• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.863-867
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• 2013

A series of azo disperse dyes having dicyanovinyl groups was synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile from carbonyl substituted phenylazo disperse dyes which were prepared by conventional diazo coupling reaction of aniline derivatives as diazo components. A variety of coupling components such as anilines, an indole and a pyridone were used. The azo disperse dyes were evaluated for their spectral properties and dyeing assessment on the polyester fabrics. The azo disperse dyes containing dicyanovinyl groups showed bathochromic shifts and darker colors due to increased electron withdrawing strength in their azo components and extended conjugation by dicyanovinyl groups than their parent carbonyl substituted azo dyes. The dyes containing 2-acetylamino-5-methoxy substituent in the coupling component exhibited higher wavelength of maximum absorbance (${\lambda}_{max}$) and significant negative solvatochromism than those of other dyes due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2022

The mass attenuation coefficient is the primary physical parameter to model narrow beam gamma-ray attenuation. A new machine learning based approach is proposed to model gamma-ray shielding behavior of composites alternative to theoretical calculations. Two fuzzy logic algorithms and a neural network algorithm were trained and tested with different mixture ratios of vanadium slag/epoxy resin/antimony in the 0.05 MeV-2 MeV energy range. Two of the algorithms showed excellent agreement with testing data after optimizing adjustable parameters, with root mean squared error (RMSE) values down to 0.0001. Those results are remarkable because mass attenuation coefficients are often presented with four significant figures. Different training data sizes were tried to determine the least number of data points required to train sufficient models. Data set size more than 1000 is seen to be required to model in above 0.05 MeV energy. Below this energy, more data points with finer energy resolution might be required. Neuro-fuzzy models were three times faster to train than neural network models, while neural network models depicted low RMSE. Fuzzy logic algorithms are overlooked in complex function approximation, yet grid partitioned fuzzy algorithms showed excellent calculation efficiency and good convergence in predicting mass attenuation coefficient.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2020

이 연구는 전전두엽 뉴로피드백 훈련이 청소년의 주의력과 수면에 미치는 영향을 검증할 목적으로 이루어졌다. 청소년의 삶의 질과 학습에 직결되는 주의력과 수면에 대한 다양한 연구 방법 가운데 뉴로피드백 훈련 효과가 과학적으로 입증될 수 있는지 실제 실험을 통하여 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 S시 J여자 고등학교에서 실험군 22명, 대조군 22명으로 구분하여 실험군에게 뉴로피드백 훈련을 실시하였다. 2019년 3월부터 7월 첫 주까지 주3회, 훈시간은 30분씩 하였다. 수집한 뇌파데이터는 선형분석법을 사용하여 고속퓨리에 변환을 통한 주파수계열파워 스펙트럼 분석법을 이용하여 통계처리하였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련 전과 훈련 후의 집단 간 변화 차이는 T-test를 사용하였다. 연구 결과는 전전두엽 뉴로피드백 훈련이 청소년의 주의력을 향상시키고, 수면을 개선시키는 데 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 환경적요소와 교육적 요소가 중요한 역할을 한다. 두 요인의 상호작용은 개인의 독특한 뇌 구조와 기능을 낳기 때문에 뉴로피드백 훈련의 영향은 청소년들에게 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 과학적이고 객관적인 방법을 활용하여 결과를 도출하였다는 것이 중요함을 다시 강조한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2009

Objectives : Antioxidant effects of Gagam-jangwonhwan(LMK01 and 02) water extract against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage and cell death were investigated in rat pheochromocytoma line PC 12. Methods : The cells were treated with LMK01 and 02 water extract and $H_2O_2$, oxidative damage-inducing materials for 24 h. The cellular viability was assessed by WST-1 assay, oxidative damages of the cells by 8-OHdG quantitation, apoptosis by Hoechst 33342 staining assay and activity of antioxidant enzymes by catalase and glutathione peroxidase assay. Results : 1. LMK01 and LMK02 water extracts improved significantly cell viability in $H_2O_2$-treated groups than $H_2O_2$-alone treated cells 2, LMK02 suppressed significantly oxidative damage in $H_2O_2$-treated groups than $H_2O_2$-alone treated cells but LMK01 didn't. Meanwhile, difference of oxidative damages in conditions treated with LMK01 or LMK02 was not significant, 3. The $H_2O_2$ induced-apoptosis in PC 12 cell lines was inhibited effectively by LMK01 and LMK02, and especially the features of apoptosis were obviously reduced in LMK02-treated cells. 4. LMK01 and LMK02 increased significantly activities of both catalase and glutathione peroxidase than those of $H_2O_2$-alone treated group and moreover, LMK02 showed significantly higher activities than those of LMK01. Conclusions : As shown, LMK01 and LMK02 suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage and cell death in PC 12 cell effectively. And they increased activity of major antioxidant enzymes in PC 12 cell line. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of clinical usage over oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Understanding of a clinical trial is essential in developing clinical guideline and adopting evidence based practice. In designing and executing clinical trials, following ethical requirements should be considered : social value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, informed consent, favorable risk-benefit ratio, institutional review board, and respect for human subjects. According to the stage of drug development, purpose of trials, accumulated scientific data, clinical trials for drug development are classified as phase 1, 2, 3, and 4. Phases of clinical trials can be overlapped and the judgment of entering into the next phase should be considered highly strategically. In reading, evaluating and interpreting clinical trial reports, various skills and challenges exist. Patient sample composition, trial duration, selection of endpoints, responders and non-responders, placebo effect, patient recruitment, and extrapolation to the real world are the examples of those challenges. Treatment success will come from the well balanced approach of evidence based decision making and consideration of specific single case.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.248-257
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify basic data for the health fare of normal pregnant women. The number of subjects was 779 pregnant women who received prenatal care in two University hospitals. The data, which were collected from June to October, 1998. and used the questionnaire “Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception” designed by the Research Committee of the Industial Fatigue in Hygienic. Association of Japan Industry. The collected data were scored by use of means and standard deviations according to the subjective symptoms of fatigue and each item as an independent variable was analysed by t-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows : 1) Degree of subjective fatigue showed as an average of 1.81. Fatigue as physical symptoms had the highest score with 2.09. followed by neuro-sensory symptoms, 1.69 and psychological symptoms had the lowest score 1.66. 2) With the respect to the general characteristics of the subjects. there were statiscally significant difference in experience of pregnancy(t＝-2.286, p＝.023). wanted pregnancy(t＝-2.935, p＝.004), parity(t＝-2.429, p＝.015), sleeping time(F＝3.478, p＝.031). and presence of other child(t＝2.347, p＝0.19).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.155-171
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• 1998

Interest in mannual therapy appears to continue to grow among physical therapists. The term 'mannual therapy' has traditionally been associated with physical therapists who examine and treat Patients who have disorders related to the neuro-muscular-articular system.. The manipulative means skilled and specialised use of manual and/or mechanically applied movement techniques, as a part of comprehensive orthopaedic physical therapy for disorders of the moving parts of body. Physical therapists use a large variety of manually applied examination procedures as part of the clincal decision-making process. The purpose of this article is to define and clarify the basic concepts of mannual therapy by comparing the geneal concepts and evaluation schemes of James Cyriax, John McM. Mennell, Geoffrey Maitland, Freddy Kaltenborn, Robin McKenzie, and Ola Grimsby. This article stresses the importance of developing stills in evaluation. Gimsby's approch is presented as a example of modem mannual therapy.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1132-1142
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• 2001

The paper describes the construction of global function approximation models for use in design optimization via global search techniques such as genetic algorithms. Two different approximation methods referred to as evolutionary fuzzy modeling (EFM) and neuro-fuzzy modeling (NFM) are implemented in the context of global approximate optimization. EFM and NFM are based on soft computing paradigms utilizing fuzzy systems, neural networks and evolutionary computing techniques. Such approximation methods may have their promising characteristics in a case where the training data is not sufficiently provided or uncertain information may be included in design process. Fuzzy inference system is the central system for of identifying the input/output relationship in both methods. The paper introduces the general procedures including fuzzy rule generation, membership function selection and inference process for EFM and NFM, and presents their generalization capabilities in terms of a number of fuzzy rules and training data with application to a three-bar truss optimization.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.198-207
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• 2012

This paper presents an overview of automated robotic system for skull drilling, which is performed to access for some neurosurgical interventions, such as brain tumor resection. Currently surgeons use automatic-releasing cranial perforators. The drilling procedure must be performed very carefully to avoid penetration of brain nerve structures; however failure cases are reported. The presented prototype system utilizes both preoperative and intraoperative information. Preoperative CT image is used for robot path planning. A NeuroMate robot with a six-DOF force sensor at the end effector is used for intraoperative operation. Intraoperative cutting force from the force sensor is the key information to revise an initial registration and preoperative path plans. Some possibilities are verified by path simulation but cadaver experiments are required for validation of this prototype.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1670-1681
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• 2005

In-situ diagnosis of chiller performance is an essential step for energy saving business. The main purpose of the in-situ diagnosis is to predict the performance of a target chiller. Many models based on thermodynamics have been proposed for the purpose. However, they have to be modified from chiller to chiller and require profound knowledge of thermodynamics and heat transfer. This study focuses on developing an easy-to-use diagnostic technique that is based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The effect of sample data distribution on training the ANFIS is investigated. It is found that the data sampling over 10 days during summer results in a reliable ANFIS whose performance prediction error is within measurement errors. The reliable ANFIS makes it possible to prepare an energy audit and suggest an energy saving plan based on the diagnosed chilled water supply system.