• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory of change of diverse attention and working memory in Koreans from 4 to 40 years of age. Methods: The data of 912 subjects from 4 to 15 years of age obtained from a previous standardization study of the computerized comprehensive attention test were merged with the newly obtained data of 150 subjects aged 16 to 40 years from this study. We evaluated the various kinds of attention, in which each subtest had five indicators. Working memory, with parameters such as number of correct responses and span, was also measured. Results: Our findings indicated that attention developed as age increased, and it decreased or was maintained after a certain age. Selective and sustained attention developed rapidly in children and adolescents, until mid-teens or 20 s when it ceased development. Divided attention, however, developed up to approximately age 20. In addition, working memory developed until mid-teens or 20 s. Conclusion: We presented the standardized data on diverse kinds of attention and working memory in children, adolescents, and adults in Korea. We could recognize any patterns of change in attention and working memory with increasing age.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.211-228
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• 2013

Objectives : This report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of Collaborative Practice between Korean Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine for two dementia patients. Furthermore, through these cases, we suggest a model of collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine for the treatment of dementia. Methods : Two patients suffering from several symptoms related to dementia received collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine. Physicians of deparment which paient first visit interviewed patient and patient's guardians, discussed the symptoms and the status of the patient. Since then, the medical team made a differential diagnosis based on the results of brain imaging, hematology, urine test. and apprehended the status of dementia by the neuropsychological test. Korean traditional physicians examined the physical symptoms and identified the pattern of dementia in Korean traditional medicine. Following this, they decided on the method of acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and herbal treatment. Western physicians decided on the type of medication after consideration of the patient's other medical conditions. Every intervention was decided by both Korean traditional physicians and western physicians after discussion. The medical team provided education on dementia and counseled the guardians. They also wrote the paper for using the long-term care insurance for the aged. Results : Two patients showed no improvement on the neuropsychologic and activity of daily living tests. However, the patients' subjective physical symptoms were improved. The collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine improved the patients' and guardians' satisfaction. Conclusions : Through these cases, we propose a model of collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine for dementia categorized diagnosis-test, treatment, prevention, management. More specifically, we supplement qigong and psychotherapy which was inadequate in these cases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2009

Purpose : To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), karyotyping, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), electroencephalogram (EEG), tandem mass screening test, and newborn metabolic screening test in children with language delay for diagnosing underlying diseases. Methods : From January 2000 to June 2007, a retrospective chart review was performed for 122 children with language delay who visited the Child Neurology Clinic at Yeungnam University Hospital and who underwent neuropsychologic tests and other diagnostic evaluations for underlying diseases. They were grouped into phenomenological diagnostic categories, and test results were analyzed according to the underlying diseases. Results : Of 122 patients, 47 (38.5%) had mental retardation, 40 (32.8%) had developmental language disorders, 23 (18.9 %) had borderline IQ, and 12 (9.8%) had autism spectrum disorder. In 26 (21.3%) cases, the causes or relevant clinical findings to explain language delay were found. Eight (10.4%) of 77 MRIs, 6 (8.0%) of 75 EEGs, and 4 (5%) of 80 BAEPs showed abnormal results. Results directly attributed to diagnosing underlying diseases were 2 hearing defects in BAEPs and 1 bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia in MRIs. No abnormal results were found in karyotyping, tandem mass screening tests, and new-born screening tests. Conclusion : Commonly used tests to diagnose the cause of language delay are not very effective and should only be used selectively, according to patient characteristics. However, despite the low diagnostic yields from these tests, because many patients show abnormal results, these tests are useful when conducted in complete evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.270-278
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to understand the clinical characteristics and course of inpatient severe ADHD. Methods : This study retrospectively investigated the chief complaints, history, demographics, neuropsychologic test, psychosocial status of 63 (male 58, female 5) inpatients from a single center with severe attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) during January 1, 1996 to October 31, 2002. Results : The patients with inpatient severe ADHD revealed a male to female ratio of 11.6 : 1 and the average age of onset was 5.3 years(63.6 months, SD 24.3 months) . Comorbidities were noted in 56/63 $(88.9\%)$ patients with the following frequencies : comorbid conduct disorder, 35$(55.6\%)$, mental retardation (MR), 24$(38.1\%)$, mood disorder, 5$(7.9\%)$, tic and Tourette's disorder, 4$(6.4\%)$, oppositional defiant disorder, 4$(5.0\%)$. Chief complaints for admission related to ADHD in 23$(36.5\%)$ patients while 37$(58.7\%)$ patients admitted due to symptoms associated to conduct disorder (CD). The mean onset age of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years (108.2 months, SD28.8 months), and the average interval between onsets of ADHD and delinquency was 3.6 years (42.9 months, SD32.0 months). Patients who showed early delinquency tended to have an earlier onset of ADHD (p<0.05). Conclusion : The demographics, natural course, and psychosocial factors of hospitalized ADHD patients were similar to prior studies of ADHD in the general population. The onset of age was 5.3 years, and the onset of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years. The earlier symptoms of ADHD manifested, the earlier delinquency appeared. Most patients were admitted due to chief complaints related to CD. Comorbidities, most of which were CD, were seen in $88.9\%$ of the patients.