• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2014

Although interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been reported to be elevated in hypoxic tumors and has been associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers, little is known about its precise role in promoting metastasis in hypoxic tumors. In the present study, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of IL-11 on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells migration and invasion in relation to metastasis under hypoxic conditions has been defined. Inhibition of IL-11 expression or function using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a neutralizing antibody attenuated hypoxic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration and invasion through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expression. In addition, hypoxia-induced IL-11 increased STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 knockdown suppressed hypoxic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion due to reduced MMP levels and reprogrammed EMT-related gene expression. These results suggest that one of the hypoxic metastasis pathways and the regulation of this pathway could be a potential target for novel cancer therapeutics.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

The gene encoding gIII of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) PQ strain was cloned and expressed in baculovirus. Although the gIII gene is located in Hind III I fragment as the case of the other BHV-1 strains, differences in size and restriction endonuclease site within the fragment were identified. The gIII expression was predominantly detected on the surface on insect cells by indirect immunofluoresecnce assay using monoclonal antibody. The western blotting analysis also revealed the presence of expressed protein of a similar molecular size to the original gIII protein. The immunogenicity of expressed protein were tested in guinea pigs. The immunized guinea pigs with expressed protein developed the neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 1997

The purpose of the production of monoclonal antibodies aganist the Canine distemper virus(CDV) were perfect diagnosis and a new approach to treat canine distemper because the diagnosis and treatment of canine distemper were difficult. Canine distemper virus(CDV) was purified using saturated ammonium sulfate, and injected into hind footpads of BALB/c mouse. 12-15 days later, popliteal lymph node(PN) cells were harvested and fused with SP2/O myeloma cells. Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies were analysed. 1. 9 hybridomas produce the specific antibody against CDV. 2. 6 monoclonal antibodies are against intranuclear and cytoplasmic component of CDV, and 3 monoclonal antibodies are against cytoplasmic inclusions. 3. All monoclonal antibodies did not react with other 5 different viruses (CAV-I, CAV-II, CCV, CPV and CPIV) and react with another CDV-FXNO strain. 4. 3 monoclonal antibodies have neutralizing activity against CDV. 5. Antigenic difference was observed between CDV by IFA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.818-822
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• 1998

The persistence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) infection was demonstrated in 7 swine farms employing continuous pig flow management even after seasonal outbreaks. Clinically, sporadic postweaning diarrhea was a major concern in those farms. Subsequently circulatory antibody detection using serum neutralizing test made useful for confirmation of PEDV persistent infections. The persistence of PEDV in the premise might have induced recurrence over the period of time.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.781-788
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• 2010

An often overlooked issue in the field of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy is its limited capacity for effective systemic delivery. Although primary tumors can be treated effectively with intralesional injection of conventional Ad vectors, systemic metastasis is difficult to cure. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, non-specific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed for the purpose of maximizing Ad anti-tumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Integration of viral and non-viral nanomaterials will substantially advance both fields, creating new concepts in gene therapeutics. This review focuses on current advances in the development of smart Ad hybrid nanocomplexes based on various design-based strategies for optimal Ad systemic administration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 1997

One cytopathogenic virus was isolated in alveolar macrophages from pig without any apparent respiratory clinical signs. Biophysical properties and electron microscopy of the isolate showed the characteristics of adenovirus. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in virus-inoculated cells. The genetic analysis indicated the presence of DNA with the size of >20Kb. In a serological survey of 40 serum samples collected from two different farms in slaughter house, 9 sera were positive for neutralizing antibody against the isolate. The potential implications of the isolate as the causative agent in respiratory disorder were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2000

An epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate fowl typhoid outbreaks in Kyungnam province of Korea. The causative agent, salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 68 chicken samples of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid cases occurred during the period from January 1996 to September 1999. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the diagnostic methods for detection of S gallinam The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of the 68 cases of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid, 56 (82%) cases were determined as fowl typhoid by biochemical test and pathological findings. The other 12 (18%) cases were determined as paratyphoid. 2. Fowl typhoid outbreaks occur continuously all seasons in the year, however the incidence was remarkably increased from May to September. 3. The frequency of incidence of fowl typhoid in terms of regional distribution was relatively high in egg-laying hens facilities, and the mode of transmission is likely to be either egg-to-egg or lateral transfer by wild birds or rats. 4. All of 18 isolates from 56 cases were identified as S gallinarum by biochemical and serological test. 5. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test against 18 isolates showed that the isolates were highly susceptible to ASH, CZ, CF and GM (above 90%), whereas those strains were 100% resistant to EM, NA and PC. 6. S gallinarum rfbS gene was targeted to be amplified by PCR for comparative detection of S gallinarum in the experimentally infected chickens. The amplified 720bp DNA fragment, which is specific in D serogroup strains of S enterica subspecies was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. 7. A comparison made between fecal culture and PCR-method revealed that later-method was relatively higher in detection rate than that of former method for S gallinarum. 8. Comparison of currently applied methods, rapid serum agglutination test (RST) and microplate agglutination test (MAT), with experimentally infected chickens were made to evaluate sensitivity of detection by neutralizing antibody titration. Both methods detected neutralizing antibodies from the challenged chickens of 5 day post infection. However, positive reactions were determined after 7 and 9 days post infection by MAT and RST, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

Bovine enteroviruses (BEVs) were separated into two groups, BEV-1 and BEV-2. BEVs, found in cattle worldwide, usually cause asymptomatic infections and are excreted in the feces of infected animals. Antibodies against BEV have been found in different species including human, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, horses and monkeys in the world. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of the neutralizing antibodies for BEVs in human and animals in Korea. Antibodies against BEV-1 in humans, cattle, pigs, goats, horses and dogs were shown to be 46.8%, 48.3%, 70.6%, 11.5%, 11.5% and 6.3% respectively. Also, antibodies against BEV-2 were shown to be 98.7%, 68.1%, 89.2%, 59.4%, 9.4% and 96.9% respectively. We found that the neutralizing antibodies against these viruses are common in Korea. The prevalences of antibodies against BEV-1 were lower than those against BEV-2 in humans and in all animals except horses. These results showed that the BEV is considered endemic in cattle in many regions in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 1996

한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질 (N)은 이 바이러스에 대한 중요한 항원으로 작용하지만 신증후출혈열 예방과 관련된 작용은 명확히 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 내피 단백질이 한탄바이러스에 대한 중화 항체를 유도할 수 있는가 하는 관점에서 수행되었다. 한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질을 대장균에서 용해된 형태로 발현하고 이를 단클론 항체를 이용한 면역친화 컬럼으로 분리 정제하였다. 정제된 내피 단백질을 기니픽에 면역하여 항혈청을 얻고 이것의 한탄바이러스에 대한 중화능력을 중화항체 플락 감소법 (plaque reduction neutralization test)을 이용하여 조사한 결과 최고 1:160의 중화능이 있음을 관찰하였다. 이는 한탄바이러스의 내피 단백질이 중화 항체를 유도할 수 있는 epitopes을 가지고 있음을 의리하며 이러한 생각은 본 연구에서 수행한 면역침강법과 N 단백질에 대한 단클론항체를 이용한 면역친화법을 통한 한탄바이러스의 정제 실험 결과에서도 뒷받침되고 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.483-492
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• 2000

The Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain F glycoprotein H (gH) gene in the pHLB-4 plasmid was recombinated into a baculovirus expression vector (lacZ-HcNPV) to construct a recombinant virus GH-HcNPV expressing gH. The sequences of gH and its expression were analyzed. The gH gene was located in the 6.41 kb BglII fragment. The open reading frame (ORF) of the gH gene was 2,517 bp and codes 838 amino acid residues. Insect cells infected with this recombinant virus synthesized a high level of the matured and gX-gH fusion protein with approximately 112 kDa. The fusion gH protein was localized on the membrane of the insect cells as seen by using immunofluorescence assay and accumulated in the cultured media by the SDS-PAGE and immunoprecipitation assays. The amino acid sequence presents additional characteristics compatible with the structure of a viral glycoprotein: signal peptide, putative glycosylation sites and a long C-terminal transmembrane sequence. Antibodies raised in mice to this recombinant protein recognized viral gH and neutralized the infectivity of HSV-1 in vitro. These results demonstrate that it is possible to produce a mature protein by gene transfer in eukaryotic cells, and indicate the utility of the HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins. Furthermore, the neutralizing antibodies would appear to protect mice against HSV; accordingly, this particular recombinant protein may be useful in the development of a subunit vaccine.