• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

The aim of this study is which factors affect the commercial land values and how they act upon them through distribution of commercial land values by multiple regression analysis in Gwangju city. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) The changes of commercial land values distribution in $1989{\sim}1996$, We see that the commercial area of higher land values extends following the main arterial road. This is related to urbanization in urban fringe while the decline of commercial land values occurs in city center with long history of commercial region. This is due to unsuitableness in rapid changes of commercial environment because of fragmented lots, old buildings. traffic congestion etc. (2) The regions where commercial land values greatly rose are the west in constructed the new planning city center of Sangmu-dong. and the south west in which is related to the extension of high density apartment and the location of big discount stores. (3) Through the changes in commercial land values distribution map. and road map, topographical map, we know that commercial land values is related to various factors; namely, distance from CBD, convenient traffic, reputation of commercial district, condition of a road, size of supplementary, a degree of commercial land use etc. (4) From the above related factor, six variables are extracted by operational definition. That is the spatial distance from the city center, the walking distance to a stopping place, the road width, the amount of bus traffic, the amount of pedestrian, the number of the shop. (5) Data of seven variables are collected on the highest values point of each Dong. We applicate multiple regression analysis with commercial land values as a dependent variable, extracted six variables as independent variables. (6) As a result of multiple regression on the determinants of commercial land values, the variables which is greatly related to commercial land values are the amount of pedestrain, the spatial distance from city center. We identify that two variables explain variance of the commercial land values by 65%. (7) In order to make clear about not explained 35%. we carry out analysis of residual. In consequence, we see small estimate in downtown area and large estimate in urban fringe. This feature is due to simple core structure of Gwangju city and limits of this regression model.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.650-660
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• 2006

Recently, according to increase in production of pond snails resulting from the widespread organic farming, organic farmers are showing a lot of interests in the promotion of consumption and extending the market of pond snails. This study was performed to suggest the process of product development of the ready-to-eat pond-snail Mandu as a health food, to show the results of market test of the pilot product, and to investigate the change of the sensory characteristics during storage periods. For the market test of pond-snail Mandu, the survey was developed and delivered to consumers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts such as respondents demographic characteristics, customer's perception of pond-snail Mandu before tasting, and customer's perception of that after tasting. And the market test was carried out with university students, welfare institution residents and apartment residents in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. As a result of the test, the most important purchasing factors were determined in the order of taste (49.5%), hygienic quality (12.5%), nutritional value (10%) and price (9%). And only 4.2% of respondents selected brand name as an important purchasing factor. After tasting pond-snail Mandu, consumers had suggested the better taste (t=6.986, p<0.000) and price (t=2.082, p<0.05) than those of before tasting. In response to favorable impression of pond-snail Mandu, 54.5% of total respondents evaluated positively. The favorable impressions came from iron-rich Mandu (27.6%), high protein and nutritious Mandu (24.4%), calcium-rich Mandu (17.9%), diet Mandu (13.3%), and delicious Mandu (12.5%) respectively. Sensory characteristics of pond-snail Mandu were evaluated by professional panels in terms of the softness of Mandu skin, chewiness, moistness, toothpacking, color, aroma, saltiness, and degree of plain, taste, and aftertaste. The evaluation of sensory characteristics on a 7-point scale, showed that softness of mandu skin (4.44) and aftertaste (4.11) got a low scores. The statistical difference of the tastes (p>0.05) was not founded by storage period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Based on the result, the improvement of these characteristics are desired in developing the pond-snail Mandu. Research method applied to this study can be useful for developing a new product.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

In this study, a new model is proposed to improve the problem of the decline of predict rate of heat demand on a particular date, such as a public holiday for the conventional heat demand forecasting system. The proposed model was the Four Season Mixed Heat Demand Prediction Neural Network Model, which showed an increase in the forecast rate of heat demand, especially for each type of forecast date (weekday/weekend/holiday). The proposed model was selected through the following process. A model with an even error for each type of forecast date in a particular season is selected to form the entire forecast model. To avoid shortening learning time and excessive learning, after each of the four different models that were structurally simplified were learning and a model that showed optimal prediction error was selected through various combinations. The output of the model is the hourly 24-hour heat demand at the forecast date and the total is the daily total heat demand. These forecasts enable efficient heat supply planning and allow the selection and utilization of output values according to their purpose. For daily heat demand forecasts for the proposed model, the overall MAPE improved from 5.3~6.1% for individual models to 5.2% and the forecast for holiday heat demand greatly improved from 4.9~7.9% to 2.9%. The data in this study utilized 34 months of heat demand data from a specific apartment complex provided by the Korea District Heating Corp. (January 2015 to October 2017).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2018

Recently, negative effects on human health such as disease caused by harmful environment have been dealt with seriously. In particular, studies on the effect of radon exposure, which is known as a primary carcinogen in lung cancer due to radioactive materials, have been actively studied. In Korea, since January 1, 2018, radon measurement is mandatory when building a new apartment, so it is necessary to measure the radon concentration and submit it to the local government and it should be posted where residents can see it. Radon has only recommended standards for multi-use facilities, but now it has decided to set recommendation standards for private homes. Therefore, it should now be possible to manage the radon in the environmental impact assessment phase as well as in the Post-environmental Impact Assessment. It should be possible to share health information such as the radon concentration and the risk of radon, and participation of health experts in the environmental impact assessment stage is required. Soil, air quality, hygiene and aerial items should be improved to take into account the effects of radon on human health during the environmental impact assessment process. If the level value of conncentration of radon shows above the recommended level, then alternative measures should be prepared and mitigation measures should be prepared as well.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.55
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• pp.143-167
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• 2018

According to the Security Services Industry Act security guards are not just workers but security-related service workers complementing the lack of police force and specializing in protecting of national important facilities, industrial facilities and apartment houses. Nevertheless, confusing or mixing the security service workers in "Security Services Industry Act" with the guards in the "Act on the Protection etc. of Temporary Agency Workers" lead to a constant debate about the scope of work of security guards. In the case of security service workers in "Security Services Industry Act" there is a strict limitations on security service worker's qualification such as strict reasons for disqualification, a need to pass training for new workers and qualification training, a need to report to the competent chief police officer if the security guard has placed or unplaced by the security service company. It distinguishes security service workers in "Security Services Industry Act" from the guards in the "Act on the Protection etc. of Temporary Agency Workers" and acknowledges the occupation of security service worker as a professional service worker. Therefore, security service workers in "Security Services Industry Act" shouldn't be obliged to do any other work than security work. If it is required to do other work than security work contract by the "Security Services Industry Act" doesn't apply but need to use a security guard according to "Act on the Protection etc. of Temporary Agency Workers" or hire a security guard on the employment contract. In this way, when security service workers in "Security Services Industry Act" are recognized as professional security related workers, the entire security industry can ultimately develop.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.133-148
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• 1995

This study was carried out to provide behavioral data for its planning and management of civic garden through the evaluation of user's motivation & satisfaction. The civic gardens around Seoul were surveyed. The site are located in Kwangtan-myeon, Sudong-myeon, Wonsam-myeon, Nam-myeon, Buknae-myeon, and Jumdong-myeon, A total of 244 questionnaires were completed by mail questionnaires. The results are as follows: 1. 82 percentage of users are in thirties or fourties most of them have children who go to the elementary school. 50 percentage of users are just typical house wifes. 74 percentage of users graduated form university. 60 percentage of users live in lofty apartment buildings. 2. As a result from factor analysis, their motivations are categorized into four fator groups.: 'to experience nature', 'weekend recreation', 'nostalgia', 'to provide their old parent's sparetime'. And their satisfactions are categorized into eleven fator groups.: 'psychological/intellectual component', 'recreational components', 'instruction/management', 'facility'. 'vegetable cultivation', 'social contact', 'crowing', 'aesthetic component', 'family contact', 'the terms of lease', 'visition time'. 3. The user of civic garden can be divided into four user groups by their motivation. CLUSTER1 can represent the user group who have motivations for 'leisure, relaxation'. They are considerably satisfied with all other factor 'opportunity of meeting new person'. CLUSTER2 at the age of 41 to 50 have motivation for 'health, nostalgia'. CLUSTER3 at the age of 31 to 40 have motivation for 'harvest, experiencing nature'. CLUSTER4 at the age of more than 51 want to let their parents enjoy their sparetime. They are dissatisfied with accessibility, amount of cultivation area, crowding and overall farm management. 4. The regression analysis was employed with predicting the overall satisfaction. The results of regression analysis showed that 69% of total variances was explained by six variables: The most effective variable is 'whether visiting on weekend or weekdays', the visitors on weekdays are far more satisfied than weekend visitors because of traffic congestion, and crowding. The second source of satisfactions are 'psychological/intellectual components', they are satisfied with 'family contact', 'the terms of lease' and 'instruction in farming' are sources of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and finally 'aesthetic landscape' is the source of satisfaction. The second most important variable is psychological one. Even though the civic gardens were not well equipped, they liked the atmosphere of rural life, refreshness, nostalgia, satisfaction from cultivation plants, and sense of achievement.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

In this paper, the vibration control effect of the Exo-type damping system was investigated by applying the Kagome dampers to 15-story and 20-story frame structure apartment. A new Exo-type damping system composed of the dampers and supporting column was proposed in the previous work and numerical analysis were performed to investigate the effects of optimum stiffness ratio between controlled structure and supporting column, the size of damper and yield ratio of the damper. The numerical analysis results of a structure with Exo-type damping system up to the third story showed that the stiffness ratio should be higher than 7.0 and the damper device yield ratio be at least 8.0% ($V_{damper}/V_{base\;shear$) to effectively reduce the base shear and the maximum drift of the uppermost story. When the Exo-type damping system was installed up to the fifth story, the stiffness ratio should be higher than 2.5 and damper device yield ratio needs to be at least 3.5% ($V_{damper}/V_{base\;shear$) for obtaining the target performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

As the 3D Greenery system is known to improve the urban environment, it works as new alternative for eco-friendly building and warrants further study for application to the domestic field. This study aimed to apply the design components for eco-friendly composition by investigating the spatial characteristics of the 3D Greenery System reflected in interior and exterior of buildings and to analyze the organization and design elements of domestic and foreign cases. The results showed that instances of the Greenery System tended to be a large scale and high-density development in order to expand various exterior spaces. Although its early forms were often found in such public facilities as exhibition and education purpose, cases of multi-unit dwelling have been growing. Allowing apartment residents to prefer intimate space by providing various such spaces for residential units and offering independent green spaces would induce diverse residents' lifestyles rather than monotonous design. The analysis also indicated that community space composed of various outdoor spaces and atmosphere would change life patterns of multi-housing and establish a real neighborhood through social interaction. Moreover, further investigation of the design patterns of outdoor space arrangement is needed since the Greenery system actively reflects the environmental characteristics of building sites and clearly shows a tendency to utilize natural terrain and slope in building shapes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.422-429
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• 2007

Location awareness is one of the key functionalities to build an U-city. Recently, many of works of the location-aware systems are emerging to commercially apply to on-going large-scale apartment complex based on U-city. As dwellers or cars being attached with active tags are moving in the U-city complex, the active tags periodically broadcast their own identifiers and receivers fixed along the street or in building use those information to calculate location of them. There are several issues to be considered for such an environment. The first is that the number of active tags operating in the same region are large as much as tens of thousands, and the second is that the active tags should be alive without change of batteries more than a year, hence low power consumption is very important. In this paper we propose i) a new architecture for location-aware system considering such issues, ii) technical issues to implement it using active tags, and iii) a mathematical analytic model to investigate overall performance and verify it by comparing with actual experimental results. Through the analysis we can show the theoretical boundary of the lowest packet loss rate and the maximum number of tags with acceptable performance for the systems based on active tags. The results can be applied to practical design of location-based systems of U-City projects.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.841-855
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to estimate the available potential heat source for heat pump in the district heating supply area in the city. Unused energy potentials were estimated and integrated based on open source based data. In particular, geographical spatial analysis of recoverable heat energy density and heat demand in the heat source area of large retailers and public sauna facilities in the DH network located in the southern part of the metropolitan area (Pyeongtaek-si) was conducted. As a result of the study, the DH network area had a total potential energy of 1,741.7 toe/year for the two heat sources of large retailers and public saunas. It is estimated that 1,006.9 toe/year, which is 57.8% of the total, can be linked to the district heating. The large retailers showed a positive correlation with the floor area and energy use of 0.4937. The recoverable energy intensity was estimated to be $0.0017toe/m^2$ per unit area and $0.0069tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, public saunas were analyzed by comparing the empirical case with the theoretical calculation, and it was estimated that energy conservation estimate of 80% was $0.0315toe/m^2$ per bath area and $0.1183tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. The total potential energy amount of this area was positively correlated with the heat demand of apartment house by administrative district, and it was confirmed that it had a relatively high potential energy especially in traffic and commercial center.