• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

The aim of the research was to analyze programs, outcomes, promotion process, and operation methods of neighbourhood making to provide basic information for progressive improvement directions in the future. Buk-gu in Gwanju city, samdeok-dong in Daegu city and dongpirang in Tongyeong city were selected for a comparative analysis. The main bodies of neighbourhood making for promoting a local amenity were analysed for this research. The results indicated that a voluntary and continuous participation of residents was expected in the case of neighbourhood making led by the residents. However, a steady budget support from the outside was necessary for the continuous management and improvement of neighbourhood organization. For this, a voluntary agreement was required through the consultative group and committee formation. The member of civil organization has a limitation in the ability to develop and maintain continuos activities in the case of neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. This research found that operation methods including the constant checking, the search for new ideas through assessment of the resident's participation, local festivals for a community formation and real satisfactions of residents' desires were needed in the neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. A participation rate in neighbourhood making was low in the case of neighbourhood making led by administrative bodies. This result indicated that the long-term strategics for space renewal and community revitalization were important. Various easy ways of residents' participation to reflect their interests and operation systems were also needed. Finally, current local issues, active residents' participation and residents' opinions would be included in the process of neighbour making in the future.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present improvement for classification system of current neighborhood living facility to correspond rapid social change and various industries after understanding its status and problem. In current Building Standard Law, various kinds of buildings are classified for their structure, purpose of use, and building types. The Neighborhood Living Facility is divided into First Neighborhood Living Facility and Second Neighborhood Living Facility with applying area standards, according to facilities of convenience degree for neighborhood inhabitants. This classification, however, has problem in an arbitrary decision and applying of buildings without any definition or standards to adopt. And, there are some mixed neighborhood public functional facilities and amusement business affecting public morals among the Neighborhood Living Facility, so hazard environmental problems are also existed. According to the improved program, the study presents a prompt adoption of new facilities according to various industry increase, with minimum public discontent over adopted area standards. This study suggests making a clear scope through reclassification of Neighborhood Living Facility within the scope of the law on current Neighborhood Living Facility and an improvement plan of introducing necessary definitions on purpose of facility.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

Purpose: Since the 19th century many concrete models and theories for the ideal city had been proposed and in some way had affected on the ideal urban plans in the 20th century. Modern cities in the 20th century faced a total chaos, due to the world war and new social paradigm came from the development of technology. These social context leads us to be interested in ideal city. And two planned cities; Chandigarh, India and Brasilia, Brasil, are meaningful as the result of the modern ideal city in the early 20th century even though they completed just in part. Method: This study is focused on the characteristics of the modern ideal city in the early 20th century based on comparison with two realized cities. There are similarities and differences in their background, concept, and the characteristics of form and space. Result: First, both cities are required to make monumental and symbolic images by political issues. For this, Le Corbusier proposed the grid system for a metaphorical city and L. Costa defined the urban form with abstract axis for a mythological city. Second, the administrative districts in both cities are planned as symbolic places by formative buildings and their hierarchical arrangement. For neighbourhood unit 'Sector' in Chandigarh and 'Superquadras' in Brasilia are used for the neighbourhood unit respectively. Third, the car-oriented road system and urban environment by population overcrowding in tow cities are criticized in common. Consequently, as we can see, the modern ideal city in the early 20th century succeeds in making symbolic urban image, but exposes the limitation of sustainability.

• Atmosphere
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

This study is to explain social capital characteristics of Filipino immigrant women at the level of neighborhood. This research targeted Filipino immigrant women in the metropolis, small town and rural area in Korea to find out the relevance of individual property and characteristics of the community and social capital of neighboring communities- school community, cathedral community, etc- through measurement of the participants' recognition. This study reveals that differences exist in the relationship between length of residence and social capital in the school community and the catholic church community. There is a significant positive relationship between length of residence and political factors in the catholic church community, thereby having a better relationship with longer period of stay, while length of residence and confidence show a negative trend in the school community, leading to less confidence. The catholic church community holds a dominant position in homogeneity, cohesion, and the amount of social capital. According to the findings, social capital 'relation' is more closely related to homogeneity of the community, 'norms' to cohesion. 'Relation and norms' and 'confidence and politics' factors are recognized similarly in both communities, thus resulting in the recognition that decision making within the community, the share of value, and observance of social norms approximate a friendly relationship among members, and satisfaction level, emotional support, and confidence among members approach politics that members can talk about their personal matters. It is noted in the research process that the symbolism of the cathedral community as a transnational circuit behavior occurs where collective culture and personal desires of Filipino immigrant women were combined with production of social capital. Filipino immigrant women's awareness of community and social capital appearing in the cathedral community show that not only residence, along with the cultural identity of Filipino immigrant women, but also collective social and cultural characteristics, such as 'family reunion' can not be overlooked. In particular, at this time when discussion and debate on the interculturalism over multiculturalism is heating up, communal spirit and social capital based on the ethnic identity are important in that they can be a crucial path to the cross-cultural interaction with our society, therefore, a study on the social capital of the ethnic community needs to be encouraged and extended to more diverse communities, to the space of the multilayered scale.