• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1401-1406
• /
• 2011

면역세포는 외부 병원체 감염, 자연적 순환에 대하여 형태변화를 수반한다. T세포는 염증, 면역 감시, 이동, 그리고 혈관통과를 위해 uropod, filopodia, lamellipodia, 및 microvilli를 생산한다. 짧고 손가락 처럼 생긴 microvilli는 순환하고 있는 포유동물 면역세포 표면을 덮고 있다. 단핵세포와 호중구의 세포표면은 많이 다른데 membrane ruffle을 함유하고 있다. 본 연구는, T세포의 microvilli에 대하여 actin cytoskeleton과의 연관성에 대하여 탐구하였다. Actin 파괴자인 cytochalasin D 처리 후 SEM관찰을 통해서, Jurkat T세포의 microvilli를 보면 빠르게 사라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와는 대조적으로 RhoA의 activator인 PMA는 LIMK와 cofilin 신호 전달을 통해서 microvilli 두께가 확장되는 것을 관찰 하였다. 또한, cytochalasin D 처리는 EL4 T세포의 극성을 사라지게 하는 것으로 보아 F-actin은 T세포의 극성 유지에도 영향을 미친다. 이상의 결과는 Actin cytoskeleton은 T세포에서 microvilli와 극성 유지에 관여하고 있는 것을 제시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.3903-3907
• /
• 2013

Background: Patients with colorectal cancer are usually treated with chemotherapy, which reduces the number of blood cells, especially white blood cells, and consequently increases the risk of infections. Some research studies have reported that aromatherapy massage affects the immune system and improves immune function by, for example, increasing the numbers of natural killer cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, there has been no report of any study which provided good evidence as to whether aromatherapy with Thai massage could improve the immune system in patients with colorectal cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the use of aromatherapy with light Thai massage in patients with colorectal cancer, who have received chemotherapy, can result in improvement of the cellular immunity and reduce the severity of the common symptoms of side effects. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients with colorectal cancer in Phichit Hospital, Thailand, were enrolled in a single-blind, randomised-controlled trial. The intervention consisted of three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week period. The control group received standard supportive care only. Assessments were conducted at pre-assessment and at the end of one week of massage or standard care. Changes from pre-assessment to the end of treatment were measured in terms of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and also the severity of self-rated symptom scores. Results: The main finding was that after adjusting for pre-assessment values the mean lymphocyte count at the post-assessment was significantly higher (P=0.04) in the treatment group than in the controls. The size of this difference suggested that aromatherapy with Thai massage could boost lymphocyte numbers by 11%. The secondary outcomes were that at the post assessment the symptom severity scores for fatigue, presenting symptom, pain and stress were significantly lower in the massage group than in the standard care controls. Conclusions: Aromatherapy with light Thai massage can be beneficial for the immune systems of cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy by increasing the number of lymphocytes and can help to reduce the severity of common symptoms.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2017

Objectives : This trial aimed to determine if Wasong (Orostachys japonicus) extract can enhance immune system and is safe enough to be approved as a health functional food. Methods : Total 62 people, aged 45 and older, will be recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. This study will compare Wasong extract and placebo. Wasong group will take 1g of Wasong extract, once a day, for 8 weeks. Placebo group will take 1g of crystalline cellulose as placebo, once a day, for 8 weeks. Outcomes will be measured at the baseline, the end of 4th week, and 8th week. Primary outcomes are the ratio of NK cells/total lymphocytes and the ratio of T-helper cells/T-suppressor cells. Secondary outcomes are total white blood cell count, the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in total leukocytes, the ratio of total T cells, T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, and B cells to lymphocytes, the amount of blood IgM, IgG, IgA, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG, and blood metabolite target &global analysis. Results : This trial was approved by institutional review board of Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital (registry number: 2016006), and registered in Clinical Research information Service, one of WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (registry number: PRE20161006-002). Recruitment opened in February 2017 and is supposed to be completed by August 2017. The result is expected to be published by June 2018. Conclusion : This trial will provide clinical information to determine the efficacy and safety of Wasong in enhancing immune system of middle-aged and older people.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2020

흡연은 염증 증가와 관련이 있으며 다양한 질환의 위험 인자이다. 요거트는 건강에 이로운 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 요거트 섭취가 흡연자들의 혈액학적 변수와 섬유소원 수치에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구대상자들은 네 개의 군으로 나누었는데 비흡연자는 대조군과 요거트군으로, 흡연자는 흡연군과 복합군(흡연하면서 요거트 섭취)으로 분류하였다. 연구대상자들은 3주 동안 요거트 섭취와/또는 담배를 피웠으며 3주 후에 혈액학적 변수와 섬유소원의 수치 변화를 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 복합군에서 호중구와 섬유소원의 수치가 의미 있게 증가한 반면 림프구 수치는 감소했다. 호산구 수치는 흡연군에서 의미 있게 증가했지만 복합군에서는 변화가 없었다. 또한 흡연군과 복합군에서 평균혈색소농도가 증가하여 흡연이 적혈구 수명에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 요거트 섭취가 흡연자들의 호중구, 림프구, 섬유소원의 수치를 조절함으로써 면역 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 보여주었고 흡연군과 달리 복합군에서는 호산구 수치가 증가하지 않음으로써 요거트 섭취가 알레르기 반응에 억제 효과를 가지게 할 수 있다는 것을 나타냈다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2008

The single intratracheal instillation (ITI) of bleomycin (BLM) is a widely used method for inducing experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rat model. In the present study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of tidal volume ($V_T$), minute volume ($V_M$), and respiratory frequency ($F_R$) have been applied to study their possibility as a tool to monitor the progress of BLM-induced lung injury in rat model. Rats were treated with a single ITI of BLM (2.5 mg/kg) or saline (control). Animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-ITI. Lung toxicity effects were evaluated by inflammatory cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and light microscopic examination of lung injury. The PFT parameters were measured immediately before the animals were sacrificed. BLM treatment induced significant cellular changes in BALF-increase in number of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes along with sustained increase in number of macrophages compared to the controls at days 3, 7, and 14. BALF LDH level was significantly increased compared to that in the controls up to day 14. On day 3, infiltration of neutrophils was observed in the alveolar spaces. These changes developed into marked peribronchiolar and interstitial infiltration by inflammatory cells, and extensive thickening of the interalveolar septa on day 7. At 14, 21, and 28 days, mild peribronchiolar fibrosis was observed along with inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of PFT show significant consistencies compared to the results of other toxicity tests. These data demonstrate that the most suitable time point for assessing lung fibrosis in this model is 14 days post-ITI of BLM based on the observation of fibrosis at 14, 21, and 28 days. Further, the progress of lung injury can be traced by monitoring the PFT parameters of $F_R$, $V_T$, and $V_M$.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia Capilaris Thunberg in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Methods : We divided lipopolysaccharide-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were normal group, feed with 100 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group, feed with 200 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group and feed with 300 mg/kg Artemisia capilaris Thunberg group. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured counts of red blood cell(RBC), the values of hemoglobin(Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV), plasma total protein concentration, albumin concentration, the ratio of albumin/globulin, the activities of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the counts of white blood cell(WBC), the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, the concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10. Results : Counts of RBC and the values of Hb and PCV, plasma total protein concentration and albumin concentration, the activities of plasma GOT, GPT and LDH showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. and the ratio of albumin/globulin was increased in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups. The counts of WBC showed lower values in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, In the ratio of neutrophils Thunberg groups. The ration of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were below 5%, and showed no characteristic trend. The concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma inerleukin-6(IL-6) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, and the concentration of plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, however the concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. Conclusions : The Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups gives positive results of anti-inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derivation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.58-76
• /
• 2019

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Daecheonglyong-tang(DCL) on atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB in mice Methods : The Nc/Nga mice were divided into 5 groups, and four groups excluding the normal group were applied by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB), to cause AD and were orally administered with distilled water(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and DCL 200 or 400mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks respectively. The visual changes on skin, changes in skin tissue thickness and eosinophil infiltration were observed. IgE, Histamine, Cytokines, immune cells and the amount of gene expression of filaggrin, VEGF, $TGF-{\beta}1$, EGF were measured. Results : Dermatitis score showed a gross improvement on all DCL groups, similar to or better than positive control. All DCL groups showed no significant change in the basophils, while neutrophils and eosinophils decreased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, white blood cells and mononuclear cells were decreased and lymphocytes were increased. In particular, neutrophils had similar or better effects than the positive control. In all DCL groups, IgE, Histamine, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased and IL-2 was increased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, IL-10 decreased and $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased. In particular, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ showed a similar rate of increase and decrease comparing positive control in DCL 400 mg/kg. $TGF-{\beta}$1 was increased in all DCL groups, filaggrin and VEGF were increased in only DCL 400 mg/kg groups. EGF did not make any changes. Epidermis, dermis thickness and eosinophil infiltration were also decreased in all DCL groups. Conclusions : By increasing Th1 cytokine and decreasing Th2 cytokine, DCL extracts appear to be effective in controlling immune response imbalances, anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration and are likely to be available as a treatment for AD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1453-1461
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with an herbal extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) enhances the immune response in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups representing the addition of 0 or 1 g/kg of the AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (an antibiotic) to maize- and soybean meal-based diets (n = 20 per group). On days 7, 14 and 28 after initiation of the addition, total and differential counts of leucocytes, proliferating activity of peripheral lymphocytes, serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and cytokines and the spleen index were determined. The AS extract decreased (p<0.05) the number of neutrophils on days 7 and 28 in comparison with the control group and reduced (p<0.05) serum interleukin-$1{\beta}$ level on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups. Dietary supplementation with the AS extract increased (p<0.05) the lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio on day 28 compared with the control group and increased the proliferating activity of lymphocytes on days 14 and 28 compared with the other 2 groups. The AS extract increased (p<0.05) the serum content of IgG on day 7 and of IgG and IgM on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups, as well as increasing the serum content of tumor necrosis factor on day 7 and spleen index on days 7 and 28 compared with the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the AS extract as a dietary additive enhances the cellular and humoral immune responses of weaned piglets by modulating the production of immunocytes, cytokines and antibodies.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 1997

톡소포자충의 숙주-기생충 상호관계 연구의 일환으로 마우스 비장에서 분리한 T 림프구. B 림프 구 및 과립구(대부분 호중구로 구성)에 톡소포자층의 tachyzoites를 감염시킨 후 감염된 림프구와 호중구의 미세형태 변화를 관찰하는 한편 각 세포의 충체 감염에 대한 감수성을 동위원소 흡수시 험법을 이용하여 정량화하였다. 충체는 병원성이 강한 RH 주를 샤용하였고 각 세포는 BALB/c와 CBA 마우스의 비장에서 분리하여 사용하였다. 감염 후 24시간에 관찰한 결과, T 림프구, B 림프 구 및 호중구는 마우스 주에 상관없이 세포질 내에 tachyzoites가 한 개, 두 개 또는 7-8개까지 관찰되었다. 감염된 T 림프구는 충체 주변에 형성죈 parasitophorous vacuole로 인해 핵이 한 쪽으로 밀리며. 미토콘드리아의 수가 증가하였다 감염된 B 림프구는 조내형질세망(RER)이 대조군에 비해 발달하지 않았으며 감염된 호중구는 과립의 수가 현저히 감소하였다 림프구와 호중구의 톡소포자충 감염에 대한 감수성을 3H-uracil 흡수량으로 정량화한 결과. 마우스 주에 따른 차이는 없었고 모든 종류의 세포 내에서 충체가 활발히 증식함이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, BALB/c와 CBA 마우스의 비장 T 림프구, B 림프구 및 호중구는 모두 톡소포자충의 tachyzoites 감염에 대해 감수성이 높음을 알 수 있었고, 감염된 면역세포는 그 기능이 저하될 것으로 추측된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2002

To investigate the antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Sophorae radix extracts administered to the arthritic rat model, immunohistochemical stains for CGRP in the L4, L5 and L6 spinal cord and ganglia were done, and paw swelling thickness were measured. Complete Freund,s Adjuvant(CFA) were injected to subcutaneous tissue of left foot paw of rats to induce arthritis. Sophorae radix extracts was administered immediately after CFA injection for 10 days. The spinal cord and ganglia were frozen sectioned(30㎛). These sections were stained by CGRP immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The change of paw swelling thickness of experimental group decreased from 4 day to 10day after CFA injection compared to control group. 2. The change of differential leukocytes counts of experimental group increased the ratio of lymphocytes. and decreased the ratio of neutrophils compared to control group. 3. The change of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fiber of dorsal horn of experimental group was dense stained compared to control group. 4. The number of CGRP immunoreactive neurons of L4 and L5 spinal cord of experimental group was less than in those control group. These results suggested that Sophorae radix extracts reduces the number of CGRP immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers of spinal cord and ganglia, and decrease paw swelling thickness in arthritic rat model, which may be closely related to analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Sophorae radix.