• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.543-547
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• 2004

Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV)-loaded chitosan microspheres (NDV-CM) were prepared. Stimulatory effects of these NDV-CM on antibody response compared to free NDV were examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with virus vaccine resulted in higher number of cells compared to saline-treated control. Both NDV and NDV-CM induced secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in dose dependent manner and the secretion of IL-1 by NDV-CM was delayed compared to free NDV. Irrespective of vaccine formulation, NDV subunit antigen was not effective in preventing mortality of the birds after challenge. However, CM loaded with NDV made of whole viron had antibody responses and protection similar to those shown by ND-K, a commercial inactivated oilemulsion vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2019

Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious poultry disease that caused high mortality and reduced egg production. NDVs are regularly present in the domestic duck population. And ducks play a possible role in the maintenance and transmission of NDVs. While we were monitoring the Avian Influenza, NDVs were isolated from field samples by accident. So we analysed the biological and genetic characteristics of these viruses. Lentogenic NDVs were isolated from two farms among twenty breeder duck farms. The ages of ducks were 39 weeks old in the 'A' farm and 3~72 weeks old in the 'B' farm. And they were not inoculated with the NDVs vaccine. In the biological characteristics, the both viruses which separated from the farm 'A' and 'B' were thermostable. The amino acid sequence of a site from 112 to 119 in the fusion (F) protein was 'GKQGRLIG' which has monobasic motif in the samples of both farms. And this means the separated NDVs are lentogenic. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by entire nucleotide sequence of F protein. The virus strains from the A farm (MN095239) and the B farm (MN095240) belonged to class II genotype I. Using the analysis of whole F protein nucleic acid sequence, the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with Ulster strain about 99.95% and the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with KR/CK/KU_LBM255/09 strain about 99.89%. NDV surveillance is needed to investigate epidemiological relationship of domestic breeder duck isolates in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.371-379
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• 2006

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus, which has been classified as a member of the Avulavirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is also one of the most important pathogens in the poultry industry. The glycoproteins, fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), determine the virulence of NDV, and the relevant molecular structures have already been determined. NDV isolates differ in terms of virulence, and at least 2 of 9 genotypes (I-IX) have been shown to co-circulate. Therefore, it is clearly important to differentiate between vaccine strains and field isolates. In vivo pathogenicity tests have been the standard protocol for some time, but molecular methods appear preferable in terms of the rapidity of diagnosis, as well as animal welfare concerns. In this study, we have designed primer sets from HN gene for phylogenetic analysis and restriction enzyme analysis, and from F gene for pathotype-specific RT-PCR. Via the combination of 2 methods, 106 Korean NDV isolates obtained from 1980 to 2005 were differentiated into vaccine strains, and virulent genotypes VI and VII. The genotype VI viruses were only rarely isolated after 1999, and genotype VII, after it was initially isolated from poultry in 1995, recurred in 2000, and then became the main NDV constituting a threat to the Korean poultry industry.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2006

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of poultry that can cause severe economic losses throughout the world. Vaccination has been used for a long time and proved as one of the most effective method to reduce the economic loss due to ND virus infection, The measurement of antibody titer such as hamagglutination-inhibition (Hl) test with sera has been used as a useful method to evaluate the immunity leve of host. However, Hl test is gradually being replaced by the enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), To evaluate the efficacy of ELISA in the chickens vaccinated with different procedure, present study has been performed. After SPF chicks and commercial broilers were vaccinated with different kinds of live vaccines such as V4, VG/GA and/or Bl at various time, the antibody level has been measured using both HI test and ELISA. Challenge test with velogenic viscerotropic NDV was also performed to measure the protective level of antibody. In the SPF chickens, the mean ELISA titer after vaccination and survival rate after challenge was increased and correlated with days post inoculation. More than 80% of chickens with higher than 1,000 ELISA titer after vaccination were survived after challenge with velogenic ND virus and had good correlation between survival rate and antibody titier. In commercial broiler chickens, most of them at market age had low level of ELISA titer regardless of the number of vaccination, and had a low correlation between survival rate and ELISA titer. However, the ELISA titer of remaining birds after challenge was increased. This result indicated that ELISA titer had good response against velogenic NOV infection compared to Hl titer.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.25.1-25.14
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• 2022

Background: The commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccines Objectives: This study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW). Methods: A challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain. Results: Chickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log₂) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log₂) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log₂ and 3log₂, respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc. Conclusions: The efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4383-4386
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• 2015

Background: The C1561T variant of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) gene is critical for natural methylfolylpolyglutamte (methylfolate) absorption, and has been associated with perturbations in folate metabolism and disease susceptibility. However, little is known on C1561T-GCPII as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Therefore, this study examined whether C1561T-GCPII influences folate metabolism and adenomatous polyp occurrence. Materials and Methods: 164 controls and 38 adenomatous polyp cases were analysed to determine blood folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, dietary intake of natural methylfolate, synthetic pteroylglutamic acid (PteGlu), vitamin C and C1561T-GCPII genotype. Results: In controls and cases, 7.3 and 18.4 percent of subjects respectively, were found to have the CT genotype, increasing the risk for adenomatous polyp occurrence 2.86 times (95% CI:1.37-8.0, p=0.035). Total dietary folate, methylfolate and PteGlu intake and the level of erythrocyte folate and plasma Hcy did not predict the occurrence of an adenomatous polyp. However, dietary natural vitamin C intake was associated with adenomatous polyp risk within C1561T-GCPII CT genotype subjects (p=0.037). Conclusions: The findings suggest that C1561T-GCPII variation may be associated with risk for adenomatous polyp, and vitamin C may modify risk by interacting with the variant gene, its expression product and/or folate substrates.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2022

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is the most effective means of controlling the disease, and these vaccines are commercialized only after their safety and effectiveness have been verified through tests that comply with Korean Standards of National Lot Release for Veterinary Biologics. This study investigated whether a relatively convenient and safe serological test can be used in place of the challenge test using highly virulent ND virus. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were considered positive of log₂ 2 or more and cutoff value of 200 or more, respectively, in both live and inactivated vaccines. However, when the antibody levels of the live and inactivated vaccines induced using the Ulster 2C, KBNP-C4152R2L, and K148/08 strains were compared, the antibody titers for inactivated vaccines were significantly higher than those for live vaccines in both the HI assay and ELISA. A strong positive correlation was observed between HI and ELISA antibody titers. The live vaccines corresponded to a survival rates of ≥ 80% and the inactivated vaccines corresponded to 100% survival rates. This study confirmed that standard efficacy tests can serve as serological tests, and can replace the challenge test and that the vaccine approval process can be improved.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 1991

An experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of spray vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND). Four different coarse sprayers and four different diluents were compared in particle size, immune response and respiratory reaction. The smaller particle size of sprayer was, the better efficacy was and the more respiratory reactions were appeared. Of four diluents, antibody responses and resistance to challenge were higher with skim milk and gelatin, respectively .When day-old broiler chicks with maternal antibodies were vaccinated by coarse. sprayer B with B$_1$strain diluted in 1% skim milk, they showed 100% protection at two weeks of age and 50% from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Another group which boostered at 2 weeks of age by drinking water vaccination showed 100%, 70%, 50%, 40% protection at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of age, respectively. Although spray vaccination against ND in this experiments showed similar efficacy, compared to conventional methods, this method may not be appropriate in our field condition because of respiratory vaccinal reaction.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.271-272
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• 2002

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines were produced from Vero cells by using lively attenuated virus strain. The MOI of 0.1.' serum concentration of 2%. initial pH of 8.0. and infection time of 3 days were found to be optimum conditions for vaccine production. The treatment of polycation enhanced the virus production. When ascorbic acid was added as an antioxidant, NDV production was also enhanced. Utilization of $CaCl_2$ showed an inhibitory effect on the propagation of NDV. It was also found the ammonium ion concentration higher than 4mM inhibited virus production. Thus ammonium ion removal system was tried for the efficient production of NDV vaccine.