• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2023

Purpose: Cerebellar injury can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, stroke, and tumor. Cerebellar injury can manifest in different clinical symptoms and signs depending on the size and location of the injury. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the recovery patterns of each motor function by tracking the motor levels of patients with cerebellar injury. Methods: This study recruited 11 patients with quadriplegia resulting from cerebellar injury. The motricity index (MI), modified Brunnstrom classification (MBC), and functional ambulation category (FAC) methods were used to evaluate motor levels. The motor function evaluation was performed immediately after the onset of the condition and at intervals of one month, two months, and six months after onset. Results: The MI values of the upper and lower extremities and hand function (MBC) indicated severe paralysis in the early stages of onset. Compared to the onset time, significant motor function recovery was observed after 1, 2, and 6 months (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant pattern of recovery between 1, 2, and 6 months after onset (p > 0.05). FAC indicated showed significant recovery at one month compared to onset (p<0.05), and there was also a significant difference between 1 and 2 months (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in FAC between 2 and 6 months (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with cerebellar injury showed significant recovery in functions related to muscle strength and voluntary muscle control one month after onset and gradually recovered further over the next six months. On the other hand, gait function, which is closely related to balance, showed a relatively slow recovery pattern from the beginning of the disease to the six month follow-up.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : To verify the interrater reliability of upper extremity function assessment among three tools(Wolf motor function test, Motor assessment scale, Fugl-meyer assessment scale). Methods : The subjects of this study 40 (20 was physical therapists and 20 was physical therapy students). For the test one patients with chronic hemiparesis after stroke participated in the study. The Wolf Motor Function Test consists of 16 functional tasks. The motor assessment scale consists of 3 functional tasks. The fugl-meyer assessment scale consists of 8 functional tasks. All test sessions were videotaped and scored by 40 subjects. Analysis : The data was analysis by SPSS PC 14.0 with Cronbach alpha Coefficients, intraclass Correlation Coefficients Kendall tau-b value. Results : WMFT was highly scored in Cronbach's value, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.819$ that means high interrater reliability among assessment. WMFT was highly scored all items in p-value except one item, that means high p-value between therapists and students. WMFT was highly scored in Intrarater correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79, that means high interrater reliability of each examination item. WMFT was low index of coincidence from all items, MAS was low index of coincidence from a tim and FMA was low index of coincidence from 4 items. Conclusion : The interrater reliability of WMFT were compared with MAS, FMA and highly verified. WMFT can be more useful tool among upper extremity function assessment.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 20대 대학생들을 대상으로 45도 기대어 앉은 자세에서 실시한 PNF호흡운동을 통해 폐활량과 최대환기량에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 대상자는 20대 대학생 정상인 20명을 실험군 10명과 대조군 10명으로 동공처리방식으로 배치하였다. 실험은 4주간 실시하였는데 이때 1주일에 3회로, 1회 30분씩 실시하였다. 실험방법으로 실험군은 45도 기대어 앉은 자세에서 PNF를 적용한 호흡운동을 30분간 실시하였고 대조군은 45도 기대어 앉은 자세에서 횡격막호흡운동을 30분간 실시하였다. 실험대상자들은 실험 전과 후에 폐활량측정기로 폐활량과 최대환기량을 측정하여 기록을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 실험군이 대조군보다 폐활량, 최대환기량에서 유의한 증가가 나타났다(p<.05). 결과를 통해 45도 기대어 앉은 자세에서 PNF를 이용한 호흡운동을 실시 할 때 실험자의 수기로 인한 적절한 저항을 적용하는 PNF패턴이 이완성 호흡을 중시하는 횡격막호흡운동보다 더 크게 호흡능력의 증가가 나타난 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate the histopathological change and adaptation process of the mandibular joint of the rat by muscle alteration. For this study, one hundred and twenty eight rats of 25 - and 60 - day old of age were used. Unilateral and bilateral detachment, with anterior positioning of the Masseter muscle, was performed under anesthesia. The animal was sacrified 10, 20, 50, 80 days postoperatively. This alteration in muscle function led to change in neuromuscular activity and demonstrated the adaptive nature of the condyle cartilage to functional demand. The results were as follows : 1. In the right muscle detached group, operated at 25 days of age, marked decrease on the chondroblastic zone was found in the condyle head on the right side of animals examined 10 days postoperatively. Comparing with the control group, no difference was found on the chondroblastic zone in the condylar head of animals examined 20, 50 and 80 days postoperatively. 2. In the bilateral muscle detached group, operated at 25 days of age, the chondroblastic zone was slightly decreased in the anterior parts of condylar head of animals examined 10 days postoperatively. 3. In the unilateral and bilateral muscle detached group, operated at 60 days of age, no significant change was found in the mandibular joint regardless of the post operative experimental periods. 4. Under Toluidine blue staining, slightly decreased metachromasia was found in the condyle head on the right side of unilateral experimental animals, operated at 25 days of age and examined 10 days postoperatively. 5. Under Masson's trichrome staining, increased metachromasia was found in the condyle head on the right side of unilateral experimental animals, operated at 25 days of age and examined 10 days postoperatively. In summary, the condyle of the rat could respond to changes in neuromuscular activity depend on the level of maturation of the tissue, because the endochondral bone formation of the condyle of the rat was almost ended within 3 months.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

Proper synaptic function in neural circuits requires precise pairings between correct pre- and post-synaptic partners. Errors in this process may underlie development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Development of ASD can be influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). In this study, we focused on a CNV occurring at the 16p11.2 locus in the human genome and investigated potential defects in synaptic connectivity caused by reduced activities of genes located in this region at Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions, a well-established model synapse with stereotypic synaptic structures. A mutation of rolled, a Drosophila homolog of human mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) at the 16p11.2 locus, caused ectopic innervation of axonal branches and their abnormal defasciculation. The specificity of these phenotypes was confirmed by expression of wild-type rolled in the mutant background. Albeit to a lesser extent, we also observed ectopic innervation patterns in mutants defective in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93, all of which were expected to interact with Rolled MAPK3. A further genetic analysis in double heterozygous combinations revealed a synergistic interaction between rolled and Gp93. In addition, results from RT-qPCR analyses indicated consistently reduced rolled mRNA levels in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93 mutants. Taken together, these data suggest a central role of MAPK3 in regulating the precise targeting of presynaptic axons to proper postsynaptic targets, a critical step that may be altered significantly in ASD.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on stroke patients' recovery of their balancing and walking abilities. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients aged at least 60 years and diagnosed with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to either a PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise group of 15 patients or an aero-step balance exercise group of 15 patients. To test the subjects' balancing and walking abilities, balancing ability tests and 10-m walking speed tests were conducted before and after the interventions. The patients performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. The PNF exercise group performed six stages of exercise consisting of a combination of PNF patterns such as sprinting, skating, and striking. The six stages (right striking, right skating, right sprinting, left striking, left skating, and left sprinting) were performed continuously with a rest period of 1 min. after training for 4 min. The exercises for the aero-step balance group consisted of balancing in a two-leg standing position, weight shifting in a two-leg standing position, one-leg standing, squat exercises, marching in place, and squatting on an aero step. Results: The PNF exercise group showed significant improvements in their balancing ability evaluations compared to the aero-step balance group and also showed significant improvements in their 10-m walking speed tests. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise resulted in clinical improvements of stroke patients' balancing and walking abilities. Therefore, this type of exercise is recommended as a clinical intervention for the recovery of stroke patients' lower-limb function. Future studies should be conducted with longer intervention periods and more subjects to generalize the study results.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

PURPOSE: To solve the problems of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients complaining of muscle fatigue and having limited motor abilities, this study provided the clinical basic data for pulmonary rehabilitation by examining the effects of High Low-Frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on the respiratory muscle strength, quadriceps muscle activity, and life quality. METHODS: Samples were collected from 20 COPD patients and placed randomly in a low-frequency group (n=10) and high-frequency group (n=10). For a pretest, the respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), quadriceps muscle activity (LF, VM, VL), and life quality (SGRQ) were measured. After applying NMES to each group for 30 minutes at a time, five times a week, for four weeks, a posttest was conducted in the same way as the pretest. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant differences in the respiratory muscle strength, quadriceps muscle activity, and quality of life within the groups and there were significant differences in the quadriceps muscle activity between the groups. CONCLUSION: The four-weeks NMES positively influenced the respiratory muscle strength and life quality by enhancing the function of the quadriceps and exercise tolerance. In particular, high-frequency(75 Hz) NMES was more effective than low-frequency (15 Hz) NMES. This result can be an alternative means to improve the physical functions of COPD patients clinically in the future.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to utilize the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) tool to identify a problem list and explore intervention effects using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for improving the crosswalk performance of patients who have undergone a bilateral hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The subject of this study was a 43-year-old male who had undergone a bilateral hip arthroplasty. To address the subject's functional status, a clinical decision-making process was carried out in the order of examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and outcome. Patient information during the examination was collected using the ICF core set. The evaluation involved listing the items of each problem using the ICF assessment sheet and identifying the interaction between activity limitations and the impairment level. The diagnosis explicitly described the causal relationships derived from the evaluation using ICF terminology. The prognosis presented activity goals, body function, and structured goals in terms of the activity and participation levels that needed to be achieved for an individual's functional status. The intervention approached problems through the four components of the PNF philosophy, namely basic principles and procedures, techniques, and patterns, in an indirect-direct-task sequence. Results were compared before and after the intervention using the ICF evaluation display. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the primary activity limitation, which was the walking time across the crosswalk, showed improvement, and the trunk's counter rotation and the weight-bearing capacity of both the lower limbs, which were impairment level indicators, were enhanced. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PNF intervention strategies will serve as a positive approach for improving crosswalk walking in patients with bilateral hip arthroplasty.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 고유수용성신경근촉진법(PNF)를 이용한 중재프로그램이 조음기관의 기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 뇌졸중 환자 중에 PNF을 이용한 프로그램을 실시한 실험군 4명, 조음기관 훈련프로그램을 실시한 대조군 4명, 어떠한 중재도 하지 않은 통제군 4명을 대상으로 주 3회 30분~50분씩 총 24회기 동안 실시하였다. 각 집단별로 사전, 사후 최대발성시간(MPT), 교대운동속도(AMR), 연속운동속도(SMR)을 평가하여 비교하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 실험군은 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 대조군은 AMR의 /터/, /아/, /러/에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며. 통제군은 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 PNF를 이용한 프로그램이 뇌졸중 환자의 조음기관의 기능을 향상시키는데 가장 효과적이며, 특히 혀의 기능을 증진시키는데 효과적이라고 할 수 있다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

Purpose: The study investigated the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy with myofascial release techniques (ESWT+MFR) on pain, movement, and function in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Methods: Forty participants with upper trapezius trigger points were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The experimental group performed the ESWT+MFR, and the control group performed only myofascial release techniques. Each group was treated for 15 minutes, twice a week for four weeks. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale and a pressure pain threshold measure. Movement was assessed by cervical range of motion, and cervical and shoulder function were assessed on the Constant-Murley Scale and the Neck Disability Index before and after treatment. Results: The results indicate statistically significant improvements in the two groups on all parameters after intervention as compared to baseline (p < 0.05). As compared to the control group, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements on the visual analogue scale and pressure pain threshold, cervical range of motion (except rotation), and on the Neck Disability Index (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The ESWT+MFR is more effective than myofascial release techniques for pain, movement, and function in patients with myofascial pain syndrome and would be clinically useful for physical therapists treating myofascial pain syndrome.