• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

Objective: The appropriate function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for maintaining proper reproductive function. In female mammals, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates reproductive changes that take place in the estrus cycle and are necessary for successful reproduction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thymectomy on the estrus cycle in neonatally thymectomized guinea pigs. Methods: In this study, 12 female guinea pigs, six thymectomized and six sham-operated, were studied. The effects of neonatal thymectomy at 5-7 days of age on parameters of the reproductive axis were examined in female guinea pigs. Gonadotropin and 17β-estradiol levels were assessed at regular intervals (days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) of the estrus cycle, and the time of vaginal opening in the thymectomized and shamoperated guinea pigs was determined. Results: Significant reductions in gonadotropins and 17β-estradiol levels during estrus cycle were found in neonatally thymectomized female guinea pigs compared to sham-operated guinea pigs. Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the importance of the thymus in the neonatal period for normal female reproductive function.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on developmental positioning (EPDP) for nurses in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: The study utilized a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty NICU nurses were recruited from two university hospitals in Daejeon, South Korea. The EPDP consisted of a 7-week program: 3 weeks of education and practice, followed by 4 weeks of encouragement messages using social networking services. Developmental positioning (DP) posters and DP aids were also provided during the intervention period. The intervention group (n=30) received the EPDP, but not the control group. The data were analyzed using the 𝜒² test, the Fisher exact test, the independent t-test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Participants' knowledge (t=7.49, p<.001), attitudes (t=1.99, p=.001), self-efficacy (t=2.99, p=.004), performance of DP (t=2.98, p=.004) and Infant Positioning Assessment Tool (IPAT) scores (F=29.50, p<.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The EPDP can be an effective and useful program for improving the performance of DP among NICU nurses by increasing their knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of DP. However, further research involving various NICU settings is needed to gather more empirical evidence.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) are an autosomal recessive inherited rare disease group that result in an acute metabolic crisis and chronic energy deficiency owing to the deficiency in an enzyme that converts long-chain fatty acids into energy. LC-FAOD includes carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 1 (CPT1), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 2 (CPT2), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), and trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiencies. Common symptoms of LC-FAOD are hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. Depending on symptom onset, the disease can be divided as neonatal period, late infancy and early childhood, adolescence, or adult onset, but symptoms can appear at any time. The neonatal screening test (NBS) can be used to identify the characteristic plasma acylcarnitine profiles for each disease and confirmed by deficient enzyme analysis or molecular testing. Before introduction of NBS, the mortality rate of LC-FAOD was very high. With NBS implementation as routine neonatal care, the mortality rate was dramatically decreased, but severe symptoms such as rhabdomyolysis recur frequently and affect the quality of life. Triheptanoin (Dojolvi^®), the first drug for pediatric and adult patients with molecularly confirmed LC-FAOD, has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2020. In this review, the diagnosis of LC-FAOD and treatment including triheptanoin are summarized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.966-969
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• 1999

Congenital defects of the sternum are rare development anomalies. They result form the failure of the lateral sternal bars to fuse. This malformation may be associated with other ventral midline fusion defects and ectopia cordis. A complete sternal cleft is the rarest form and less than 10 cases have been reported in the medical literature. Here were report a 3-day-old boy with complete sternal cleft without other malformations, who underwent primary surgical repair. Surgical correction of complete sternal cleft should be performed in neonatal period whether the infant if symptomatic or not because it is usually simple, able to achieve good result and primary repair is usually feasible at this period.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1977

Veterinarians recognize the importance of fundamental information in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This is especially true as one approaches the area of canine pediatrics. Solutions to major problems encountered during the neonatal period are de

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.194-202
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• 1999

Background : Group B ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus(GBS) has been the major pathogen of neonatal sepsis in western country. In contrast, GBS has played little role in neonatal sepsis in Korea. But recently, neonatal GBS infections are encountered more frequently. It is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of GBS infection in Korean children. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of twenty-seven infants and children with GBS infection experienced at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 14 year-period from June, 1985 to June, 1999. Fourteen strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid were serotyped. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 strains were determined by agar dilution method for penicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin with sulbactam, cefarolin, cefuroxime, and cefuiaxone. Results: The numbers of cases with GBS infection increased in 1990s. Among twenty seven cases, twenty-five cases were under three months of age and both of two cases with underlying disease occurred at three years of age. All neonatal infections were late-onset type and meningitis predominated. Serotypes were III(6 strain), Ib(4), Ia(l) and V(2). All of the strain were susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested. Conclusion: GBS infections in infants were increasingly recognized. GBS should be considered as an etiological agent of neonatal sepsis or meningitis in Korea. Maternal screening and prophylactic antibiotic therapy may be considered.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.337-344
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• 2011

Purpose: To report our experience of gastrointestinal operations performed in neonates including low birth weight infants and to evaluate their clinical characteristics. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent neonatal gastrointestinal surgery or had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or inguinal hernia from January 2008 to December 2010 at Pusan National University School of Medicine. Results: The main disease was anorectal malformation and male patients were dominant. Twenty four patients (19.2%) had one or more associated anomalies including hydronephrosis and congenital heart disease. Eighteen patients (43.9%) of anorectal malformation had other anomalies. Seventy six percent of NEC cases were very low birth weight infants. Concerning mean days of full enteral feeding after operation, NEC patients needed 30.8 days, which was the longest period. Overall mortality of operation (except NEC and inguinal hernia operation) was 1.6%. The mortality of NEC with surgical treatment was 18.8%. The direct bilirubin in the operation group was significant higher than in the non-operation group in NEC patients. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality after neonatal gastrointestinal surgery were excellent. The direct bilirubin in the operation group was significant higher than in the non-operation group in NEC.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-264
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• 2003

Alcohol exposure during development leads to significant long-term neurobehavior dysfunction and central nervous system alteration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enriched enviroment in developmental period through motor behavior test and expression of BDNF. Neonatal rat exposed to alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Female Sprague-Dawley pups were assigned to two groups. Experimental group(EG) via 4.5 g kg-1day-1 of ethanol was housed in enriched enviornment for 9 weeks. The main result of this study were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean of weight change between control and experimental group. 2. In motor behavior test, there was significant difference in the mean of weight change between control and experimental group. 3. Regarding the immunoreactivity of BDNF were higher appeared experimental group than control group. In conclusion, the present results reveals that enriched enviroment in developmental period is to be extremely useful in neuronal reprganization and motor behavior improvement after alcohol exposure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.795-801
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• 2007

Patients with Type I diabetes mellitus have been treated with porcine insulin for several decades and pigs have recently been deemed an ideal source of microencapsulated islet cells for clinical xenotransplantation. In this study, neonatal pigs were anesthetized and sacrificed prior to a pancreatectomy. Islet cells were isolated from pancreas via collagenase digestion. Islet cells were separated and collected by hand under microscopic guidance. These cells were suspended in 1.4% sodium alginate solution and encapsulated by dropping them into 1.1% calcium chloride solution and in which the round gel in size was 250-400 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Viability of the microencapsulated islet cells cultured in medium at $37^{\circ}C$ was assessed by MTT assay. Furthermore, insulin released in response to glucose challenge was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Secretion of insulin was low in response to the basal glucose solution (4.4 mM) in medium and was significantly higher in response to the high glucose solution (16.7 mM). The viability of microencapsulated islet cells did not differ significantly over a period of 7 days; that is, the increasing pattern of insulin concentration in the culture medium after glucose stimulation interval day was similar throughout the 7 days cultivation. In summary, experimental evidences indicated that the effects of alginate-microencapsulation prolonged survival of the neonatal porcine islets in vitro cultures and the insulin response to glucose of the islets was maintained.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2006

Purpose: Assessment of mothers' neonatal perception is important in understanding early mothering experiences and in planning future care. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of mothers' perception and caring-confidence between normal and high-risk newborn during the early postpartum period. The ultimate goal was to contribute to healthy mother-infant relationship and development of infants. Method: The data was collected for this study at one university hospital in Daejeon from May 13, 2005 to December 20, 2005. The subjects were 53 of mothers who had normal newborn and 46 of mothers who had high-risk newborn. The instrument was the 'Neonatal Perception Inventory' by revised Ja-Hyung, Lee (1986), and the 'Caring-Confidence Scale' by revised Hyun-Joo, Oh(2000). The data were statistically analyzed by using an SPSS program and include percentage, mean, SD, t-test. Result: There were significant differences in the perception of the newborn between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn (p<.05). There were no significant differences in the perception pattern of the newborn between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn. There were no significant differences in the caring-confidence between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn. Conclusion: The nursing care in the nursery have needed to various interventions for normal and high-risk newborn mothers in order to improve the interaction and caring-confidence between mother and newborn.