• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.502-506
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• 2001

This paper presents a new method for cutting steel with a diamond tool using electrolysis. The electrolysis is adopted in the diamond cutting to prevent the high chemical activity between a diamond tool and an iron-based workpiece. The basic principle of the method is to oxdize a thin substrate of the workpiece by electrolysis ahead of the diamond tool which cuts the oxidized layer. A desired shape can be obtained by repeating this process. The cutting force is reduced because the diamond tool removes only the weakened material by electroysis. The reduction of the cutting force suppresses the excessive wear of the diamond tool. The oxidization penetrates several micrometers in depth along the previously formed shape. The corrosion rates depend on current density and make suggestions on the optimum cutting conditions.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to adjust the roll gap for the dimension accuracy of bar in hot bar rolling process considering roll wear. In this study hot bar rolling processes for round and oval passes have been investigated. In order to predict the roll wear, the wear model is reformulated as an incremental form and then wear depth of roll is calculated at each deformation step on contact area using the results of finite element analysis, such as relative sliding velocity and normal pressure at contact area. Archard's wear model was applied to predict the roll wear. To know the effects of thermal softening of DCI (Ductile Cast Iron) roll material according to operating conditions, high temperature micro hardness test is executed and a new wear model has been proposed by considering the thermal softening of DCI roll expressed in terms of the main tempering curve. The new technique developed in this study for adjusting roll gap can give more systematically and economically feasible means to improve the dimension accuracy of bar with full usefulness and generality.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2016

A new kind of partially precast or prefabricated castellated steel reinforced concrete beam, which is abbreviated here as CPSRC beam, was presented and introduced in this paper. This kind of CPSRC beam is composed of a precast outer-part and a cast-in-place inner-part. The precast outer-part is composed of an encased castellated steel shape, reinforcement bars and high performance concrete. The cast-in-place inner-part is made of common strength concrete, and is casted with the floor slabs simultaneously. In order to investigate the shear performance of the CPSRC beam, experiments of six CPSRC T-beam specimens, together with experiments of one cast-in-place SRC control T-beam specimen were conducted. All the specimens were subjected to sagging bending moment (or positive moment). In the tests, the influence of casting different strength of concrete in the cross section on the shear performance of the PPSRC beam was firstly emphasized, and the effect of the shear span-to-depth ratio on that were also especially taken into account too. During the tests, the shear force-deflection curves were recorded, while the strains of concrete, the steel shapes as well as the reinforcement stirrups at the shear zone of the specimens were also measured, and the crack propagation pattern together with the failure pattern was as well observed in detail. Based on the test results, the shear failure mechanism was clearly revealed, and the effect of the concrete strength and shear span-to-depth ratios were investigated. The shear capacity of such kind of CPSRC was furthermore discussed, and the influences of the holes on the steel shape on the shear performance were particularly analyzed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.785-796
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• 2022

Concrete-encased steel (CES) beam, in which structural steel is encased in a reinforced concrete (RC) section, is widely applied in high-rise buildings as transfer beams due to its high load-carrying capacity, great stiffness, and good durability. However, these CES beams are prone to shear failure because of the low shear span-to-depth ratio and the heavy load. Due to the high load-carrying capacity and the brittle failure process of the shear failure, the accurate strength prediction of CES beams significantly influences the assessment of structural safety. In current design codes, design formulas for predicting the shear strength of CES beams are based on the so-called "superposition method". This method indicates that the shear strength of CES beams can be obtained by superposing the shear strengths of the RC part and the steel shape. Nevertheless, in some cases, this method yields errors on the unsafe side because the shear strengths of these two parts cannot be achieved simultaneously. This paper clarifies the conditions at which the superposition method does not hold true, and the shear strength of CES beams is investigated using a compatible truss-arch model. Considering the deformation compatibility between the steel shape and the RC part, the method to obtain the shear strength of CES beams is proposed. Finally, the proposed model is compared with other calculation methods from codes AISC 360 (USA, North America), Eurocode 4 (Europe), YB 9082 (China, Asia), JGJ 138 (China, Asia), and AS/NZS 2327 (Australia/New Zealand, Oceania) using the available test data consisting of 45 CES beams. The results indicate that the proposed model can predict the shear strength of CES beams with sufficient accuracy and safety. Without considering the deformation compatibility, the calculation methods from the codes AISC 360, Eurocode 4, YB 9082, JGJ 138, and AS/NZS 2327 lead to excessively conservative or unsafe predictions.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 통하여 기능을 상실한 보 철거로 인하여, 급경사가 형성된 짧은 구간에서 두부침식과 천급점 변화, 그리고 교호사주의 거동을 고려한 하도의 적응과정을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 보 상류에서 두부침식이 발생하여 천급점은 상류로 이동하였다. 실험초기에 빠르게 이동하지만, 시간이 증가하면서 이동속도가 감소하였다. 교호사주가 발달한 조건에서 이동속도는 사주가 발생하지 않은 조건에서보다 빨랐다. 세굴심은 교호사주가 발생하지 않는 조건에서 보다 발생하는 조건에서 더 깊었다. 시간이 증가할수록 최대세굴심은 하류로 이동하며, 최대세굴심의 깊이와 이동속도는 감소하였다. 무차원 최대세굴심은 상류에서 유입되는 유사가 포착되고 되메우기가 진행되면서 이동속도가 감소하였다. 무차원 되메우기 속도가 증가할수록 무차원 최대세굴심은 감소하였다. 초기에 최대세굴심이 깊은 곳에서 되메우기가 빠르게 진행되며, 최대세굴심이 얕은 곳에서는 되메우기가 느리게 진행되었다. 특히, 무차원 되메우기 속도가 5이하에서는 무차원 최대세굴심이 급격하게 감소하며, 그 이후에서는 완만하게 감소하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2002

Recently the laser welding technology has been applied increasingly for the automotive bodies. But the lap joint laser welding for 3 dimensional automotive body is new while the butt joint laser welding is well known as the tailored blank technology. In this study, the process window was found for the full penetration welding of the lap joint of the 1mm-thick high strength steel sheets. The limit curves and characteristic curves were suggested to define the boundaries and the contour lines in a space of the welding speed and the gap size. The characteristics of the weld sectional geometry were used to determine the limit curves. They are bead width, penetration depth and sectional area. After the observed data was analysed carefully, it was noticed that there was a transition point at which the sectional shape was changed and the bead area jumped as the welding speed was increased. Also a new concept of 'input energy Per volume' was suggested to distinguish the difference at the transition Point. The difference of sectional areas at the transition point can be related to the dynamic keyhole phenomena.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2015

발파를 이용한 터널굴착시, 와이어쏘를 이용하여 심빼기 부분 외곽에 불연속면을 발생시켜 발파진동을 차단함으로써 소음 및 진동을 저감시키고자 하는 방법은 타 방법에 비해 시공이 간편하고 경제적일 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 터널굴착용 와이어쏘의 절삭 메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 시간에 따른 절삭 깊이 변화와 절삭 중 암석 내부의 와이어쏘 곡선 형태를 파악할 수 있는 절삭 모델을 구축하고 검증하였다. 구축된 모델을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 터널굴착용 와이어쏘 절삭의 특징을 살펴보고, 와이어쏘 인장력, 와이어쏘 속도, 피드 속도, 천공 깊이 및 천공 직경과 같은 주요 조건들이 절삭 성능에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며, 이러한 검토 결과를 바탕으로 절삭 성능을 높이기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

This present paper investigated the mechanical properties and the microstructures of each penetration shapes classifying the conduction shape area and the keyhole shape area about electron beam welded 120(T)mm thick plated aluminum 5052 112H. As a result the penetration depth is increased linearly according to the output power, but the aspect ratio is decreased after the regular output power. In the conduction shape area, the Heat affected zone is observed relatively wider than the keyhole shape area. In the material front surface of the welded specimen, the width is decreased but the width in the material rear surface is increased. After the measuring the Micro Vikers Hardness, it showed almost similar hardness range in all parts, and after testing the tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength is similar to the ultimate tensile strength of the base material in all the specimens, also the fracture point was generated in the base materials of all the samples. In the result of the impact test, impact absorbed energy of the Keyhole shape area is turned up very high, and also shown up the effect about four times of fracture toughness comparing the base material. In the last result of observing the fractographs, typical ductile fraction is shown in each weld metal, and in the basic material, the dimple fraction is shown. The weld metals are shown that there are no other developments of any new chemical compound during the fastness melting and solidification.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2014

Korea contract Mn-nodule field in the NE equatorial Pacific is composed of seven sectors with average water depths of 4,513-5,025 m. Of the various factors controlling the properties of Mn-nodule, it seems that water depth is likely connected to the chemical composition and occurrence of nodules. To test whether such an assumption held in each sector, we reviewed previous research data accumulated since 1994 for one of the northern sectors (hereafter KR1) where there are stark contrasts in water depth. High-resolution seabed mapping clearly separates a northern part (KR1N) from a deeper southern part (KR1S), cutting across in the middle of the KR1. In addition, significant volcanic activities forming numerous seamounts are distinctive especially in KR1N. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in KR1S are comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with a discoidal shape, while those in KR1N are generally small (<2 cm) with poly-lobate and irregular shapes. Nodules in KR1N also have lower Co, Cu, Mn and Ni, and higher Fe contents. The spatial separation in nodule characteristics might be caused by volcanic activities in KR1N rather than water depth contrast. During the formation of the seamounts in KR1N, rock fragments and volcanic ashes as new nuclei of the nodules would have been continuously generated. As a result, the nodules could not grow larger than 2 cm and display the shapes of a newbie (i.e., irregular and poly-lobate shapes). Moreover, significant Fe supply from volcanic activities probably decreases the Mn/Fe ratio, which may lead to the KR1 nodules being misinterpreted as a hydrogenic in origin compared to other sectors where a high Mn/Fe ratio is present.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2014

Scour is one of the leading causes of overwater bridge failures worldwide. While monitoring systems have already been implemented or are still being developed, they suffer from limitations such as high costs, inaccuracies, and low reliability, among others. Also, most sensors only measure scour depth at one location and near the pier. Thus, the objective is to design a simple, low cost, scour hole topography monitoring system that could better characterize the entire depth, shape, and size of bridge scour holes. The design is based on burying a robust, waterproofed, piezoelectric sensor strip in the streambed. When scour erodes sediments to expose the sensor, flowing water excites it to cause the generation of time-varying voltage signals. An algorithm then takes the time-domain data and maps it to the frequency-domain for identifying the sensor's resonant frequency, which is used for calculating the exposed sensor length or scour depth. Here, three different sets of tests were conducted to validate this new technique. First, a single sensor was tested in ambient air, and its exposed length was varied. Upon verifying the sensing concept, a waterproofed prototype was buried in soil and tested in a tank filled with water. Sensor performance was characterized as soil was manually eroded away, which simulated various scour depths. The results confirmed that sensor resonant frequencies decreased with increasing scour depths. Finally, a network of 11 sensors was configured to form a distributed monitoring system in the lab. Their exposed lengths were adjusted to simulate scour hole formation and evolution. Results showed promise that the proposed sensing system could be scaled up and used for bridge scour topography monitoring.