• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

Purpose: Neurodynamic tests are used to examine neural tissue in patients with neuro-musculoskeletal disorders, although this has not yet been established in the intensity of nerve tension application. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of neural stretching intensity on nerve excitability using the latency and amplitude of nerve conduction velocity test (NCV) analysis. Methods: Thirty young, healthy male and female subjects (mean age = 21.30 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Nerve excitability was assessed using the median sensory NCV test. The latency and amplitude of the NCV test were measured under four different conditions: reference phase (supra-maximal stimulus, without neural stretching), baseline phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, without neural stretching), weak stretch phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, with weak neural stretching), and strong stretch phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, with strong neural stretching). Results: The NCV latency was significantly delayed after one minute of neural stretching at the baseline, weak phase, and strong phase in comparison with the reference phase. The NCV latency was significantly delayed by increasing the strength of neural stretching. Furthermore, the NCV amplitude was significantly increased at the weak and strong phases, which were under neural stretching, in comparison with the baseline phase. The NCV amplitude was significantly increased by increasing the strength of the neural stretching. Conclusion: Transient neural stretching as a neurodynamic test can increase the sensitivity of the nerve without negatively affecting the nervous system. However, based on the results of this study, strong neural stretching in the neurodynamic test may delay the transmission of nerve impulses and hypersensitivity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2006

Objectives Despite considerable advances in technique, experience and skill, the precise place of surgery in the treatment of facial nerve injury remains uncertain. We designed a facial nerve crush injury model in rats and evaluated the recovery of crushed nerve which is the most common injury type of facial nerve using adenovirus vector mediated in vivo gene transfer of Brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). Materials and methods In 48 Sprague Dawley rats, we made a facial nerve crush injury model to main trunk before the furcation, and injected a $10^{11}$pfu adenoviral BDNF in experimental group(BDNF adenoviral injection group; ad-BDNF) and $3{\mu}l$ saline in control group(Saline injection group; saline). After a period of regeneration from 10 to 40 days, nerve regeneration was evaluated with functioinal test (vibrissae and ocular movement), electrophysiologic study(threshold, peak voltage, conduction velocity) and histomorphometric study of axon density. Results Vibrissae and ocular movement, threshold and conduction velocity improved as time elapse in both group, however axon density was increased significantly only in experimental group. Functional test in 10 days and 20 days showed no difference between experimental group and control group. Vibrissae movement, threshold, conduction velocity and axon density in 30 days revealed that the regeneration in quality of experimental group was significantly superior to that of control group. Conclusion In general, there is tendency for nerve regeneration in experimental group (BDNF-adenovirus injection group) during 40 days, functional recovery was detected successfully after facial nerve crush in 30 days postoperatively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aimed the effects of percutaneous electric nerve stimulation (PENS) applied to different parts of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on the change of glucose and nerve. Methods: rats (ten weeks old) were selected as the subjects; the normal group was five rats, and the diabetes induction group II, III and IV were five rats, respectively, which were randomly sampled from the twenty-five streptozotocin-administered rats with more than $240\;d{\ell}/m{\ell}$ of blood sugar. For PENS, electric current with 2 Hz of stimulation frequency and $200\;{\mu}s$ of pulse duration was applied to the subjects for fifteen minutes a day, six days a week, for three weeks. Calculation of glucose and weight, and nerve conduction test were conducted forty-eight hours and three weeks after streptozotocin administration, respectively. Results: As for change of glucose and weight, the group III with stimulation to the acupoints and the group IV with stimulation to non-acupoints showed significant differences from the control group II (p<0.05). As for MNCV (motor nerve conduction velocity), the group III with stimulation to the acupoints showed significant differences from the group IV with stimulation to non-acupoints and the control group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: PENS had the effects of inhibiting increase of glucose, change of weight and decrease of nerve conductive function between the distal and proximal ends of the peripheral nerve in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.425-432
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of myofascical release (MR) on the degree of pain and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in middle-aged women. Participants were 28 middle-aged women and MR carried out three times (1, 3, 5 day) at intervals of two times. We did survey about changes of pain before the MR and how they changed after the MR. Also measured pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS) by using the algometer at trapezius muscle. In median nerve, we did motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) test and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) test for measuring incubation period, amplitude and nerve conduction. The most painful time was 18~21 and the most painful part was shoulder. The pain scale, PPT and VAS after the MR had significantly decreased than before the MR. The latency was significantly decreased and the amplitude was significantly increased in the MNCV and the latency was significantly decreased in the SNCV after the MR. Also it was effective in ameliorating pain scale and latency of NCV. Consequently, the MR can be effective in prevent pain scale caused by fatigue in middle-aged women as replacement therapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2024

Nerve conduction study (NCS) is an essential test for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathy. NCS can objectively quantify peripheral nerve function. NCS is affected by physiological factors such as height, age, body mass index, etc. Hence, the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnosis Medicine (AANEM) is currently forming a Normal Data Task Force (NDTF) to present the normal value, but the number is significantly less. Currently, no research has been carried out on the correlation between nerve conduction speed and height and lower limb length in Koreans. Hence, this study sought to compare the nerve conduction velocity of the lower limbs according to the height and lower limb length. A total of 49 subjects were recruited. When the motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity were compared according to the height and leg length, there was a statistically significant negative correlation of the peroneal and left tibial motor nerves with the height. Also, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed with the superficial peroneal sensory nerve and the sural nerve and the leg length. However, in this study, all the subject are in twentys age, whereas the NDTF is divided by age. Hence, additional studies involving subjects of various age groups are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 2005

The determination of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is an important part to electrodiagnosis. Its value as neurophysiologic investigative procedure has been known for many years but normal value of digital nerve was not reported in Korea. To evaluate of digital nerve conduction velocity of median nerve for obtain clinically useful reference value and compare difference in each fingers. 71 normal volunteers(age, 19-65 years; 142 hands) examined who has no history of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic mellitus, chronic renal failure, endocrine disorders, anti-cancer medicine, anti-tubercle medicine, alcoholism, trauma, radiculopathy. Nicolet Viking II was use for detected conduction velocity and amplitude of digital nerves in median nerve. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was used for obtain mean and standard deviation, ANOVA was used to compare each fingers and independent t-test was used to compare between Rt and Lt side also compare between different in genders. Conduction velocity of the right thumb was 49.77m/sec, index finger was 56.80m/sec, middle finger was 56.15m/sec and ring finger was 53.38m/sec. The left thumb was 50.48m/sec, index finger was 56.76m/sec, middle finger was 55.99m/sec and ring finger was 53.23m/sec. Amplitude of the right thumb was $64.30{\mu}V$, index finger was $73.95{\mu}V$, middle finger was $77.97{\mu}V$ and ring finger was $43.92{\mu}V$. The left thumb was $74.21{\mu}V$, index finger was $85.72{\mu}V$, middle finger was $88.06{\mu}V$ and ring finger was $47.28{\mu}V$. There were significantly difference between thumb, index, middle and ring fingers(p<.01) but there were no statistically difference between conduction velocity and amplitude of index and middle fingers(p>.01). The conduction velocity of index finger are faster than other fingers and amplitude of middle finger are greater than other fingers. The present results revealed that electodiagnosis can easily perform in index and middle finger for digital nerve of median nerve study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2005

The ulnar nerve extends down the arm, across the elbow, and into the hand. It provides sensation to the little and ring fingers and activates many of the small muscles in the hand. The determination of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is an important part of ulnar nerve evaluation. The electrodiagnostic value as neurophysiologic investigative procedure has been known for many years but normal value of digital nerve was not reported in Korea. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the digital nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve for obtain clinically useful reference value and compare difference in each fingers and then compare with the other countries. 71 normal Korean volunteers (age, 19-65 years; 142 hands) examined who has no history of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic mellitus, chronic renal failure, endocrine disorders, anti-cancer medicine, anti-tubercle medicine, alcoholism, trauma, radiculopathy. Nicolet Viking II (EMG machine) was use for detected conduction velocity and amplitude of digital nerves in ulnar nerve. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was used for obtain mean and standard deviation and independent t-test was used to compare with ring and little finger. Conduction velocity of the right ring finger was 57.44m/sec and little finger was 55.32msec. The left ring finger was 55.55msec and little finger was 54.11msec. Amplitude of the right ring finger was $30.28{\mu}V$ and little finger was $48.36{\mu}V$. The left ring finger was $30.67{\mu}V$ and little finger was $52.76{\mu}V$. There were significantly difference between ring and little in amplitude (p<.05) but there were no statistically difference between conduction velocity of ring and little finger (p>.05). The amplitude of little finger are greater than ring finger. The present results revealed that electodiagnosis can easily perform in little finger for digital nerve of ulnar nerve study.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

Objective : Electrodiagnostic test has shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. This study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcome of endoscopic carpal tunnel ligament release[ECTR] and the predictive value of sensory nerve conduction. Methods : From January 1998 to December 2004, 87 patients [44 right hand, 37 left hand, 6 bilateral hands] with CTS who underwent ECTR were followed up in our hospital for an average of 24 months. We retrospectively analyzed the results with previous medical records. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic test and ECTR. The patients were divided into three groups according to the electrodiagnostic test results. Group [A] was normal sensory nerve response, Group [B] was slowing sensory response and Group [C] was no sensory response. Improvement of the symptom after ECTR was assessed using a visual analogue scale[VAS] score. Results : Differences between the three groups on the correlation of severity of sensory potential and duration of preoperative symptoms were significant. The mean value of improved VAS scores for the three groups were $6.0{\pm}0.96$ in the Group A, $6.11{\pm}0.48$ in the Group B and $6.14{\pm}0.53$ in the Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the severity of sensory nerve response and improvement in VAS score after ECTR. Complications included a wound infection, a case of skin necrosis, and two patients with persistent symptoms without any improvement. Conclusion : Although electrodiagnostic test has been known to be useful, sensory nerve response is considered not to be a good prognostic value for carpal tunnel syndrome after ECTR.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: The neurodynamic test used to implicate symptoms arising from the nerve is proposed to selectively increase the strain of the nerve without increasing the strain of adjacent tissue, although this has not yet been established in the time of nerve tension application. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of nerve stretching time on nerve excitability using compound nerve action potential (CNAP) analysis. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (mean age=23.10 years) with no medical history of neurological or musculoskeletal disorder voluntarily participated in this study. Nerve excitability was assessed using the median nerve conduction velocity test. The amplitude of the CNAP was measured under three conditions: resting phase (supra-maximal stimulus, without nerve stretching), baseline phase (two-thirds of the supra-maximal stimulus, without nerve stretching), and stretch phase (two-thirds of the supra-maximal stimulus, with 1-5 minutes nerve stretching). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the latency and amplitude of CNAP. A post-hoc test was analyzed using the contrast test. Results: The latency was significantly delayed after 1 min. of nerve stretching in comparison with the baseline test. However, no significant difference was found during the nerve stretching (1-5 min.). The amplitude was significantly increased by nerve stretching. Conclusion: Nerve stretching can induce nerve excitability without any nerve injury. Based on the results, more than 1 min. of nerve stretching as a neurodynamic test can be a useful method in the clinical setting.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 1989

Although tail flick reflex (TFR) in rats has been used as a classic model of the nociceptive test to evaluate the action of analgesics, there have been few studies on the origin of the latent period of TFR. Present study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in latency of TFR by morphine in anesthetized rats. Tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were stimulated electrically and EMG activities were recorded from abductor caudae dorsalis muscle participating in tail flick reflex. In the case of noxious radiant heat stimulation to tail, the tail flick tension was recorded before and after administration of morphine. Then changes in latency and conduction velocity of peripheral nerve were evaluated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The latencies of TFR evoked by the electrical stimulation of tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were all within 40 ms and were elongated by several milliseconds from control after the administration of morphine. Peripheral conduction velocities of tail flick afferent nerve were within the range of 10-25 m/s. 2) The conduction velocity of peripheral nerve was significantly reduced after morphine administration, therefore the afferent time (utilization time+conduction time to spinal cord) was significantly increased. But the time for central delay and efferent time was not affected by morphine. 3) The conduction velocity under room temperature $(20-25^{\circ}C)$ was significantly reduced after morphine while that under vasodilation state $(40{\sim}42^{\circ}C)$ increased, 30 min and 45 min after morphine. The conduction velocity under vasodilation state without treatment of morphine increased continuously 4) The latency in tension response of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation was elongated by several milliseconds from control while the latency evoked by noxious radiant heat was elongated by several seconds compared with that of control. From the above results, it could be concluded that: 1) the increased latency of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation of the tail after morphine administration was due to the reducton in conduction velocity of peripheral nerve, which was the secondry effect of morphine on the peripheral vasomotion and 2) increased latency of TFR evoked by noxious radiant heat was also due to the same effect of morphine and the increase in cutaneous insulation to the noxious heat.