• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.1223-1247
• /
• 2012

The need for securing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is essential especially in mission critical fields such as military and medical applications. Security techniques that are used to secure any network depend on the security requirements that should be achieved to protect the network from different types of attacks. Furthermore, the characteristics of wireless networks should be taken into consideration when applying security techniques to these networks. In this paper, energy efficient Security Model for Tree-based Routing protocols (SMTR) is proposed. In SMTR, different attacks that could face any tree-based routing protocol in WSNs are studied to design a security reference model that achieves authentication and data integrity using either Message Authentication Code (MAC) or Digital Signature (DS) techniques. The SMTR communication and processing costs are mathematically analyzed. Moreover, SMTR evaluation is performed by firstly, evaluating several MAC and DS techniques by applying them to tree-based routing protocol and assess their efficiency in terms of their power requirements. Secondly, the results of this assessment are utilized to evaluate SMTR phases in terms of energy saving, packet delivery success ratio and network life time.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.2144-2165
• /
• 2016

In a vehicular ad hoc network, the communication links are unsteady due to the rapidly changing topology, high mobility and traffic density in the urban environment. Most of the existing geographical routing protocols rely on the continuous transmission of beacon messages to update the neighbors' presence, leading to network congestion. Source-based approaches have been proven to be inefficient in the inherently unstable network. To this end, we propose an opportunistic beaconless packet forwarding approach based on a modified handshake mechanism for the urban vehicular environment. The protocol acts differently between intersections and at the intersection to find the next forwarder node toward the destination. The modified handshake mechanism contains link quality, forward progress and directional greedy metrics to determine the best relay node in the network. After designing the protocol, we compared its performance with existing routing protocols. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delay and data delivery ratio in realistic wireless channel conditions.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.350-356
• /
• 2008

The recent networks are trending toward wireless networks. So wireless internet used to service of wired networks. But wireless networks can't show same performance of wired networks. Therefore, we are must concerned about Routing Protocol for improvement of a weak point of physical feature. But many researchers are not focusing on developing Routing Protocol. In this paper, we improve on AODV(Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) for Wireless Mesh Networks. And it analyzed the result of simulation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.10b
• /
• pp.289-291
• /
• 2005

Even though a lot of routing algorithms have been proposed, an omnipotent algorithm of routing technique, which has optimal efficiency, does not exist. Therefore, A routing algorithm in a sensor network is an application oriented; the best effective routing algorithm depends on which application it is used to. In this paper, the routing algorithm is proposed for the purpose of monitoring a movement of Assets in office. This Paper proposes a new multi-hop routing algorithm, that is, RSS(Received Signal Strength) value which was used in a localization of sensor network is applied to routing algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.1222-1227
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a new method, the CACH(Context-aware Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm in Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) systems. The proposed CACH algorithm based on hybrid and clustering protocol that provide the reliable monitoring and control of a variety of environments for remote place. To improve the routing protocol in MANET, energy efficient routing protocol would be required as well as considering the mobility would be needed. The proposed analysis could help in defining the optimum depth of hierarchy architecture CACH utilize. Also, the proposed CACH could be used localized condition to enable adaptation and robustness for dynamic network topology protocol and this provide that our hierarchy to be resilient. As a result, our simulation results would show that a new method for CACH could find energy efficient depth of hierarchy of a cluster.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.129-132
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we propose the DQM - CBRP( Distributed QoS Monitoring - Cluster Based Routing Protocol ) routing protocol to provide Quality of Service guarantee for multimedia service in Ad hoc mobile network. This paper proves the DQM-CBRP can avoid message loss and is suitable to guarantee of QoS thru simulation of COMNET III.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2006

Conventional studies for SPIN protocols of wireless sensor networks are not enough to cover energy consumption and migration of sensor nodes. This study proposes a dynamic routing protocol based on the SPIN considering energy consumption and the migration, and also shows the effectiveness of the proposed routing protocol.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2010

A home healthcare system based wireless sensor network, which can continuously monitor and manage the elderly's electrocardiogram(ECG) signal at any space at home without space limit is proposed. The communication coverage of wireless network is expended by multi-hop wireless sensor network. In order to send the elderly's ECG data wirelessly, a small size ECG sensor node was designed to forward the ECG data over multi-hop relay network. The packet acquired by mobile ECG node is transmitted through wireless intermediate nodes to base station for analyzing the packet reception rate. Modified minimum cost forwarding(MMCF) protocol and flooding protocol are designed and implemented to check the transmission efficiency of a packet in a wireless sensor network. The developed MMCF protocol shows an advantage of high reception rate by reduced network traffic.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.9B
• /
• pp.751-759
• /
• 2008

Carrier Ethernet backbone network integrates distributed layer-2 based metro networks. In this networks, Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) has been uscd as a main routing protocol that allows multiple spanning trees in a network. A better routing protocol called IEEE802.1aq - Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) is recently proposed, that generates the shortest spanning tree per a destination node. As SPB provides a routing path per a destination node, there is no way to adapt network traffic at normal condition. If we are free from the principle of "a spanning tree per a destination node", we can achieve adaptive routing. Based on this philosophy, we propose a new spanning tree based protocol - Edge Node Divided Spanning Tree (ENDIST). ENDIST divides an edge node into sub-nodes as many as connecting links from the node and each sub-node generates a single shortest path tree based on SPB. Depending on network or nodal status, ENDIST chooses a better routing path by flow-basis. This added traffic engineering ability contributes to enhanced throughput and reduced delay in backbone networks. The simulation informs us that ENDIST's throughput under heavy load performs about 3.4-5.8 and 1.5-2.0 times compared with STP's and SPB's one respectively. Also, we verified that ENDIST's throughput corresponds to the theoretical upper bound at half of cases we investigated. This means that the proposed ENDIST is a dramatically enhanced and the close-to-perfect spanning tree based routing schemes.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.261-277
• /
• 2005

We propose the PAD (Power Aware Data-centric Routing Protocol), which finds minimum energy routes and prolongs network life-time, for the data-centric sensor networks. Firstly, the PAD discovers the minimum energy Property graph by removing redundant communication links. The proposed a1gorithm to find the minimum energy property graph is faster, simpler and easier to implement than existing aIgorithms. Secondly, the PAD runs the DDBF (Distributed Data-centric Bellman-Ford Algorithm) to determine routing paths between a base node and all sensor nodes. The DDBF selves the drawbacks of the distributed bellman-ford algorithm, i.e. slow convergence and a possible cyclic routing path. Since the PAD is a fully distributed algorithm with low overhead, it can be used in various kinds of resource limited sensor network applications.