clinical studies have suggested that the blood flow in ideal geometry is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. This study simulated blood flow in the abdominal artery with real geometry to investigate MWSS(mean wall shear stress), AWSS(amplitude of wall shear stress) and OSI(oscillator shear index). The calculation grid for the real geometry was constructed by extracting the surface of arterial wall from CT(Computed Tomography) or MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) sheets called as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicines). The calculated MWSS, AWSS and OSI are much different from those of ideal geometry calculation. The MWSS increased while the AWSS decreased. Many shear forces are related to shapes of gradient. This paper will give clinical datum where the MWSS, AWSS and OSI are strong or weak. The hemodynamic analysis based on real geometry can provide surgeons with more reliable information about the effect of blood flow.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1999

The compression molding is widely used in the automotive industry to produce products that are large, thin, lightweight and stiff. The molded product is formed by squeezing a fiber-reinforced plastic composites. During a molding process of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, control of filling patterns in mold, orientation and distribution of fibers are needed to predict the effects of molding parameters on the flow characteristics. It is the objective of this paper to develop an isothermal compression molding simulation that can handle both thin and thick charges and motion of the flow front, and can predict pressure distributions and accurate velocity gradients. The composites are treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The effects of slip parameter $\alpha$ and extensional/shear viscosity ratio $\zeta$ on the mold filling parameters are also discussed.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

The slotted plate technique has previously been shown to be a successful method for directly measuring the static yield stress of suspensions. In this study, we further establish the usefulness of the slotted plate device as a rheometer especially at low shear rates, taking advantage of the extremely low speeds of the slotted plate technique. Newtonian fluids, a shear thinning fluid, and yield stress fluids were tested using the slotted plate device and the results were compared with those from a commercial rheometer using different standard flow geometries. The relationship between the stress on the plate and the viscosity for the slotted plate device obtained by dimensional analysis (drag) predicts a linear relationship between the force at the plate and the plate speed, consistent with the experimental data. The slotted plate device can measure viscosities at very low shear rates. The apparent viscosity - shear-rate data obtained from the slotted plate device are complementary to those obtained using a commercial rheometer. That is : the slotted plate can measure viscosity in the shear rate range $10^{-7}<\dot{\gamma}<10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$, while the commercial rheometer measures viscosity at shear rates higher than $10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2005

A theoretical model is proposed in order to investigate rheological behavior of bubble suspension with large deformation. Theoretical constitutive equations for dilute bubble suspensions are derived by applying a deformation theory of ellipsoidal droplet [1] to a phenomenological suspension theory [2]. The rate of deformation tensor within the bubble and the time evolution of interface tensor are predicted by applying the proposed constitutive equations, which have two free fitting parameters. The transient and steady rheological properties of dilute bubble suspensions are studied for several capillary numbers (Ca) under simple shear flow and uniaxial elongational flow fields. The retraction force of the bubble caused by the interfacial tension increases as bubbles undergo deformation. The transient and steady relative viscosity decreases as Ca increases. The normal stress difference (NSD) under the simple shear has the largest value when Ca is around 1 and the ratio Of the first NSD to the second NSD has the value of 3/4 for large Ca but 2 for small Ca. In the uniaxial elongational flow, the elongational viscosity is three times as large as the shear viscosity like the Newtonian fluid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.300-303
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• 2010

The present study investigates the flow characteristics of simulant gel propellant(carbopol 0.5%wt) in a variety of injectors. Rheological data for gel propellant has been measured and injector flow characteristics for plain-orifice, chamfered-orifice and venturi type injector have been numerically analyzed. The apparent viscosity of plain-orifice and chamfered-orifice have tendency to increase along axial direction, whereas for venturi type injector, low viscosity has been achieved in the injector flow. This phenomenon was clearly pronounced as Reynolds number is increased.