• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.133-149
• /
• 1997

4-week repeated dose toxicity of DA-5018, a new capsaicin analogue analgesic agent, was examined in 5D rats at dosage levels of 0,0.4,2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day. DA-5018 was administered orally to 17 males and 17 females per group at doses of 0, 10 and 50 mg/kg and to 12 males and 12 females per group at doses of 0.4 and 2 mg/kg. After the administration period, 5 males and 5 females at the 0, 10 and 50 mg/kg were placed on withdrawal for 2 weeks. Treatment-related clinical signs were observed at 10 and 50 mg/kg. Clinical signs observed immediately after the administration of DA-5018 were grooming, sedation or depression, lacrimation, atacia, reddening of extremities and ears, ventral or lateral recumvincy, respiratory distress, cyanosis and convulsion. Delayed-type clinical signs including focal scabbing and depilation around nose were also observed 1 or 2 weeks after the start of administration of DA-5018. Only at the 50 mg/kg group, corneal opacities, reduced body weight gain (male) and death (male 6/17, female 3/17) were noted. In blood biochemical analysis, serum levels of glucose and triglyceride decreased at 10 and 50 mg/kg. In hematological examination, there were increases in the number of red blood cell, hemoglobin content and percent of hematocrit at 10 and 50 mg/kg. Pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhagic spot, focal scabbing and depilation around nose and corneal opacities were seen at the necropsy of the animals died during the dosing of DA-5018 50 mg/kg. Focal scabbing and depilation around nose were observed in the animals terminally necropsied at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. Histopathological examination revealed pulmonary hemorrhage, focal necrosis in the scabbed area, corneal necrosis, fibrosis and neovasculization in the stroma. At 0.4 and 2 mg/kg, there were no significant toxic changes attributable to the administration of DA-5018. In conclusion, target organs following to 4-week repeated dose of DA-5018 in the rat were determined to be lung, skin and eyes. Definite toxic dose and no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) were estimated to be 50 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.379-387
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of Paenibacillus (R) polymyxa JB 115 and single oral dose toxicity of culture broth containing (${\beta}$-glucan (CBG-JB 115) produced from P. polymyxa JB 115 in Sprague-Dawely rats of both sexes for 14 days. After oral administration of P. polymyxa JB 115 into rats, we could not find any abnormal clinical signs and variation in the body weight and temperature as compared with control group. We also investigated the acute toxicity of CBG-JB 115. As the results, there were no clinical signs and variance in the body weight and temperature related with CBG-JB 115 in comparison with the control group. From the this experiment, we could not find out any significant pathogenicity and toxicity induced by P. polymyxa JB 115 or by CBG-JB 115. Results of this study demonstrated that consumption of P. polymyxa JB 115 and its culture broth containing (${\beta}$-glucan was not associated with any obvious signs of toxicity in Sprague-Dawely rats even following consumption of large quantities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 1999

SKI 2053 R, cis-Malonato [(4R, 5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II), is a newly developed antitumor platinum complex derived from cisplatin. Preclinical studies suggest that it may have greater antitumor activity and lower toxicity than cisplatin. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of does and embryonic development of Fl fetuses were investigated in rabbits. Sixty eight New Zealand white rabbits were distributed among three treated groups and a control group. SKI 2053R was administered intravenously to pregnant rabbits from days 6 to 18 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 0.67, 2.0, or 6.0 mg/kg/day. The pregnant does were subjected to the caesarean section on day 28 of gestation. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, and necropsy findings were observed in all groups. Fl fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SKI 2053R, except that an increase in the incidence of skeletal variations were observed at 6.0 mg/kg. There were no signs of material toxicity or embryotoxicity at 0.67 and 2.0 mg/kg. The results show that the administration of 6.0 mg/kg SKI 2053R induces skeletal variations in fetuses and that the no observed adverse effect levels(NOAELS) of SKI 2053R are considered to be over 6.0 mg/kg for does and 2.0 mg/kg for Fl fetuses in rabbits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.37.1-37.6
• /
• 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2022

To detect anomaly signs of thermal runaway in advance, this study analyzed the signals from various sensors installed in lithium-ion batteries. The thermal runaway mechanism was analyzed, and measurement variables for anomalies of a battery cell were surface temperature, strain, and gas concentration. The changes and characteristics of three variables during the thermal runaway process were analyzed under the abuse environment: the overheat and the overcharge. In experiment, the thermal runaway of the battery proceeded in the initial developing stage, the outgassing stage, and the ignition stage. Analysis from the measured data indicated that the suitable variable to detect all stages of thermal runaway is the surface temperature of the battery, and surface strain is alternative.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to know the relationship between neurologic soft signs (NSS) and clinical variables such as psychopathology. history of illness, and premorbid social adjustment in patients with schizophrenia. The authors evaluated NSS in 31 patients with schizophrenia using the structured tool for measuring neurologic abnormalities, Neurological Evaluation Scale- Korean Version(NES-K). Relationships between NSS and clinical variables such as duration of illness, intensity of precipitating stressors, duration of outpatient treatment, schooling, peer relationship, total duration of unemployment, total days of psychiatric admission, age, total days of being medicated, age at the first psychiatric admission, frequency of admissions, content of treatment, social adjustment, and severity of symptoms were analyzed. Differences between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were examined. In addition, Differences between patients with schizophrenia who have predominant positive symptoms and who have predominant negative symptoms were examined too. Total scores of NES-K were correlated with lower schooling (${\gamma}$=0.44, p<0.01). Scores of motor coordination subcategory were correlated with poor peer relationship(${\gamma}$=0.67, p<0.001). Other clinical variables were not correlated with any scores of NES-K. Paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Also positive and negative schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Most clinical variables except schooling and peer relationship were not related with NSS. This results indicated that the meaning of these signs was not fully be understood. Introduction of the new classification concepts such as deficit or non-deficit syndrome will be helpful to elucidate the meaning of NSS in patients with schizophrenia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.114-116
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the acute toxicity of PEG-hemoglobin SB1, a blood substitute, in beagle dogs. The male and female dogs were administered intravenously at the doses of 0.4375, 0.875 and 1.75 g/kg body weight, respectively. After a single intravenous administration of SB1 to dogs, we observed them daily for 2 weeks. SB1 did not induce any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, and gross necropsy findings of dogs. Based on these results, acute toxicity, dogs SB1 may have no side effect and its $LD_{50}$ value may be over 1.75 g/kg (25 ml/kg) of body weight in dogs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2003

The pathway producing imide ring closure during the thermal imidization of poly(amic acid) (PAA) was investigated in detail using a new analytical method, two-dimensional (2D) Raman correlation spectroscopy. The signs of the cross peaks in synchronous spectra provided evidence of the thermal imidization of PAA into PI as the heating temperature increased. The signs of the cross peaks in asynchronous spectra suggested that the imide-related modes changed prior to the amide or carboxylic mode, which indicates that cyclization occurred before the amide proton was abstracted.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2006.11b
• /
• pp.1581-1587
• /
• 2006

Today's subway system is packed with various informations such as danger/safety signs, directions, and tightly placed advertisements. All these elements are becoming one big chaos rather than convenient source of information for commuters. To solve this problem immediately, it has to be analysed for systematic character of subway spaces and leaded to constructive improvement for the locating subway signs in correct and convenient spots with right contents. Especially in case of transfer stations, structure is complicated and mazed. At the same time, tremendous amount of commuters are passing through and all these commuting are adding more complications and chaos to the system. Therefore, it is harder to focus on gathering environment informations and finding right directions. Better guiding signage for easier transfer is now essential for new standard of modern commuting with total and logical system. Eventually, it will be great help for setting budget efficiency and advanced subway environment through efficient and Koreanized subway transfer system.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.147-168
• /
• 2008

HYTE (Hyeonggaeyeongyotang Extract), a polyherbal formula has been used as folk medicine, 28days repeat oral dose toxicity was tested in SD rats according to KFDA Guideline[2005-60]. Methods : In this study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight and gains, food and water consumption, ophthalmologic observation, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight and histopathological observations were conducted during 28days of dosing periods. Results: 1. No HYTE treatment-related mortalities and clinical signs were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods. 2. No HYTE treatment-related changes on body weight, gains and food consumption were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which significantly increase of body weight, gains, food and water consumption were detected compared to that of vehicle control in some points. 3. No HYTE treatment-related changes on ophthalmologic examination were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 4. No HYTE treatment-related changes on urinalysis were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which, significantly increase of urine volume and related decrease on the urine specific gravity were detected as secondary effects of increase on the water consumptions not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 5. No HYTE treatment-related changes on hematology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for increases in the total WBC count and lymphocytes of 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups with decrease of large unstained cells as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 6. No HYTE treatment-related changes on serum biochemistry were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 7. No HYTE treatment-related changes on gross findings, organ weight and histopathology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups in which, spleen and thymus organ weights, hypertrophy at gross observation and hyperpalsia of lymphoid cells and follicles at histopathological observation in spleen and thymus were detected as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. Conclusions : Based on these results, the NOAEL and MTD of HYTE in SD rats were considered as over 2000mg/kg, respectively at 28days repeat oral dose toxicity test because most of these findings were considered as results of pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs or secondary effects.