• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.1 s.66
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• pp.85-97
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of sodium fluoride on the bony repair and regeneration processes after the rapid palatal expansion in the growing dogs. Eighteen dogs were divided into experimental and control groups. They were in the late mixed dentition. The rapid Palatal expansion was undertaken in all the animals($180^{\circ}$ turn/day) for ten days. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15 and 45 days after the finish of expansion. One mg NaF/kg of body weight/day were given orally to the experimental group. Blood samples were drawn before and after expansion and the se겨m calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase level were measured. The undecalcified bone section of midpalatal suture area was made, and observed under the light microscopy The results were as follows ; 1. The day after expansion, the infiltration of inflammatory cells were prominent and the new bone formation started at the edges of the two palatal plates bodering the midpalatal suture in both groups. Especially, the newly formed osteoid were very extensive and the osteoblasts lining the osteoid were very active in the experimental group. 2. At fifteen days after expansion, the active osteoblasts lining the osteold at the surface of trabecular bony spicules and active new bone formation were observed in the both groups. However, the cellular activity and new bone formation were more prominent In the experimental group. 3. At forty five days after expansion, the continuous osteoid and new bone formation and active osteoblasts were observed in the experimental group. But these phenomena were not observed in the control group. In the control group, the numerous osteoclasts were adjacent midpalatal suture and the bony remodeling process was begun. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was maintained highly in the experimental group, but decreased in the control. According to the above results, the author reached the conclusion that sodium fluoride has the stimulation effects on the osteoid production of the osteoblasts during the healing process after the rapid Palatal expansion more continuously.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 1989

Sand fish, Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner) is distributed in the coastal waters of East Sea of Korea, Japan, and Alaska. On December 1, 1987, matured adult of sand fish were collected from the shore of Ok-kye, Myongju-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. The authors carried out artificial insemination on boat. The fertilized eggs were incubated and the larvae were reared in laborato교. The eggs of this species were demersal and adhesive, and their diameter were varied within $3.1\~3.4$mm (mean 3.3 mm, n= 10). They have a number of small oil globules. The spawned eggs in nature were formed the egg mass which were measured ca. 4 m in dia-meter. The hatching took place in 65 days after fertilization at the water temperature of $8.7\~12.3^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were $8.5\~10.2$ mm in total length with 11 (abdominal) +40 (caudal) = 51 myomeres. 24 days after hatching, the larva attained 19.4 mm in total length, at this time the larvae absorbed the yolk completely, and become postlarvae. 32 days after hatching, the larva attained 23.4 mm in total length, and become juvenile. 56 days after hatching, the juvenile reached 29.9 mm in total length and had adult form. 5 spines of preopercle bone were formed at 24.4 mm in total length. At ca. 15 mm in total length, the form of the pectoral fin was transformed into the adult form.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.867-882
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• 1997

Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius $Linn\acute{e}$ has been traditionally used for the treatment of blood stasis, and Dipsasi Radix has been used as a drug for fracture in Chinese medicine. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of safflower extract and Disasi radix extracts on the periodontal. ligament cells and osteoblastic cells and on the wound healing of rat calvarial defect. The ethanolic extract of safflower blossom, safflower seed and Dipsasi Radix(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were prepared as test group, and PDGF-BB(lOng/ml) and unsafonifiable fraction of Zea Mays L.(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were employed as positive control. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, expression of PDGF-BB receptor, chemotactic response of PDL cell and ATCC human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro were examined. The tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 3 different dosages groups : 0.02, 0.1 and 0.35g/kg, per day. It was also employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L. as positive controls. Safflower blossom extract, safflower seed extract, and Dipsasi Radix extract stimulate the cellular activity of MG63 cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$, and safflower bolssom extract and safflower seed extract stimulate also the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $250-500{\mu}g/ml$. In activity of ALPase, $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts showed significant stimulating effects on MG63 cells, and the same concentration range of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In the recovery on PDGF-BB receptor expression which was depressed by $IL-1{\beta}$, $125-250{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant increasing effect on MG63 cells, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extract and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In chemotactic response, among all tested group, safflower seed extracts only were chemotactic to MG63 cells and periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$. Also in the view of bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect model, the only group that was orally administrated 0.35g/kg, day of safflower seed extract showed significant new bone formation. These results suggested that safflower extracts might have a potential possibilities as an useful drug for adjunct to treatment for regeneration of periodontal defect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.455-467
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• 1996

This study was designed to evaluate the expression of type I collagen in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat incisors. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and experimental groups(18 rats) where a force(75g) from helical springs across the maxillary incisors was applied. Experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And tissue slides of control and experimental groups were studied histologically and immunohistochemically by LSAB(Labelled streptavidine Biotin) immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. The results were as follows: 1. Until 28-day after force application, periodontal fibers were strectched on the tension side, and compressed in pressure side, and the arrangement of periodontal fibers was not recovered by that time. 2. The degree of type I collagen expression in control group was rare in the oral epithelium, predentin, pulp and periodontal ligament, but was mildly positive in osteoblasts, acellular cementum, cementoblasts, intermaxillary suture. 3. At acellular cementum of experimental group, the expression of type I collagen was moderate in 1-day and severe in 7-day, which was maintained until 28-day. 4. Type I collagen was observed in the newly formed fibrous connective tissue and osteoblasts at intermaxillary suture, moderately in 1-day, and severely in 14-day. 5. The tension side of periodontal ligament showed a more positive expression of type I collagen than the pressure side in 4-day. The degree was highest in 7-day and was not differentiated between sides in 14-day. 6. In the side wall of bone matrix on which osteoblasts were attached, type I collagen was expressed severely, especially in 7-day. From the above findings, we could suggest that bone remodeling in tooth movement be intimately related to the cell differentiation and the resulting formation of type I collagen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.277-290
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• 2008

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.