• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

Purpose: For blowout fracture of the medial orbital wall, the goals of treatment are complete reduction of the herniated soft tissue and anatomic reconstruction of the wall without surgical complications. Surgeons frequently worry about damage to the optic nerve from the dissection, when the part over the posterior ethmoidal foramen was fractured. The authors performed small incision and inlay grafting for reconstruction of medial orbital wall fracture. Methods: Between January 2007 and April 2008, 15 out of 32 patients were included in an analysing the outcome of corrected medial orbital wall fracture. In 15 patients of posterior comminuted fracture of medial orbital wall, insertion of porous polyethylene($Medpor^{(R)}$ channel implant, Porex, USA) to ethmoidal sinus was performed in multiple layer, through the transconjunctival approach (inlay grafting). Results: In all cases, the orbital bone volume was reconstructed in its normal anatomical position. The associated ocular problems disappeared except for mild enophthalmos in 2 patients and there were no surgical complications associated with inlay grafting. Conclusion: The advantage of inlay grafting include anatomical reconstruction of the orbital wall; the avoidance of optic nerve injury; the simplicity of the procedure; and consequently, the absence of surgery-related complications. This technique is presented as one of the preferred treatments for posterior comminuted fracture of medial orbital wall.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-104
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document the histology of canine acupoints. Acupunctural needles were inserted by 0.5 to 1 cm depth into acupoints Nei-guan (Inner pass, PC06), Gan-shu (Liver Association Point, BL18), Shen-shu (Kidney Association Point, BL23) and Pangguang-shu (Bladder Association Point, BL28) in 4 dogs, and the tissues around the acupoints were examined. Light microscopy was used to observe the surrounding structures of each point. Nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles were found around the tip of the needle in every case, although they occurred not so often at nonacupoint in nearby region or nonacupoint in the areas, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Therefore, it is suggested that nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles may be potential acupoint receptors.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.136-148
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the relation between Iridological constitution and Gynecological disease. Iris is one of the most complicated part of our bodies. It reflects perfectly organ's status, toxic accumulation, person's characteristics and healing effects. Many signs of Iridology were closely researched to examine the relation between Iridology and disease. After studying these matters, we could find that lacuna and auto-nerve wreath are intimately related. Especially the portions of auto-nerve wreath loss are accorded with the organ's present illness. Most of patients have scurf ring and vessel congestion sign. Large Intestine's structure also shows us the meaningful result that ballooned is the most common, spasticity and stricture are next. Connective tissue weakness constitution is 39.22%, complex 35.29% and blood-originated 25.49%. According to the three-step constitution by the Genetic facter, average type is 52.94%, weak type 35.29% and strong type 11.76%. Above these results, we can reach a conclusion that Iridological constitution are intimately related with Gynecological disease. And further study are requested to get a objectivity in a Gynecological diagnose. Iridology is a bright prospective study and interesting diagnostic method. If we deeply investigate this science, before long we can have a great outcome and more objective diagnostic skill.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the NPY-immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory bulb in the striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius). The animals were anesthesized with thiopental sodium and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through left ventricle and aorta. Brains were removed and tranfered 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose. Sections were then cut on a cryostat into $40{\mu}m$-thick. The tissue immunostained with avidin-biotinylated complex method. The main olfactory bulb consisted of seven circumferential laminae : an olfactory nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer with glomeruli surrounding by periglomerular cells, an external plexiform layer having granule and tufted cells, a mitral cell layer, a narrow internal plexiform layer, a granule cell layer forming several cell rows and a layer of white matter. The accessory olfactory bulb had four layers : an olfactory or vomeronasal nerve fiber layer, a glomerular layer consisting of small glomeruli, a mixed layer not distinguishing the external plexiform/mitral cell/granule cell layers and a granule cell layer. Most of NPY-immunoreactive(NPY-IR) neurons in main olfactory bulb were localized in the deeper portion of granule cell layer, white matter and anterior olfactory nucleus. In addition, some NPY-IR neurons were identified in the external plexiform layer. The shape of NPY-IR neurons of all olfactory bulb were predominant round or oval, sometime multipolar in shape. And most NPY-IR processes were parallel to long axis of white matter. In accessory olfactory bulb, NPY-IR neurons were not found in all region.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2005

The coronal approach has been used for over a century by neurosurgeons to access to the anterior cranium. Indications for the coronal approach expanded from use in the correction of congenital skeletal anomalies to applications in acute maxillofacial trauma and secondary deformity correction, oncologic surgery and reconstruction, and esthetic surgery. Complications were such as injury to frontal branch of the facial nerve, motor nerve paralysis, hematoma under flap, trismus, ptosis, epiphora, infection and anterior temporal depression. $Medpor^{(R)}$ is made up of dense polyethylene connected in porous structures. It is easily shapable without collapsing the pores due to it's hardness and tissue growth takes place at the porosities. Based on these advantages, $Medpor^{(R)}$ has been used in augmentation and restoration in craniofacial defect. A temporal depression after the coronal approach for treatment of Le Fort III fracture was successfully reconstruction with $Medpor^{(R)}$ and we report this case with review of literature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2002

We investigated the role of vitamin C or rutin on neuropathy and lung damage of diabetic mellitus(DM) rats. Norepinephrine content was significantly decreased in sciatic nerves of DM rats compared with non-DM controls but vitamin C had no effect on decreases of norepinephrine. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) incorporation, which is biomarker of protein oxidation, was increased in sciatic nerve of DM rats as compared with normal control. However, vitamin C had no effects on increases of DNPH incorporation . We measured the content of conjugated dienes (CD) as a biomarker of lipid oxidation in sciatic nerve. CD was increased in DM as compared with normal control, Vitamin C or rutin had no effects on increases of CD. However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of CD as compared with CIM rats. In lung of DM rats, DNPH incorporation or CD was increased as compared with normal control. Vitamin C or Rutin had no effects on increases of CD However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of DNPH incorporation or CD in lung tissue. Vitamin C caused marked pathological changes such as the increases of parenchyma and the thickening of alveolar septa in the lung of DM. Rutin had protective effects on the pathological changes in the lung of DM rats. In conclusion, Vitamin C had no effects on oxidative parameter, such as DNPH incorporation or CD, and on the decreases of norepinephrine content in DM rats. Vitamin C caused the marked pathological changes in the lung of DM rats but rutin had protective efforts against the pathological changes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.859-871
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of Aujeszky's disease viral nucleic acids and antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of piglets. The first Korean isolate of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) that isolated from naturally infected piglets in Yang San, was inoculated into 32 day old piglets with $10^{5.9}TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at every 24hrs for 8 days. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect the viral antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue sections using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The viral nucleic acids were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) using ADV specific DNA probe labeled with digoxigenin. The ADV antigens were detected in reticuloendothelial cells of spleen, lymph nodes and tonsil, alveolar walls, leptomeningeal vascular walls, inflammatory foci of each organ, and nerve cells. The viral nucleic acids were detected in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and its tracts of the pons and medulla oblongata by the ISH technique. The pathways of AD viruses in CNS were determined by IHC and ISH. In the intranasally inoculated group, the viruses in nasal mucosa moved to medulla oblongata and pons through the trigeminal nerve. In case of intramuscullarly inoculated group, viruses moved to brain via lymphoid organs or spinal nerves from sciatic nerves.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.220-226
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• 2018

Background: This study introduces a surgical technique with good clinical outcome useful in the treatment of osteoporotic displaced 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Methods: From May 2014 to February 2016, 16 patients with displaced 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures were treated by application of a locking plate with an endosteal strut allograft via a deltoid splitting approach with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The allograft was inserted through a fractured gap of the greater tuberosity to support the humeral head and then fixed by a locking plate with meticulous soft tissue dissection to protect the axillary nerve. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, radiological imaging, and clinical examination. Fixation failure on radiographs was defined as a >$5^{\circ}$ loss of neck shaft angle (NSA) compared to that on an immediate postoperative radiograph. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head was also evaluated. Results: In all cases, complete union was achieved. The ASES and VAS scores were improved to $85.4{\pm}2.1$ and $3.2{\pm}1.3$, respectively. Twelve patients (75.0%) had greater than a $5^{\circ}$ change in NSA; the average NSA change was $3.8^{\circ}$. Five patients (31.3%) had unsatisfactory ranges of motion exhibiting a <$100^{\circ}$ active forward flexion. No axillary nerve injuries or AVN were observed at the last follow-up. One patient was converted to reverse total arthroplasty due to severe pain and functional deficit. Conclusions: Minimally invasive fixation via a locking compression plate and an endosteal fibula strut allograft in Neer classification 3-or 4-part fractures with severe osteoporosis in elderly patients can achieve good clinical results.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2021

Background/Objectives: Extracapsular dissection has the advantage of reducing complications by minimizing tissue loss of the parotid without intentionally exposing the facial nerve in patients with benign parotid tumor. However, there has been controversy over the surgical results. Thus, the surgical outcomes of extracapsular dissection for benign parotid tumor was compared to those of superficial parotidectomy. Materials & Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted with 132 patients who received surgery for benign parotid tumor in our center from January 2014 to December 2018 retrospectively. Results: A total of 132 people were enrolled, with 62 people receiving extracapsular dissection, 38 people receiving partial superficial parotidectomy and 32 people receiving superficial parotidectomy. No significant difference was found between the three groups regarding complications such as facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome, or first bite syndrome. Operation time and hospital stay was significantly short in extracapsular dissection group. Conclusion: For well-selected cases, extracapsular dissection can be considered as an option for surgery of benign parotid tumor.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.307-314
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• 2022

Objective : The percutaneous thread transection technique is a surgical dissecting method using a dissecting thread inserted through a needle under ultrasound guidance without skin incision. As the new dissecting threads were developed domestically, this cadaver study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety between the new threads (ultra V sswire and smartwire-01) and a pre-existing commercial dissecting thread (loop & shear) by demonstrating a modified looped thread cubital tunnel release. Methods : The percutaneous cubital tunnel release procedure was performed on 29 fresh cadaveric upper extremities. The pre-existing commercial thread was used in 5 upper extremities. The two newly developed threads were used in 24 upper extremities. Two practitioners performed the procedures separately. After the modified looped thread cubital release, anatomical and histological analyses were performed by a blinded anatomist. The presence of the dissected cubital tunnel and damaged adjacent soft tissue was assessed. Results : Out of the 29 cadaveric upper extremities, 27 specimens showed complete dissection of the Osborne ligament and the proximal fascia of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. One specimen was incompletely dissected in each of the ultra V sswire and smartwire-01 groups. There were no injuries of adjacent structures including the ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, or flexor tendon with either the commercial thread or the newly developed threads. The anatomical analysis revealed clear and sharp incisional margins of the cubital tunnel in the Smartwire-01 and loop & shear groups. All three kinds of threads maintained proper linear elasticity for easy handling during the procedure. The smartwire-01 provided higher visibility in ultrasound than the other threads. Conclusion : The newly developed threads were effective and safe for use in the thread cubital tunnel release procedure.