• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1970

For the purpose to clarify the effects of the mothers health during pregnancy on the weight and length of the newborn infants, this study was carried out on 500 new born infants delivered at St, Mary's Hospital, Ewha Woman's University Hospital and Red Cross Hospital in Seoul during the eight-month period from March, 1969 to October, 1969. In this study, the relationship between the T weight and length of the new born infants, and in each case, the weight, length, age, duration of labour, duration of pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and diets level during pregnancy of the mother were observed. The relationship between the weight and length of the new born infants and the parity n-as also observed. The results obtained in this study were as follows. 1. The weight of new born infants of both sexes was significantly correlated with the parity, the weight of the mother, and the duration of labour of the primipara. The weight of the mother and the duration of pregnancy were significantly correlated with the weight of the male new born infants only, and the weight of the new born infants and the weight gain of the mother during pregnancy were significantly correlated in the female new born infants. 2. In general, the weight of the new born infants of well or excellently nourished mothers were heavier than those of poorly nourished ones. 3. The length of the new born infants was significantly correlated mother the duration of labour in the primipara.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.319-320
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• 2007

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2000

Studies are needed to determine the standard norms for sleep/activity patterns in new born baby and there have been no established reports of discrepancy of sleep/activity patterns in new born baby among various races. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA(Nursing Child Assessment Sleep Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the new born baby, and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of new born baby. The subjects of this study were 38 normal new born baby who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in pusan from January 1 to April 28, 2000. They all agreed to participate in this study. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic data, birth hi story, and general informations concerning the infant, mother and family. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean. standard deviation, frequency, and percentage by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 10.23 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.53 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 15.77 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 4.49 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 49.69%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 66.98%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 55.81%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 3.09 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 6.12 hours. The mean amount of nighttime awake periods was 2.11 hours. The mean amount of daily total awake periods was 8.23 hours. The mean of the longest awake periods was 3.76 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.71 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.65 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 8.36 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 62.50%. 4. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.36 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.64 hours. In conclusion, The new born baby slept more during the daytime compare than nighttime and more active during the daytime. On the other hand. although nighttime sleeping the length of the mother was normal, but sleep was interrupted by the infant over 3 times on average. Therefore this research study will contribute to nursing practice and nursing research by its implication through postnatal educational nursing programs at hospital and nursing intervention programs that would help individual caring of early infant mothers at home.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

The effects and necessity of the breast milk are well known, but the breast-feeding rate in our country is very low. One of the reason is due to the separation policy of mother and baby after delivery. The mother is in the inpatient-room and the baby is in the new-born baby room. This isolation operation of hospital get increased according to the decreasing ratio of breast feeding in Korea. Only a few hospital operates and provides the space for a new-born baby in the mother's room. The system of baby and mother in one room is adopted and operated due to the breast feeding campaign. It is very encouraging, but the space for the baby and the mother is not enough in multi-bed rooms. We should reconsider the relationship between the new-born baby unit and the obstetric ward, and design the patient's room for the baby and the mother.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-27
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• 2022

With globalization and new communication technologies, governments aim to cultivate relationships with their foreign publics. This goal represents the convergence of the public relations and public diplomacy domains. In this regard, this study aims to explore how foreign-born faculty members' attitudes and behaviors toward the U.S. are shaped by their relationships with their universities. Findings confirm a significant link between foreign-born faculty members' perceived relationships with their universities and their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the U.S. The authors conclude that a positive relationship between universities and foreign faculty members can serve as a soft power resource in U.S. public diplomacy. This study contributes to governments' public diplomacy efforts by analyzing the roles of the foreign-born faculty members as strategic communication channels in cultivating relationships between a host country and their homelands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 1990

In this paper, using the principle of duality between the spatial and spectral domain, we proposed a new microwave imaging technique of a coherent tomographic formulation in the spatial domain and reconstructed the image of dielectric cylinder through simulation and experiment. The numerical and experimental results for the variety o object size, relative dielectric constant have shown the limitation of Born approximation to be used and the effect of retrieved images for various signal bandwidth.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.70-79
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• 2001

The integral equation method is a powerful tool for numerical electromagnetic modeling. But the difficulty of this technique is the size of the linear equations, which demands excessive memory and calculation time to invert. This limitation of the integral equation method becomes critical in inverse problem. The conventional Born approximation, where the electric field in the anomalous body is approximated by the background field, is very rapid and easy to compute. However, the technique is inaccurate when the conductivity contrast between the body and the background medium is large. Quasi-linear, quasi-analytical and extended Born approximations are novel approaches to 3-D EM modeling based on the linearization of the integral equations for scattered EM field. These approximation methods are much less time consuming than full integral equation method and more accurate than conventional Born approximation. They we, however, still approximate methods for 3-D EM modeling. Iterative series methods such as modified Born, quasi-linear and quasi-analytical can be used to increase the accuracy of various approximation methods. Comparisons of numerical performance against a full integral equation and various approximation codes show that the iterative series methods are very accurate and almost always converge. Furthermore, they are very fast and easy to implement on a computer. In this study, extended Born series method is developed and it shows more accurate result than that of other series methods. Therefore, Iterative series methods, including extended Born series, open principally new possibilities for fast and accurate 3-D EM modeling and inversion.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the body image perception, weight control experiences and the eating disorders according to where they were born, and the length of residence in USA among Korean-American college students. Three hundred college students participated in the study: 144 males and 156 females, 122 America-born (AB) and 171 Korea-born (KB) who live in New York City and New Jersey. Subjects responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that the ratio of overweight (23.2%) and obesity (26.8%) of males was higher than females'(16.1% and 6.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of residence in USA of KB. People who had tried to control their weight were 58%. The ratio of weight control experiences of females (72.4%) was higher than males' (42.4%) as well as people who were normal or underweight than who were overweight or obesity. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in the USA of KB. In body image perception, the subjects who were normal and underweight overestimated their body figure, and the subjects who were overweight and obese underestimated their body figure. The desired and ideal figure of female students was significantly thinner than the current figure and also that of male students. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in USA of KB. The ratio of eating disorder was 8.7%, and females had higher percentage than males. And shorter they lived in USA, the percentage of eating disorder was higher.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

This paper investigates preliminarily spatial distribution soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and its environmental influence in wetland soil of different vegetation landscape in the Yellow River Mouth. The result shows the SOM and total nitrogen (TN), efficient N, efficient P in top layer soils of different vegetation district have significantly different content, The SOM is shown as Calamagrostis epigeios wetlands > Phragmites cmmunis wetlands > Tamarix chinensi wetlands above tidal > Suaeda salsa wetlands in high tidal > Tamarix chinensi wetlands in high tidal > tidal flats, the arrange of the TN and efficient N content is the same except that the content in Suaeda salsa wetlands in high tidal is heavier than Tamarix chinensi wetlands in high tidal. In different vegetation landscape wetland types the vertical change of soil nutrients are obvious except for p, gradually decrease from the upper to the lower. This case reflects the function of the vegetation on the wetland development of soil and proves the wetland soil has the characteristic of new born and bad degree of development. SOM, TN, efficient N and efficient P content in wetland soils have significantly positive correlation, but TP have no correlation with them but efficient p. The contents of TN in wetland soils range from 58~1480 mg/kg, total average content 408 mg/kg, average content of above 30 cm is 625 mg/kg. The range of TP content in the soil is 372~1042 mg/kg, total average is 569 mg/kg, average content of above 20 cm is 611 mg/kg. According the P it occurs mainly as calcium phosphates, and the validity is lower, therefore, N and P in the new born wetlands cannot produce serious impact on the environments at present.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.