• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2010

본 논문은 근육의 기능을 조절하는 신경말단에 전기적인 자극을 가하여 신경의 반응 정도를 측정하는 플랫폼 구현에 관한 연구로써, 전기 자극에 대한 신경반응이 가해지는 전류량, 가해지는 전류지속시간, 전극위치에 따른 반응을 측정하였다. 신격자극의 전극 위치는 표면말달 운동신경이면 어느 신경이든지 가능하고, 신격자극 양식에는 단순연축자극(Single Twitch Stimulation), 사연속자극(Train-of-four, TOF), 두 집단 발사자극(Double Burst Stimulation, DBS)이 있다. 임베디드 시스템기반으로 가기위한 저전력 MCU를 선정하고, 기본적인 신경자극반응 측정 센서의 민감도를 알아보기 위해 센서 인터페이스를 구성하여 반응정도를 측정해야 한다. 그리고 측정된 Data의 정확도를 높이기 위해 고성능의 AD Convertor 선정하여 플랫폼을 구현하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2014

The understanding of another's behavior is a fundamental cognitive ability for primates including humans. Recent neuro-physiological studies suggested that there is a direct matching algorithm from visual observation onto an individual's own motor repertories for interpreting cognitive ability. The mirror neurons are known as core regions and are handled as a functionality of intent recognition on the basis of imitative learning of an observed action which is acquired from visual-information of a goal-directed action. In this paper, we addressed previous works used to model the function and mechanisms of mirror neurons and proposed a computational model of a mirror neuron system which can be used in human-robot interaction environments. The major focus of the computation model is the reproduction of an individual's motor repertory with different embodiments. The model's aim is the design of a continuous process which combines sensory evidence, prior task knowledge and a goal-directed matching of action observation and execution. We also propose a biologically inspired plausible equation model.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pelvic tilt training using an inclinometer on joint position sense and postural alignment in individuals with stroke. Methods: Thirty-one subjects with chronic stroke were divided into two groups: the experimental group (16 subjects) and the control group (15 subjects). Subjects in both groups received neuro-developmental therapy five times per week. In addition, the patients in the experimental group also received pelvic tilt training using an inclinometer for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Maximal range of anterior, posterior pelvic tilt and joint position sense were used to evaluate pelvic tilt motion. Image analysis was performed for evaluation of postural alignment on in standing position. Results: Significant difference in Iimprovement of pre- and post-intervention of joint position sense was observed showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all groups. Experimental groups showed sSignificant differences in maximal range of posterior pelvic tilt in on the paretic side were observed in the experimental groups compared to with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that pelvic tilt training using an inclinometer may help to improve range of pelvic tilt and joint position sense of stroke patients.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2023

Grain size in sheet metals in one of the main parameters in determining formability. Grain size control in industry requires delicate process control and equipment. In the present study, effects of grain size on the formability of steel sheets is investigated. Experimental investigation of effect of grain size is a cumbersome method which due to existence of many other effective parameters are not conclusive in some cases. On the other hand, since the average grain size of a crystalline material is a statistical parameter, using traditional methods are not sufficient for find the optimum grain size to maximize formability. Therefore, design of experiment (DoE) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods are coupled together in this study to find the optimum conditions for formability in terms of grain size and to predict forming limits of sheet metals under bi-stretch loading conditions. In this regard, a set of experiment is conducted to provide initial data for training and testing DoE and AI. Afterwards, the using response surface method (RSM) optimum grain size is calculated. Moreover, trained neural network is used to predict formability in the calculated optimum condition and the results compared to the experimental results. The findings of the present study show that DoE and AI could be a great aid in the design, determination and prediction of optimum grain size for maximizing sheet formability.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2023

Compensatory changes in energy consumption and neuro-hormonal changes following weight loss make it difficult to maintain the reduced weight and may cause weight regain. Therefore, establishing a long-term weight control plan and strategy starting from the initial weight loss period is necessary. Both the patient and doctor should know that weight loss cannot occur continuously, and that maintaining weight after the weight loss period is the basic course of obesity treatment. No single dietary pattern is effective for weight maintenance, and a variety of dietary control methods - such as calorie restriction and healthy proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and meal replacements - should be used to target an integrated and healthy dietary habit. An increase in physical activity is needed for weight loss and maintenance; however, rather than recommending an excessive amount of exercise, it is better to set realistic and long-term achievable goals. It is necessary to reset the goal according to the patient's weight maintenance stage and continuously apply behavioral therapies, such as self-monitoring and stress management. In previous studies, since the degree of weight loss and changes in behavioral patterns over the course of one year were important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss, obesity therapists should closely examine patient data and behavioral patterns across a period of one year and actively intervene when needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.100-114
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the effects of rapidly-rotating shift work of two-day interval on fatigue level and the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$. The subjects were 20 nursing college students(control group) and 15 nurses in a university hospital and the study was done from Apr. 21 to May 4th, 1999. In the test group, each 5 nurses were allocated to day shift(8 AM-4 PM), evening shift(4 PM-12 MN) and night shift(12 MN-8 AM) respectively. The fatigue level were measured 30 minutes after work start on the 2nd day of work shift. Urine specimens were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM and 12 MN on the 2nd day of work shift in the control group and 30 minutes before and after work on the 2nd day of work shift in the test group. The data were analyzed with SPSS(for Window, ver 7.5). Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. The perceived fatigue level in shift work 1) The physical and mental fatigue level were significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift(p<0.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, night shift showed higher tendency than that in day or evening shift, but there were no significant differences between each shifts. 2) Comparison between the control group and the test group: Physical fatigue level was significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift of the control group(P<.001). Mental fatigue level was significantly higher in day or night shift than that in evening shift of the control group(P<.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, test group showed higher tendency than that in the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. 3) The total fatigue level was higher in night shift than that in day shift or evening shift(P<.05). In comparing with the control group, night shift and day shift showed higher total fatigue level than that in the control group(p<0.05). 2. The concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ In the control group, urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ showed higher level in afternoon that in morning and night. In the test group, cr in day and evening shift and $Na^+$ in evening shift showed higher level at the end of work. The 17-KS concentration at the begining and the end of work in three shift groups were lower than those in control group(p<0.05), however, $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining of work in day shift, and the end of work in day and evening shift were higher than those in control group(p<0.05). $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining and end of work in night shift were considerably higher than those in control group repectively(p<0.1, p<001). $Na^+$ concentration showed a higher tendency in three shift groups except at the begining of work in night shift, but there were no statistical difference. In comparing concentration of the 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ among the shift groups, 17-KS concentration showed a lower tendency and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ showed a higher tendency in night shift: The result of this study showes that biorhythm of shift work nurse was irregular. Fatigue level as the subjective index for evaluating the health problem concerning shift work was higher in night shift and proved to be in accordance with the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ used as objective indices. Disturbation of biorhythm and work stress due to night shift seems to cause the health problem of nurses and decrease of work efficiency. It is considered that work regualtion is necessary for the rational management of the nursing administration.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The initiation of the trunk muscles in stroke patients is delayed because the muscles involved in reach arm are activated earlier than the trunk muscles. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mobility, balance, and trunk control ability through selective trunk exercise (STE) in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: A randomized pre-test and post-test control group design was initially used, with subjects randomly assigned to the STE group (n=15) and a control group (n=14). All groups underwent physical therapy based on the neuro-developmental therapy (NDT) for 30 minutes a day, five times per week for four weeks. Additionally, the STE group did the trunk exercise for 30 minutes a day, three times per week for four weeks. The timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), and trunk impairment scale (TIS) were used for assessment. RESULTS: The scores of the TUG, BBS, dynamic sitting balance subscale, and coordination subscale of TIS improved significantly in both groups but the improvement was more pronounced in the STE group (p<.05). This study showed a large effect on the scores of the TIS coordination subscale (d=.93) (p<.05), TIS dynamic balance subscale (d=.81) (p<.05), TUG (d=.75) (p<.05), and BBS (d=.73) (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The combined STE and NDT program showed improvements in measures of mobility, balance, and trunk control in chronic stroke patients. These results suggest that STE should be considered to be included in the treatment program for patients with chronic stroke.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10683-10690
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• 2015

The big gap between efficacy of population level prevention and expectations due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancer etiologic factors calls for selective yet personalized interventions based on effective risk assessment. This paper documents our research protocol aimed at refining and validating a two-stage and web-based cancer risk assessment tool, from a tentative one in use by an ongoing project, capable of identifying individuals at elevated risk for one or more types of the 80% leading cancers in rural China with adequate sensitivity and specificity and featuring low cost, easy application and cultural and technical sensitivity for farmers and village doctors. The protocol adopted a modified population-based case control design using 72, 000 non-patients as controls, 2, 200 cancer patients as cases, and another 600 patients as cases for external validation. Factors taken into account comprised 8 domains including diet and nutrition, risk behaviors, family history, precancerous diseases, related medical procedures, exposure to environment hazards, mood and feelings, physical activities and anthropologic and biologic factors. Modeling stresses explored various methodologies like empirical analysis, logistic regression, neuro-network analysis, decision theory and both internal and external validation using concordance statistics, predictive values, etc..

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2020

기존 방송용 LED 조명 제어방법은 RGB LED에 3자극치 이론을 적용한 LED 전류제어를 사용한다. 제어의 편의성을 위해 이러한 제어방법은 1차 선형함수로 근사하거나 시행착오를 통해 적절한 값을 사용한다. 그리고 실제 방송 조명에서 요구되는 충분한 광량과 색 혼합을 위해 적용되는 확산 판 등을 사용하지 않아 방송 조명으로는 적합하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 방송 조명용 LED 패널 제어방법으로 비선형함수 근사 능력이 뛰어난 순방향신경망을 사용하여 원하는 색도좌표 값과 조도의 디밍 값에 맞는 RGBW LED 패널 제어기를 구현하고자 한다. 성능 평가 결과 xy 색도좌표의 오차가 대부분 ±0.02 이내이며, ANSI C78.377A의 허용범위를 만족하였다. xy 색도좌표 값의 평균 오차는 xerror=0.0044, yerror=0.0030로 제안한 알고리즘의 우수함과 안정적인 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2021

Background: Compared with normal people, stroke patients have decreased voluntary craniocervical motion, which affects their balance. Objects: This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of active craniocervical movement training using a cognitive game on stroke patient's cervical movement control ability, balance, and functional mobility. Methods: The subject of this study were 29chronic stroke patients who were randomly allocated to either an experimental, cognitive game group (n = 15), or control group (n = 14), to which only neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) was applied. The intervention was conducted 5 times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for a total of 4 weeks. Active angle reproduction test, static stability test, limits of stability test, and Time up and Go (TUG) test, respectively, were carried out in order to evaluate cervical movement control ability, static balance, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. Paired t-test was used in order to compare differences between prior to after the intervention, along with an independent-test in order to compare prior to and after-intervention differences between the two groups. Results: After the craniocervical training with a body-driven cognitive game, the experimental group showed significant differences in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion on the affected side, and rotation on the affected side in the active angle reproduction test. The experimental group indicated significant differences in sway length both with eyes-open and with eyesclosed in the static stability test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. The control group to which NDT was applied had significant differences in flexion in the active angle reproduction test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. Conclusion: The above results mean that craniocervical training using a body-driven cognitive game positively influences stroke patient's cervical movement control ability and as a result their balance and functional mobility.