• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.167-183
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• 2018

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording provides a new way to support human-machine communication. It gives us an opportunity to analyze the neuro-dynamics of human cognition. Machine learning is a powerful for the EEG classification. In addition, machine learning can compensate for high variability of EEG when analyzing data in real time. However, the optimal EEG electrode location must be prioritized in order to extract the most relevant features from brain wave data. In this paper, we propose an intelligent system model for the extraction of EEG data by training the optimal electrode location of EEG in a specific problem. The proposed system is basically a fuzzy system and uses a neural network structurally. The fuzzy clustering method is used to determine the optimal number of fuzzy rules using the features extracted from the EEG data. The parameters and weight values found in the process of determining the number of rules determined here must be tuned for optimization in the learning process. Genetic algorithms are used to obtain optimized parameters. We present useful results by using optimal rule numbers and non - symmetric membership function using EEG data for four movements with the right arm through various experiments.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2017

A variety of medical devices are utilized to repair or help injured body functions after accidental injury(such as a traffic accident), population aging, or disease. Such medical devices are being actively researched and developed in portable form, skin patchable type, and further, implantable form. In the future, active implantable medical devices for neuro and brain sciences are expected to be developed. Active implantable medical devices that detect brain signals and control neurology for a wider understanding of human cognition and nerve functions, and for an understanding and treatment of various diseases, are being actively pursued for future use. In this paper, the core elements of implantable devices that can be applied to neuro and brain sciences are classified into electrode technologies for bio-signal acquisition and stimulation, analog/digital circuit technologies for signal processing, human body communication technologies, wireless power transmission technologies for continuous device use, and device integration technologies to integrate them. In each chapter, the latest technology development trends for each detailed technology field are reviewed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

최근 많은 디지털 콘텐츠가 제시되고 있지만, 발달장애 아동 중 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 한 디지털 콘텐츠는 거의 제작되지 않았다. 지적장애 아동의 인지 개선을 위한 훈련프로그램을 기존의 대면 도제식 수업이 아닌 비대면 원격으로 수업을 진행하기 위해서는 디지털 콘텐츠 기반의 훈련 프로그램이 필요하다. 본 연구는 게임 기반으로 제작된 뉴로월드의 항목과 K-WISC-IV의 소항목과 비교하여 항목 간 상관관계로 공인 타당도를 분석함으로써 새로운 인지훈련 프로그램을 제시하고자 하였다. 검사항목과 훈련 항목 간의 상관관계에 있어 일부 타당성이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 이는 일부분의 훈련 항목이 공인 타당성을 지니고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 신뢰도 측면에서는 Cronbach 알파값이 0.794로 지적장애 아동들의 게임 수행력과 각 게임마다의 레벨 상승 정도가 어느 정도 신뢰성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인지훈련 도구의 임상실험을 위한 향후 연구에 있어서 유의미한 결과로 사료된다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-43
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• 2010

본고에서는 인식론의 여러 분야인 선천주의(nativism), 경험주의(empiricism), 구성주의(constructivism) 등이 신경생물학적으로 어떻게 대응되어 나타나는가를 고찰하고, 그들 주장의 장단점을 살펴본다. 두 번째로 위의 이론들을 통해 수학교육의 기본이 되는 수인지(numerical/mathematical cognitipn) 분야를 소개하고 현재 연구 동향과 수학교육에의 적용을 모색한다. 이어서 fMRI 등의 뇌영상 촬영기법 등을 통해 현재까지 알려진 기초 대수적 활동과 관련된 두뇌 영역을 확정해보고자 한다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 신경되먹임(Neurofeedback; NFB)을 통한 뇌파 훈련과 컴퓨터보조 인지 재활(Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation; CACR) 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 인지, 상지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중 후 3개월에서 1년 이내이며, 경기도 소재 병원에서 입원치료중인 환자 44명을 NFB군(14명)과 CACR군(14명), 대조군(16명)의 세 그룹으로 배치시켰다. NFB 훈련과 CACR 훈련은 6주간에 걸쳐 실시하였으며 사전, 사후 평가기간을 포함하여 총 9주간 연구를 진행하였다. 측정은 인지, 상지 기능을 측정하였으며 훈련 전후와 그룹간의 인지, 상지 기능의 변화를 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구대상자들의 훈련방법에 따른 인지기능의 차이를 알아보기 위해 한국형 간이정신상태 검사(Mini-Mental State Examination-Kore; MMSE-K) 총점의 변화를 분석한 결과 NFB군은 실험전 16.92 점에서 실험 후 20.50 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였고 CACR군은 실험 전 17.85 점에서 실험 후 22.14 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 대조군도 실험 전 18.62 점에서 실험 후 19.25 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 사후검정 결과 실험방법 간 차이는 보이지 않았다. 상지기능의 차이를 알아보기 위해 뇌졸중 상지 기능인 뇌졸중 상지 기능 검사(Manual Function Test; MFT) 총점을 분석한 결과 상지운동 영역에서 NFB군은 실험 전 4.64 점에서 실험 후 5.50 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였고 CACR군은 실험 전 3.92 점에서 실험 후 5.35 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 대조군도 실험 전 3.68 점에서 실험 후 4.75 점으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 사후검정 결과 실험방법 간 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구는 NFB 훈련과 CACR 훈련, 전통적 재활훈련 이후 인지기능과 상지 기능의 향상을 제시하였으며 앞으로 각 개인에게 적절한 훈련방법을 적용한 NFB 훈련과 CACR 훈련 프로그램 개발 및 프로토콜이 제시되어야 할 것이다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in EEG through attention. Concentration training and performing tasks are important factors in the improvement of motor learning ability. Methods: In the experiment, 22 healthy people were divided into two groups: the trail making test (TMT) group and the computerized neurocognitive function test (CNT) group. A one-way Neuro Harmony M test to see whether there was a significant difference among the groups. Results: The TMT group showed a significant increase in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave. The CNT group showed increases in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there was no significant difference in ${\beta}$ wave. In EEGs before and after two performance tasks were changed, there were significant differences in ${\beta}$ wave, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, ${\beta}$ wave, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence. Conclusion: Attention training and concentration training offer feedback and repetition for constant stimulus and response. Moreover, attention training and concentration training can contribute to new studies and motivation by developing fast sensory and motor skills through acceptable visual and auditory stimulation.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2021

Purpose : This study examined the effects of an integrated management program on physical function, cognitive function, and depression in patients with subacute stroke. Methods : A nonequivalent control group design was adopted. The participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=20) or control group (n=23). The experimental group received an 8-week integrated management program and standard rehabilitation service (i.e., physical therapy and occupational therapy), while the control group received the standard rehabilitation service only. Physical function was measured as gait speed and balance ability using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Cognitive function was measured with neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination (NCSE), and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine changes in physical function, cognitive function, and depression over 8-weeks. Results : The interaction between group and time was significant, indicating that the experimental group showed improvement in gait speed, balance ability, cognitive function (linguistic ability, linguistic memory, reasoning), and a decrease in depression compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that the integrated management program developed herein was beneficial in restoring physical function, cognitive function, and depression in subacute stroke patients.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2017

Background : Behavioral stress has been suggested as one of the significant factors that is able to disrupt physiological systems and cause depression as well as changes in various body systems. The stressful events can alter cognition, learning, memory and emotional responses, resulting in mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Results : We used a restraint stress model to evaluate the alteration of behavior and stress-related blood parameter. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of five animals each group. Furthermore, we assessed the change of body weight to evaluate the locomotor activity as well as status of emotional and anxiety in mice. After 7 days of restraint stress, the body weight had significantly decreased in the restraint stress group compared with the control group. We also observed stress-associated behavioral alterations, as there was a significant decrease in open field and forced swim test, whereas the immobilization time was significantly increased in the stress group compared to the control group. We observed the morphological changes of neuronal death and microglia by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In our study restraint stress did not cause change in neuronal cell density in the frontal cortex and CA1 hippocampus region, but there was a trend for an increased COX-2 and iNOS protein expression and microglia (CD11b) in brain, which is restraint stress. Conclusion : Our study, there were significant alterations observed in the behavioral studies. We found that mice undergoing restraint stress changed behavior, confirming the increased expression of inflammatory factors in the brain.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.419-434
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• 2013

Objectives: The object of this study is to observe the cognition and motor function recovery effects of Joojakwhan (JJW), a traditional Korean poly-herbal formula for treating various neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia, for the mildly stroke rats, with 60 minutes of reperfusion transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Methods: In the present study, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of JJW were orally administered, once per day for 10 continuous days 2 hours after the tMCAO. The body weight changes, infarct sizes under 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain, sensorimotor functions and cognitive motor behavior tests were serially monitored with cerebral caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-immunoreactivities and histopathological changes. The effects of tMCAO on sensorimotor functions were evaluated by using of limb placing and body-swing tests, and the cognitive motor behaviors were also observed with water maze tests. Results: From the results of tMCAO, with marked decreases of body weights, disorders of sensorimotor functions increases the limb placing test scores, and decrease the numbers and percentages of body swings to the ipsilateral sides. The cognitive motor behaviors increases the distances and time to reach the escape platform which included the inhibitions of the decreases with repeated trials that were observed with focal cerebral cortex infarct volumes. In addition, the marked increases of the atrophy, numbers of degeneration, caspase-3- and PARP-immunoreactive cells around peri-infarct ipsilateral cerebral cortex were also observed in tMCAO controls when compared with the sham control rats, respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that oral administrations of JJW indicate obvious cognitions and motor function recoveries of the rats with tMCAO, mild strokes, which are mediated by neuro-protective effects through known antioxidant effects of components.