• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate natural recovery of neurologic injury after minor dental surgery based on subjective neurologic evaluation. Materials and Methods: From December 2005 through July 2009, 30 patients from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were identified as having been treated with minor dental surgery. The patients were composed of 12 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 50.6 years. The median duration of this study was 62 weeks. Results: The patients were treated by implants (17 cases), tooth extractions (6 cases), bone grafts (4 cases), inferior alveolar nerve transpositions (2 cases) and periodontal surgery (1 case) prior to the occurrence of altered sensation. Areas of altered sensation after minor surgery included the lip (36.7%), chin (30.0%) and tooth (21.7%), and at final follow-up, there was no change of ranking. Altered sensations expressed by patients included numbness (33.3%), discomfort (22.9%), relieving sense (14.6%), tingling (14.6%) and itching (14.6%). There was no change of ranking of altered sensation at the last follow-up. Patients experienced the altered sensation always (47.8%), during tactile stimulation (26.1%), when chewing food (13.0%), and talking (13.0%). Mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was $3.43{\pm}2.84$ for pain and $6.64{\pm}2.72$ for paresthesia. VAS of pain was decreased significantly between the first visit and the end of follow-up, and paresthesia also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Altered sensations may occur at any time after minor dental surgery, but we observed that natural recovery of altered sensation occurred as time went on.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an environmental contaminant provoking genetic mutation and damages to liver and central nerve system even at low concentrations. A practical scheme is reported using toluene as a primary substrate to revitalize the biofilter column for an extended period of TCE degradation. The rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by Pseudomonas putida F1 at $25^{\circ}C$ decreased exponentially with time, without toluene feeding to a biofilter column ($11\;cm\;I.D.{\times}95\;cm$ height). The rate of decrease was 2.5 times faster at a TCE concentration of $970\;{\mu}g/L$ compared to a TCE concentration of $110\;{\mu}g/L$. The TCE itself was not toxic to the cells, but the metabolic intermediates of the TCE degradation were apparently responsible for the decrease in the TCE degradation rate. A short-term (2 h) supply of toluene ($2,200\;{\mu}g/L$) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 6.4 min recovered the relative column activity by $43\%$ when the TCE removal efficiency at the time of toluene feeding was $58\%$. The recovery of the TCE removal efficiency increased at higher incoming toluene concentrations and longer toluene supply durations according to the Monod type of kinetic expressions. A longer duration ($1.4{\sim}2.4$ times) of toluene supply increased the recovery of the TCE removal efficiency by $20\%$ for the same toluene load.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement. Methods: The treatment was performed by dividing individuals into a control group ($n_1=5$), ultrasound treatment group ($n_2=5$), and micro-current treatment group ($n_3=5$). The control group applied the hot pack for 15 minutes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for 15 minutes, and Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) for 40 minutes. The ultrasound therapy group applied the frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.0 $W/cm^2$ for five minutes following the same treatment as the control group. The micro-current therapy group applied the intensity of 25 ${\mu}A$, and pulsation frequency 5 pps for 15 minutes following the same treatment as the control group. After treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Range of Movement (ROM) and wound length was measured. Results: VAS showed significant effect in the control group and micro-current therapy group during the treatment period. According to the treatment of K-WOMACK, BBS, ROM, and Healing wounds showed main effects between groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, data showed improvement of pain relief, wound healing effects, and range of motion recovery. Thus, these selected treatments were effective after total knee replacement. In other words, electrical treatment continues to influence pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Microcurrent electrical stimulation(MES) has been used to accelerate recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle. However, convincing stimulation parameters for suppressing muscle atrophy due to injured sciatic nerve remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective intensity of MES on restraining muscle atrophy with rat model underwent sciatic nerve injury(SNI). Twenty-5-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally assigned to five groups : Control group(Control, CON, n = 4), Denervation group(Denervation, D, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $22{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $22{\mu}A$, D+22, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $100{\mu}A$ group (Denervation + $100{\mu}A$, D+100 n = 4), Denervation with MES of $400{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $400{\mu}A$, D+400, n = 4). To induce muscle atrophy, all rats in the D, D+22, D+100, and D+400 groups, were subjected to sciatic nerve injury on their right hindlimb and allowed to have 1 week of resting period. Following this period, rats underwent daily MES(60 min/ a day, 5times/1week) for 4 weeks. After that, we investigate morphological changes in muscle volume by using in vivo micro-computed tomography at week 0, 1, 3 and 5. After 5 weeks, the muscle volume had the highest value in D+400 group, and also noticeably increased in D+100 group compared to it in D group. The results of this study imply that MES with current intensities between $100-400{\mu}A$ can suppress muscle atrophy effectively.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 1997

Malignant tumors of extremeties involving major neurovascular structures have been treated by amputation. However recent development of diagnostic tools(CT, MRI etc.), surgical techniques, anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, and radiation techniques allow surgeons to treat malignant tumors in the limb without amputation. It has been reported that a local application of low-heat to the tissue with tumor can kill tumor cells. It is, however, not known if the attendant neural and vascular injuries may be recovered. The present study was, therefore, undertakn to address this question in rabbit sciatic nerves. A low-heat injury to the sciatic nerve was induced by perfusing the nerve with $60^{\circ}C$ saline for 30 minutes and the courses of functional and morphological recovery of the nerve were evaluated for 16 weeks. The results are summerized as follows : 1. In the electromyographic nerve conduction test the average amplitude was markedly attenuated at 4 and 8 weeks after the low-heat treatment, but it progressively increased to the level 89.5% of the control at 16 week post-treatment. The average latency in the control group was 0.62 msec. The latency in the experimental group was much longer than this at 4 and 8 week post-treatment, but it progressively reverted to the control level, showing 0.622 msec at 16 weeks. 2. In the needle EMG, many fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves were appeared until 8 weeks post-treatment. After 16 weeks, however, no fibrillation potential was observed. 3. In the early phase of post-treatment period, the myelinated nerve fibers contained many vacuoles and the number of myelinated nerve fibers appeared to be considerably reduced. However, as time goes myelinated nerve fibers were regenerated, such that after 16 weeks the histologic appearance of the nerve was similar to that of the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Background and Objectives The quality of life after thyroidectomy, such as voice change, is considered to be as important as control of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes in both subjective and objective voice parameters after thyroidectomy resulting in normal morbidity of the vocal cords. Materials and Method In this prospective cohort study, 204 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection at a single referral center from Feb 2015 to Aug 2016 were enrolled. All patients underwent prospective voice evaluations including both subjective and objective assessments preoperatively and then at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Temporal changes of the voice parameters were analyzed. Results Values of the subjective assessment tool worsened during the early postoperative follow-up period and did not recover to the preoperative values at 12 months postoperatively. The maximal phonation time gradually decreased, whereas most objective parameters, including maximal vocal pitch (MVP), reached preoperative values at 3-6 months postoperatively. The initial decrease in MVP was significantly greater in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, and their MVP recovery time was faster than that of patients undergoing lobectomy (p=0.001). Patients whose external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was confirmed intact by electroidentification showed no difference in recovery speed compared with patients without electroindentification (p=0.102), although the initial decrease in MVP was lower with electroidentification. Conclusion Subjective assessment in voice quality and maximal phonation time after thyroidectomy did not show recovery to preoperative values. Aggravation of MVP was associated with surgical extent and electroidentification.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.126-142
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• 2013

Objectives: Previous reports have shown that Bogijetong-Tang (BJT) is effective in peripheral neuropathy induced by taxol and crush injury. In this study, we researched the effects of BJT on diabetic neuropathy induced by STZ in the mouse. Methods: We performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments to verify the effects of BJT on diabetic neuropathy induced by STZ in mice. Changes in axonal recovery were observed with immunofluorescence staining using NF-200, Hoechst33258, $S100{\beta}$, caspase 3 and anti-cdc2. Proliferation and degeneration of Schwann cells were investigated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses. Results: BJT showed considerable effects on neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration in diabetic neuropathy. BJT contributed to the creation of NF-200, GAP-43, Cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$, active ${\beta}1$, ${\beta}3$ integrin, phospho-Erk1/2 protein. Conclusions: Through this study, we found that BJT is effective for enhanced axonal regeneration via dynamic regulation of regeneration-associated proteins. Therefore, BJT had a pharmaceutical property enhancing recovery of peripheral nerves induced by diabetic neuropathy and could be a candidate for drug development after more research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

Purpose : This study observed the recovery of function and pain on the eletrostimulation therapy(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and micro current therapy(MT)). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly either experimental group(n=17) who were taken TENS or the control group(n=20) who were taken MT. Also subjects were assessed for pain(Visual Analog Scale; VAS) and function(Oswestry LBP disability index). Results : The VAS has a statistically significant difference with each groups(p<.05), but there was no statistically significant difference with intergroup during treatment period(p>.05). The Oswestry LBP disability index has a statistically significant difference with each groups(p<.05), also there was a statistically significant difference with intergroup during treatment period(p<.05). Conclusion : The efficancy of microcurrent therapy used in this study should be futher investigated in a long period study and objective study outcomes.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.377-380
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• 2015

Muscle contusion has a negative effect on muscle function. Although several studies showed that pain control and muscle recovery is facilitated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), there has not been much research regarding the specific effects of PEMF on them. The aim of the present study is to investigate effects of PEMF on pain and muscle recovery following extensor digitorum longus (EDL) contusion injury through measuring the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene and nerve growth factor (NGF). Significantly reduced c-fos expression in the spinal cord was shown in PEMF groups compared with control (CON) groups. There was no significant difference between PEMF1 and CON1, but significantly increased NGF expression was shown in PEMF3 and PEMF5 compared with in CON groups, where the numbers in the group names are the days from contusion. In conclusion, PEMF could be used to not only reduce pain in muscle injuries by down-regulating c-fos expression in the spinal cord, but it could also influence muscle healing through increasing NGF expression in the injured muscle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

Objective : This study is investigate the effects of Sagunjatang-Ga-Nokyong(SGJ-NY) treatment on regenerative responses of corticospinal tract(CST) axons in the injured spinal cord. Methods :Using rats, we damaged their spinal cord, and then applied SGJ-NY extract to the lesion. Then we observed GAP-43 and NGF protein, astrcyte, axonal regeneration responses and axonal elongation. Result :Determination of GAP-43 and NGF protein levels were increased. And increased proliferation of astrocyte and enhanced processes in astrocytes were observed by SGJ-NY treatment. Higher number of astrocytes within the injury cavity in SGJ-NY treated group were showed, yet CSPG proteins were a weaker staining in the cavity in SGJ-NY. CST axons extended into the cavity and to the caudal area in SGJ-NY treated group were increased. Conclusion : SGJ-NY treatment might increase neural activity in the injured spinal cord tissue, and improved axonal regeneration responses. In this process, activation of astrocytes may play a role in promoting enhanced axonal elongation. the current study show that SGJ-NY exerts positive activity on inducing nerve regeneration responses by elevating neural tissue migration activities.