• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

Introduction Jaundice is one of the most common conditions found in neonatal period. Phototherapy is one of the main treatments for neonatal jaundice. However, several adverse effects of the phototherapy have been reported, including DNA damage recently. Therefore, a variety of treatments have been conducted to shorten the duration of phototherapy. Meanwhile, it has been hardly tried to prevent neonatal jaundice, but diverse approaches have been tried in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for many years. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the studies for the treatments to prevent neonatal jaundice based on TCM. Materials and Methods Various literatures have been searched via CNKI, and PubMed using the terms "neonatal jaundice" (新生儿黄疸, 胎黃, 胎疸) in category of 'Traditional Chinese Medicine', 'Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs' and 'Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine With Western Medicine'. The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), case reports, reviews and animal experiments published from 2013 to 2015. Results A total of 104 studies were found. 93 articles were excluded by reviewing the titles and abstracts. Out of the remaining 11 studies, 9 articles were RCTs, 2 articles were CCTs. The treatment used in neonatal babies in the studies were, using herbal remedies (meditation 5, bath 3 and retention enema 1) and the acupressure. All treatments were initiated within the first 24-48 hours after their birth. Then, there was a study that the subjects taken the herbal medicine were women during pregnancy. The outcome assessments used were the serum total bilirubin (TB), transcutaneous bilirubin measurement (TCB), the incidence of the hyperbilirubinemia, the duration time of the jaundice. Especially, TB, TCB and the incidence of the hyperbilirubinemia have decreased significantly more than that of the control group in the most of the results. No severe adverse events were reported in all articles reviewed. Conclusions Conventional treatment such as, herbal medicine in TCM, seems to be the effective way to prevent neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, the conventional treatment may be favorable choice for preventive treatment for neonatal jaundice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2020

Autism spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiology. The correlation between neonatal jaundice and the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder was investigated previously. Some studies showed significant associations, whereas others demonstrated no association. In this meta-analysis, we pooled the results of observational studies to examine the association between neonatal jaundice and the risk of autism spectrum disorder among children. We identified all studies published through April 2018 by conducting a literature search using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases as well as the reference lists of the retrieved studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs), rate ratio (RR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as random effect estimates of association among studies. We conducted a subgroup analysis to explore any potential sources of intergroup heterogeneity. The pooled estimates of OR and RR showed a considerable correlation between neonatal jaundice and ASD among children (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02-1.68) and (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.74). A larger effect size was shown in the pooled estimated crude OR than in the adjusted OR (1.75 [0.96-2.54] vs. 1.19 [1.07-1.30]). This study showed that neonatal jaundice may be associated with ASD and may increase the risk of ASD among children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2006

Jaundice is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions found in neonatal period, and most jaundice is benign. But because of the possibility of bilirubin toxicity, every newborn infants must be examined to identify the development of severe hyperbilirubinemia. To prevent the development of severe hyperbilirubinemia, promote and support successful breast-feeding, perform a systemic assessment before discharge for the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia, provide early and close follow-up program, and treat with phototherapy or exchange transfusion or other therapeutic modalities, if indicated, are recommended.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

Jaundice is common in breast-fed infants. Any infant noted to be jaundiced at 2 weeks of age need to be evaluated for cholestasis with measurement of total and direct serum bilirubin. The most common causes of cholestatic jaundice in infants are biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. Genetic causes of the neonatal hepatitis syndrome are increasingly recognized and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is decreasing. Cholestasis should be investigated using a structured protocol. Early detection and timely, accurate diagnosis is important for successful treatment and a favorable prognosis. In particular, a Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia has the best outcome if performed before the infant is 8 weeks of age. The management of cholestasis is mainly supportive, including nutritional support and alleviation of symptoms to improve the quality of life. Specific treatments are available for some causes of neonatal hepatitis syndrome and should be started as soon as possible. For decompensated liver disease, liver transplantation yields a better outcome.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a breastfeeding coaching program for mothers on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants (LPIs). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study (non-randomized intervention) with a time-series design. The study was conducted among 40 LPIs who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea. In the order of admission, the first 21 infants were assigned to the experimental group, and 19 were assigned to the control group. The intervention program consisted of home- based and web-based practical breastfeeding support education for mothers across a total of 5 sessions. Infant growth was measured using body weight, length, and head circumference, and neonatal jaundice was assessed using transcutaneous bilirubin levels. Results: The likelihood of breastfeeding for infants in the experimental group at 4 weeks after discharge was the same as on the day of discharge, whereas it steadily decreased in the control group. There were significant differences in head circumference between the groups. However, weight, length, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels did not show a significant group-time interaction. Conclusion: A formal breastfeeding coaching program should be considered in clinical settings and at home within the first few weeks postpartum.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.492-496
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• 1995

To evaluate the usefulness of hepatic uptake in neonatal jaundice, Tc-99m-DISIDA cholescintigraphy was reviewed for 13 infants with prolonged mired jaundice and no demonstrable excretion into bowel,even after 24hr. Five patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remainder had neonatal hepatitis. There was no distinct differentiation of the hepatic uptake of tracer at 5 and 10 minutes between biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. The consideration of hepatic uptake rate of the tracer is not useful in differentiating neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2011

Two 4-day-old Thoroughbred foals with acute clinical signs of depression, elevated pulse and respiratory rates, anemia, and jaundice were referred to the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority. The foals were seemingly normal at birth, but showed clinical signs such as abnormal behavior, jaundice and anemia suddenly after ingestion of the mare's colostrum, followed by death at 4 days after birth. According to the results of the hematology, serum chemistry analysis, jaundice foal agglutination test, and blood groups test, the foals were diagnosed as neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by the mare's antibodies. These results suggested that the pregnant mares have a potential for NI.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1296-1300
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• 2006

Purpose : We studied the usefulness of transcutaneous bilirubinometers in follow-up of bilirubin levels during phototherapy in neonatal jaundice patients. Methods : Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured twice per day on 90 neonatal jaundice patients without risk factors of jaundice by transcutaneous bilirubinometer JM-103(Minolta/Hill-Rom Air-shields, Japan). TcB was measured simultaneously on the patched-forehead (TcB-PF), patchedchest(TcB-PC), unpatched-forehead (TcB-UF) and unpatched-chest (TcB-UC) of infants with neonatal jaundice. Plasma bilirubin (PB) was measured by American Optical bilirubinometer (American Optical Co, Buffalo, USA) within 30 minutes after transcutaneous bilirubinometer measurement. Each TcB was compared with PB. Results : In the study group, the mean gestational age was $38.6{\pm}1.3wk$, the mean birthweight was $3,207.0{\pm}472.1g$, the mean age at start of phototherapy was $4.9{\pm}0.9days$ and the mean duration of phototherapy was $1.3{\pm}0.6days$. The correlation between TcB and PB level was observed. The correlation between TcB of the patched part (TcB-PF, TcB-PC) and PB was more significant than that of the unpatched part (TcB-UF, TcB-UC) and PB. The most significant correlation was between PB and TcB-PC. Conclusion : TcB was useful in the follow-up of jaundice during phototherapy as well the screening of jaundice in neonatal jaundice patients. TcB of patched-chest area was the most reliable site in transcutaneous bilirubinometer examination in neonatal jaundice patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2011

The persistence of jaundice beyond the first 2 weeks of life require further investigation and this can be determined if the conjugated bilirubin levels are greater than 1.5 mg/dL or greater than 20% of the total bilirubin level. There is a diverse differential diagnosis for the cause of neonatal cholestasis due to hepatobiliary disease including biliary atresia, which eventually leads to liver cirrhosis if uncorrected before 60~80 days of life. Long-established initial studies include abdominal ultrasonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and liver biopsy, but better diagnostic methods are needed. Promising new options are described including MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiography), ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography), and PCC (percutaneous cholecysto-cholangiography). Though no single test can differentiate biliary atresia from other neonatal cholestasis with confidence, a combination of diagnostic methods is usually consistently beneficial. By excluding biliary atresia as early as possible, the risk of unnecessary explolaparotomy with intraoperative cholangiography is decreased. Further evaluation would be required for the diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis after excluding biliary atresia.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.453-459
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• 2019

Purpose: Jaundice accounts for most hospital admissions in the neonatal period. Nowadays, in addition to phototherapy, other auxiliary methods are used to reduce jaundice and the length of hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on the treatment of hyper-bilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 83 full-term neonates, who were admitted to the hospital to receive phototherapy in the first 6 months of 2015, were randomly divided into two groups: synbiotic (SG, n=40) and control (CG, n=43). Both groups received phototherapy but the SG also received 5 drops/day of synbiotics. Serum bilirubin, urine, stool, feeding frequency, and weight were measured daily until hospital discharge. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean total serum bilirubin in the SG was lower than that in the CG ($9.38{\pm}2.37$ and $11.17{\pm}2.60mg/dL$, respectively). The urine and stool frequency in the SG was significantly higher than that in the CG (p<0.05). The duration of hospitalization in the SG was shorter than that in the CG. Conclusion: Use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy had a significant treatment effect on jaundice in full-term neonates. Further studies including larger samples with long follow-up periods are essential to confirm the benefits of routine use of synbiotics in neonatal patients with jaundice.