• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2022

Objective: This clinical study describes the effect of Korean medicine on a patient with Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Case presentation: A patient with the delayed neuropsychiatric effects of carbon monoxide exposure was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Korean Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). After 32 days of treatment, the patient's K-MMSE score increased from 11 to 21 points, the FIM score from 52 to 94 points, and the MBI score from 46 to 84 points. There were no side effects. Conclusion: According to this case study, Korean medicine may be considered an effective treatment for delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae, although more studies are needed to confirm its validity.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 1995

The Neuropsychiatric assessment and management of postconcussion syndrome(PCS), the most prevalent and controversial neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury, were reviewed. First, the definition and general concept of postconcussion syndrome Were summerized. This summary was followed by an overview of the clinical manifestation including cognitive, somatic, and behavioral components of PCS. Next, neuropsychological findings related to PCS were presented. Finally, the treatment issues including psychotherapy and pharamacotherapy were briefly summerized.

• 신경정신의학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2018

A large proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a poor response to first-line antipsychotic drugs, which is termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies found that a different neurobiology might underlie treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which necessitates the development of different therapeutic approaches for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study reviewed previous studies on the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the pharmacological intervention, and forthcoming investigations of treatment-resistant schizophrenia are suggested.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.302-308
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• 1996

A case of rapid cycling mania secondary to gamma-knife radiosurgery for the treatment of refractory epilepsy was reported. A 21-year old woman who had a gamma-knife radiosurgical operation for the treatment of refractory seizure two years ago was admitted because of manic episodes. Although seizure was relieved, manic symptoms like decreased need for sleep, elated mood, unprovoked laughing, grandiose delusion and bizarre behaviors were developed 11 months after the operation. These symptoms recurred lour rimes for eight months. There were no past personal and family history of mood disorders. Laboratory examinations including electroencephalogram ana endocrinological study did not show any abnormal findings. The rapid cycling secondary manic was relieved by lithium. She was then discharged after 5 months. Mood change was not significant during follow-up while hypomania emerged by dose reduction. The secondary mania seemed to be caused or triggered by the right temporal lobe damage induced by gamma-knife radiosurgery.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2000

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on ${\ulcorner}Euhak-Ipmun\;Sang-Han{\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$醫學入門\;傷寒${\lrcorner}$) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in ${\ulcorner}Euhak-Ipmun\;Sang-Han{\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$醫學入門\;傷寒${\lrcorner}$) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) is used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in Euhak-Ipmun${\cdot}$Sang-Han (醫學入門${\cdot}$傷寒), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. PaI-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in ${\ulcorner}Euhak-Ipmun\;Sang-Han{\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$醫學入門;傷寒${\lrcorner}$) are improved by Lee-Chun who added Jang-Gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum Won. 4. Lee-Chun believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the ‘Unbalance(不平)’. So he wanted to reach harmony of ‘Jeong(精), Qi(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)’ after improving the status of $‘Unbalance(\;{\ulcorner}不平{\lrcorner})’$ toward the status of ‘Balance(平)’.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was intended to review the research trends of treating neuropsychiatric diseases and symptoms with Traditional Chinese Medicine containing Haematitum. Methods: Articles were obtained through the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) by searching with 'Haematitum' as the main key word, and supportive words related with neuropsychiatric diseases and symptoms were selected. There were 61 articles related to clinical fields, which were then classified according to study design. Results: The 61 articles were categorized into the following types of study design: 3 randomized controlled trials, 1 quasi-randomized trial, 3 simple-designed clinical trials, and 54 case studies. Decoctions containing Haematitum were used to treat diseases and symptoms such as vertigo, headache, stroke, epilepsy, neurosis, globus hystericus, fishbilepoisoning, insomnia, mania, post-traumatic brain syndrome, and kinesia. All articles reported a good rate of effectiveness. There was no poor responsiveness regarding the effects of Haematitum in 9 studies, but it was not mentioned in the other 52 studies. Decoctions self-prepared by the authors were used in 28 studies. Modified Seonbokdeja-tang, modified Banhabeakchulcheonma-tang, modified Ondam-tang were used in that order of frequency. The daily dosage of Haematitum provided was 0.2~6 g in powder, and 9~60 g in decoction. Conclusions: Decoctions containing Haematitum are used restrictively in the neuropsychiatric clinical scene. While there were no reports of poor responsiveness of the effects of Haematitum, more research is needed to confirm its clinical stability.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2021

Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of cullin 4-RING E3 ligase (CRL4) regulates the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Jun, mediating the lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular response. However, the upstream signaling pathway that regulates this process is unknown. In this study, we describe how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reversely regulates sequestosome-1 (p62)and c-Jun protein levels. Furthermore, our study reveals that expression of p62 attenuates c-Jun protein levels through the ubiquitinproteasome system. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of p62 elevates c-Jun protein levels. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments demonstrate that p62 interacts with c-Jun and CRBN to form a ternary protein complex. Moreover, we find that CRBN knockdown completely abolishes the inhibitory effect of p62 on c-Jun. Using brefeldin A as an inducer of ER stress, we demonstrate that the p62/c-Jun axis participates in the regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis, and that CRBN is required for this regulation. In summary, we have identified an upstream signaling pathway, which regulates p62-mediated c-Jun degradation. Our findings elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism by which p62/c-Jun axis regulates the ER stress-induced apoptosis, and provide a new molecular connection between ER stress and apoptosis.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2012

The placebo effect, a response observed during the placebo arm of a clinical trial, is produced by the psychobiological action of the placebo as well as by other potential contributors to symptom amelioration such as spontaneous improvement, regression to the mean, biases, concurrent treatments, and study design. From a psychological viewpoint, there are many mechanisms that contribute to placebo effects, including expectations, conditioning, learning, and anxiety reduction. Placebo responses are also mediated by opioid and non-opioid mechanisms including dopamine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and immune mediators. During recent years, a trend towards increased placebo effects in clinical trials of neuropsychiatric drugs has been noted. Indeed, the placebo effects observed in clinical trials constitute an increasing problem and interfere with signal-detection analyses of potential treatments. Several potential factors including protocol/study design and conduct related factors may account for the placebo effect observed in clinical trials. This paper reviews key issues related to this problem and aims to identify potential solutions.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed investigation of clinical development to child neuropsychiatry through the oriental western medical approach of child neuropsychiatric disorders Methods : As DSM-IV and ICD-10 set a standard for clinical expression. According to this standard and oriental medical diseases, child neuropsychiatric disorders are divided into six symptoms Results and Conclusion : 1. View point of oriental medicine, Psycho Somatic stroke(inclusive of the spasm) place under the category 'Epilepsy(癎)', 'Children's fit(驚風)' and 'Chi-Kyeung(?痙)'. 2. View point of oriental medicine, Mental Retardation place under the category 'Dementia(?)', 'Amnesia(健忘)' and 'Speech Disorder(語遲)' 3. View point of oriental medicine, Emotional Disorder place under the category 'Adjustment Disorder(客?)', 'Cry with anxiety at night(夜啼症)', 'Gi-Byung(?病)' and 'Child depressive Disorder(小兒癲症)' 4. View point of oriental medicine, Conduct development Disorder place under the category 'Physical frail of five part(五軟)' and 'Physical stiff of five part(五硬)'. 5. View point of oriental medicine, Childhood Psychosis place under the category 'Insanity(癲狂)'. 6. View point of oriental medicine, Somatoform Disorder place under the category 'Palpitation of the heart(驚悸)', 'Vomiting and Diarrhea(吐瀉)', 'Asthma(喘)', 'Headache(頭痛)' and 'Enuresis(遺尿)'

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

1. According to causes of attack and symptoms, tinnitus is divided into two categories; deficiency and excess. Causes of excess syndrome of tinnitus were wind fire in the liver and gallbladder, phlegm fire, blood stagnation, and heat in meridian system and the causes of deficiency syndrome of tinnitus were qi deficiency or blood deficiency after an illness or delivery, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, and deficiency of sea of the marrow. 2. Tinnitus was related to the vicera and bowels, especially to liver, gallbladder and urinary bladder. 3. In regard of method of treatment, tonify kidney, nourish heart, clear the liver and discharge heat are used according to visera and bowel theory. Clear phlegm and downbear fire are used for phlegm fire. Tonify spleen and kidney is used for ancestral vessel deficiency. Dispel wind and dissipate fire can be used according to theory of five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors. 4. The basal meridian of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment were the channels of Shaoyang.. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of tinnitus, sudden anger and depression of mind were the main mechanism of disease and liver fire was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric tinnitus were Dangguiyonghuehwan, and Yongdamsagantang.