• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.178-209
• /
• 2001

This paper aims to provide a critical assesment of Conservatives's and new Labour's social assistance reforms in the U.K. and their differential impacts on low income groups. During the period of 18 years in power, the Conservative governments enforced benefit recipients being capable of work to be out of benefits and to get into work. They employed not only 'carrots' to encourage beneficiaries being capable of work to have full-time work, but also 'sticks' to discourage them to depend on benefits. The reforms under the Conservative governments were closer to the workfare model. The new Labour government has continued to emphasize work regarding social security reform. It has raised 'from welfare to work' as the main reform objective. However, it has not necessarily focused on 'carrots and sticks' in order to get beneficiaries into work. Instead, the new Labour government has put its priority regarding social assistance reform on human capital development in order to develop the capability of beneficiaries for work. Britain under the new Labour government seems to be moving from workfare to activation model. These differentials between the Conservative governments and the new Labour government regarding social assistance reforms bring about the different policy outcomes. Under the Conservative government, social assistance programmes were prone to strengthen the state's control over benefit recipients and to increase stigma to them. Punitive, demeaning, stigmatising programmes of work and unending job search activities harm the bases of self-respect. On the contrary, the activation programmes under the new Labour government has contributed positively to both socially significant participation and autonomy of beneficiaries.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of New Deal under the New Labour government in Britain and examines the nature of New Deal with respect to workfare. The time difference of five years after the New Deal was put into effect shows that New Deal has contributed not only to include the socially excluded groups such as the young unemployed, the long-term unemployed, single parents, and the disabled into the labour market, but also to decrease the amount of income-based benefits providing for working generation. It can be said that the nature of New Deal under the New Labour is near to human capital development model rather than labour force attachment model. New Deal provides the opportunity of policy learning for the countries which pursue the reform of social security system to moving welfare beneficiaries being able to work into jobs. Policy learning can be summed up as follows. First, imposing mutual responsibility and obligations on unemployed person should be accompanied by implementing active labour market programmes of education and job training. Second, the delivery system which administrates workfare programmes should be decentralized in a local society. The cooperation between local government and enterprisers will be critical in implementing various employment programmes and moving unemployed person into jobs. Third, the case management for individual participating in workfare programme is necessary. The personal adviser should continue to provide employment services for the unemployed until he or she get a job and enter the state of self-reliance. Finally, the workfare programme should be firmly backed by the political leadership in order to overcome the oppositions of beneficiary groups under the existing social security system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.45-70
• /
• 2004

This study purports to explain the difference between the welfare reform of Britain and that of either European countries or USA. For this purpose, Chapter two documents and reviews the inter-party debates around the Clause Four in the Labour Constitution, and duly ascertains the role of the reciprocity principle in the development of New Labour Project. Then, Chapter three argues that this reciprocity principle guides and controls the whole process of workfare reform of the Labour Government since 1997. Finally, Chapter four concludes that the salient features of the British workfare reform originated from recent changes of the British political climates, that is, the ideological change of the Labour Party.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.191-222
• /
• 2010

Revisioned labour law was confirmed by vote of National Assembly on 1st January 2010. Under revisions labour law the necessity was expressed to reconstruct and change the relationship between labour and management in hospital. This study was described to investigate the operational statement of labour union in general hospital and to investigate how the labour policy would be change and which form would be appear in labour union in hospital. The survey results which was operated targeting labour managers in hospital were as follows ; first, in the possibility of plural labour unions establishment, university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as high. but non-university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as low. second, even though the plural union labours would be established in hospitals there would be no difficulties in collective bargaining between labour and management. third, the labour union activities would not be shrink even though there would be wage pay prohibition for the full-time union laboures. As the wage pay prohibition acted on the full-time union labours, countermeasures are required as follows; first, there is a possibility that there will be diversity in the form of full-time union labours. It is need to make the criterion of hospital about the limit of full-time labour union members. It is need to make the criterion of labour activities of non-working hour exception. It is need to cope with the diverse demands of labour union which aim to solve the financial burdens. As the plural labour unions are permitted it is need to make countermeasures as follows ; To analyze whether there is a possibility by the establishment of new labour to be plural labour unions. To establish the countermeasures in short-term aspect to make the countermeasures to cope with the establishment of plural labour unions. In long-term aspect to establish labour and management strategies. Henceforth, found on the revisions labour law, it is need to provide in hospitals as follows; first, it is need to prepare labour management policies and substitutes which suitable for plural labour union period. Second, it is need to determine concretely on the related matters of the union labours and to develop the conclusion guidelines which preparing infective criteria. Third, to examine the effects on the hospital organization by organizational forms of labour union which is weak in financial aspect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 1970

For the purpose to clarify the effects of the mothers health during pregnancy on the weight and length of the newborn infants, this study was carried out on 500 new born infants delivered at St, Mary's Hospital, Ewha Woman's University Hospital and Red Cross Hospital in Seoul during the eight-month period from March, 1969 to October, 1969. In this study, the relationship between the T weight and length of the new born infants, and in each case, the weight, length, age, duration of labour, duration of pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and diets level during pregnancy of the mother were observed. The relationship between the weight and length of the new born infants and the parity n-as also observed. The results obtained in this study were as follows. 1. The weight of new born infants of both sexes was significantly correlated with the parity, the weight of the mother, and the duration of labour of the primipara. The weight of the mother and the duration of pregnancy were significantly correlated with the weight of the male new born infants only, and the weight of the new born infants and the weight gain of the mother during pregnancy were significantly correlated in the female new born infants. 2. In general, the weight of the new born infants of well or excellently nourished mothers were heavier than those of poorly nourished ones. 3. The length of the new born infants was significantly correlated mother the duration of labour in the primipara.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.62-75
• /
• 1992

This study was done to suggest basic modifications in the present situation for the family of women in labour which is a separation management method. The study design was a descriptive study. The number of the subjects were 80. they were husbands, mothers in law, and mothers of women in labour who were full term and for whom there were no complications, either for the mother or the fetus. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using frequencies. The results were as follows, 1. Most of the subjects(95.0%) wanted to participate in the labour process. 2. The subjects wanted to support the women in labour by way of encouraging(95.0%), consoling (95.0%), listening to(75.0%), praying with(68.8%), hand holding(97.5%), stroking(63.8%), helping with respiration control(50.0%), maintaining relaxation(46.3%), changing position(58.8%), and illustration (58.8 %). 3. The subjects answered that they expected their participation to have the effect of an easier labour course(52.5%), security for the women in labour(95.0%), and providing a better relationship between the women in labour(66.3%) and the new baby(55.0%). 4. The priority of the response as to who is the best supporter was husband, and mother of the women in labour in that order. It can be concluded that nurses maintained a management method which ignored the needs of the families of women in labour. If given consideration is to be given to these subjects, future programs should initiate ways to let the families participate in the labour process.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.429-449
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this research is both to analyse the dynamics of welfare pluralism in the personal social service policy for elderly British people and to provide policy implications based on analysis of the post World War II time era up until the end of the New Labour Government. Content analysis of government and parliament reports, minutes, scripts for party conferences, legislations, declassified government documents, and institutes' reports of the Conservative, Labour, and New Labour Governments from 1945 to 2010 shows that the governments played only assistive roles in welfare pluralism at any given point in time. The negative experiences of elderly British can be attributed to the unbalanced structure of roles held by public and private institutions for personal social services. They ultimately have important policy implications for the foundation of welfare pluralism in elderly Korean community care by the Moon Jae-in government.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.38 no.7
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2000

This study reviews and analyses the policy changes happened in Britain regarding the family and children. Traditionally Britain has employed non-interventionist policies for the family and child care assuming the family as a private domain. This policy had been reinforced during the Thatcher regime. However the traditional families that Beveridge had idealized have been rapidly disappearing and child poverty has become critical concern for Blair's New Labour government with the rising number of lone parent families. The New labour's child and family-friendly policies to enhance the family life have been examined on the basis of government reports on Child Benefit, WFTC, Child Support Agency and the plans to support parents and to implement the child and family-friendly practices.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.79-101
• /
• 2021

With the steady rise in global popularity of the Korean music group BTS, the South Korean government and surrounding industries have swiftly begun utilizing their image and international recognition for specific nation branding purposes. While K-pop soft power strategies are not novel to the South Korean state, what is new is the rapid speed at which BTS have become a beacon for South Korean culture, language, and symbolism in the international arena. However, few scholarly works have sought to investigate the role fans have played in this heightened position for the group as state representatives, with minimal research conducted into the work fans do within the framework of ARMY fan culture. This paper will thus aim to fill the gap in scholarship on ARMY as an organized labour network, focusing on the role fans play as labourers in online spaces that work to promote, disseminate, and cultivate wider recognition for BTS as artists. Through the conjunct engagement of a political economy framework and theories of participatory culture, this paper will explore the manner through which the free labour of ARMY, premised on affect, has constructed the fandom as active agents of soft power alongside BTS themselves.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.179-209
• /
• 2018

Three dacades of time have passed since the Korean labour movement experimented its political empowerment struggle. Generally it has failed for all some positive results. But unfortunately there were no critical and intellectual reflections regarding the failure within the labour movement. This study drew three conclusions. Firstly, the success or failure of political experiments was caused mainly by the labour regime changes of the Korean society. Secondly, the motive power was provided not by the progressive party, the Democratic Labour Party, but by the trade union movement and organization, the Minjoonochong. Lastly, the Candle-Light revolution in 2016 has produced some new conditions for the second stage of political empowerment praxis in Korean labour movement.