• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2020

Background: Peripheral nerve injury rarely occurs in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Based on our experience and previous reports, we consider prolonged immobilization a risk factor for the development of peripheral neuropathy in rhabdomyolysis patients. Methods: This study analyzed 28 patients with rhabdomyolysis due to prolonged immobilization. We analyzed their demographic and laboratory data, clinical and imaging findings, and outcomes, and compared these factors between patients with and without neuropathy. Results: Seven of the 28 patients had peripheral neuropathy, including sciatic neuropathy or lumbosacral plexopathy. Compared to those without neuropathy, the patients with neuropathy were younger (p = 0.02), had higher peak creatine kinase (CK) levels (p = 0.02), had higher muscle uptake in bone scans (p = 0.03), and more frequently exhibited abnormal muscle findings in computed tomography (CT) (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Patients with prolonged immobilization-induced rhabdomyolysis and neuropathy had higher CK levels, increased uptake on bone scans, and more-frequent abnormal muscles on CT than those without neuropathy. These findings indicate that peripheral neuropathy is more likely to develop in patients with severe muscle injury.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and its pathogenesis is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is key to understanding the pathogenesis of DN, which can develop in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of glucose and lipids in renal cells, resulting in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, intracellular hypoxia, and inflammation, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that dysregulation of 50 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that plays a principal role in cell growth and cellular energy homeostasis, in relevant tissues is a key component of the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus; thus, targeting this enzyme may ameliorate some pathologic features of this disease. AMPK regulates the coordination of anabolic processes, with its activation proven to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in insulin-resistant animal models, as well as demonstrating mitochondrial biogenesis and antitumor activity. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of DN and offer suggestions for feasible clinical use and future studies of the role of AMPK activators in this disorder.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2018

Infectious complications have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation, especially in the Asian population. Therefore, prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment of such infections are crucial in kidney transplant recipients. Among all infectious complications, viruses are considered to be the most common agents because of their abundance, infectivity, and latency ability. Herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, BK polyomavirus, and adenovirus are well-known etiologic agents of viral infections in kidney transplant patients worldwide because of their wide range of distribution. As DNA viruses, they are able to reactivate after affected patients receive immunosuppressive agents. These DNA viruses can cause systemic diseases or allograft dysfunction, especially in the first six months after transplantation. Pretransplant evaluation and immunization as well as appropriate prophylaxis and preemptive approaches after transplant have been established in the guidelines and are used effectively to reduce the incidence of these viral infections. This review will describe the etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infections that commonly affect kidney transplant recipients.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a major concern when iodinated contrast material is administered, especially in patients at risk. Efforts have been undertaken to understand the detrimental effects of contrast media (CM). With the use of low-osmolar or iso-osmolar CM the incidence of CA-AKI has steadily decreased within the past decade; however, especially in the pediatric population information is scarce. Incidence rates have been reported to range between 0% to 18.75%, particularly depending on indication, selection of population (i.e. preexisting co-morbidities), and definition of AKI. Different biomarkers have been proposed, but confirmatory studies are either lacking or have contributed to their lack of diagnostic power. Proteomic approaches have been employed and may pave the way to such discovery. Prevention strategies have been tested and proposed, but the recently published AMACING and PRESERVE trials have shown that commonly used strategies (such as systematic hydration or administration of N-acetylcysteine) have no role in the prevention of CA-AKI. We propose that thoughtful assessment of one's fluid state is the most appropriate approach and depending on the hydration status diuretics or fluid administration should be provided to achieve an euvolemic state ahead of contrast exposure.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2023

Purpose: Hematuria and proteinuria have various causes and consequential outcomes in children. Immunosuppressants are needed in some children with biopsy-proven glomerulonephropathy but have many adverse effects. Since the clinical practice patterns of Korean pediatric nephrologists are diverse, we surveyed their opinions. Methods: Using a clinical vignette, the survey was emailed to all Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology members. The questionnaires included diagnosis, examination, medications, and dietary recommendations for patients with hematuria and proteinuria. Results: A total of 32 clinicians (5.48%, 22 pediatric certificated nephrologists) responded to the survey. Most responders (87.5%) suspected immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and 68.8% replied that kidney biopsies were a diagnostic tool. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition (62.5%) or steroids (18.8%) were selected as the treatment. Salt and protein intakes were usually encouraged as dietary reference intakes (34.4% and 65.6%, respectively). Conclusions: Children with abnormal urinalysis have various causes, treatments, and prognoses. As treatments such as immunosuppressants can have many adverse effects, it is necessary to confirm an accurate diagnosis and indications of treatments before starting the treatment. Recommendations for a diet should not hinder growth.

• 대한이식학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2017

Background: In recent years, introduction of novel immunosuppressive agents and its proper implementation for clinical practice have contributed to improving clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation (KT). Here, we report clinical outcomes of KTs and related risk factors. Methods: From July 1998 to June 2016, 354 KTs (182 from living and 172 from deceased donors) have been performed at Ulsan University Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of KT recipients, then estimated graft and patient survival rate were estimated and analyzed risk factors using Cox-regression. Results: The median follow-up period was 53 months (range; 3 to 220 months). The mean ages of recipients and donors were 45.0 years (SD, 12.5) and 44.7 years (SD, 13.6) years, respectively. During follow-up, 18 grafts were lost and 5- and 10-year death-censored graft survival was 96.7% and 91.5%, respectively. Biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) occurred in 71 patients (55 cases of acute cellular rejection and 16 of antibody-mediated rejection). Cox-regression analysis showed that BPAR was a risk factor related to graft loss (hazard ratio [HR], 14.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.79 to 54.53; P<0.001). In addition, 15 patients died, and the 5- and 10-year patient survival was 97.2% and 91.9%, respectively. Age ≥60 years (HR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.12 to 32.61; P=0.037) and diabetes (HR, 6.18; 95% CI, 1.35 to 28.22; P=0.019) were significantly related to patient survival. Conclusions: We experienced excellent clinical outcomes of KT in terms of graft failure and patient survival despite the relatively high proportion of deceased donors. Long-term and short-term clinical outcomes have improved in the last two decades.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2023

Purpose: Since patients on hemodialysis (HD) are known to be vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies were conducted regarding the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients in Western countries. Here, we assessed antibody response of HD patients for 6 months post-vaccination to identify the duration and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Asian population. Materials and Methods: We compared antibody response of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients with healthy volunteers. Patient and control groups had two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured before vaccination, 2 weeks after the first dose, 2 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody was measured before vaccination and at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after second dose. Since the third dose was started in the middle of the study, we analyzed the effect of the third dose as well. Results: Although antibody production was weaker than the control group (n=22), the patient group (n=39) showed an increase in IgG and neutralizing antibody after two doses. And, 21/39 patients and 14/22 participants had a third dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in the patient group, mRNA-1273 in the control group), and it did not affect antibody response in both group. Trend analysis showed IgG and neutralizing antibody did not decrease over time. Age, sex, and HD vintage did not affect antibody production in HD patients. Patients with higher body mass index displayed better seroresponse, while those on immunosuppressants showed poor seroresponse. Conclusion: Two doses of vaccination led to significant antibody response in HD patients, and the antibody did not wane until 6 months.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.333-341
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• 1999

충분히 복막투석을 시행 중인 환자에서 혈압 조절은 혈액투석에 비해 비교적 용이한 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 복막투석 환자의 혈압 조절 특성 및 이에 미치는 여러 인자들을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 복막투석 시작 시 69명 모두에서 고혈압으로 항고혈압제를 사용하였으나 마지막 추적 관찰 시 항고혈압제가 전혀 필요 없었던 경우가 15명이었고 평균동맥압(mmHg)은 복막투석 시작 시 105.1에서 마지막 추적 관찰 시 97.6로 유의한(p<0.05) 감소가 있었다. 2) 6개월간 추적 관찰한 43명에서의 평균동맥압(mmHg)은 복막투석전 107, 복막 투석 후 1개월째 101.5, 2개월째 99, 3개월째 98, 4개월째 98.1, 6개월째 99.5이었고 항고혈압제 사용량(%)은 복막 투석 전 항고혈압 약제 사용량을 100%로 할 때 복막 투석 후 1개월에 75.9, 2개월에 70.4, 3개월에 64.4, 4개월에 56, 6개월에 52.1이었다. 12개월간 추적 관찰한 32명에서의 평균동맥압(mmHg)은 복막투석전 108.1, 복막투석 후 1개월에 99.1, 2개월에 98.4, 3개월에 96.9, 4개월에 97.5, 6개월에 99.2, 9개월에 98.9, 12개월에 96.1이었고 항고혈압제 사용량(%)은 복막투적 전 100, 복막투석 후 1개월에 81.9, 2개월에 73.4, 3개월에 65.7, 4개월에 55.2, 6개월에 58.1, 9개월에 45.8, 12개월에 46.7이었다. 3) 혈액투석에서 복막투석으로 전환한 환자 10명에서 혈액투석 시와 복막투석 시 평균동맥압(mmHg)이 각각 $107{\pm}4.56$, $98.6{\pm}8.77$로 복막투석 시 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮았고, 항고혈압제 사용량(%)은 각각 $5.6{\pm}2.6$, $2.0{\pm}2.5$로 복막투석 시 항고혈압 약제의 사용이 유의하게(p<0.01) 적었다. EPO 용량(U/week)은 각각 $4600{\pm}2660$, $2000{\pm}1630$로 복막투석 시 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮았다. 4) 복막투석군 중에서 항고혈압제 사용량 결정에 유의한 영향을 미치는 인자는 평균동맥압과 하루 동안의 초여과 양이었고 그 밖의 PET의 지표나 투석 적절도는 항고혈압제 사용량과 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 복막 투석 환자의 고혈압 치료 시에는 초여과 양을 충분히 고려한 항고혈압제의 사용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한소아신장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한소아신장학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 제8회 연수강좌
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• pp.22-33
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• 2007

• 대한소아신장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한소아신장학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 제8회 연수강좌
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• pp.65-77
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• 2007