• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a distributed synchronization algorithm for wireless mesh networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access. For time and frequency synchronization, a node requests its neighbor nodes for a change of fast Fourier transform starting points, transmission times, and carrier frequencies needed for synchronization. The node also updates its own time and frequency elements through simple formulas based on request messages received from neighbor nodes using a guard interval and a cyclic prefix. This process with the cooperation of neighbor nodes leads to a gradual synchronization of all nodes in the network. Through a performance comparison with a conventional scheme, we obtain simulation results indicating that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme in random topologies and a grid topology.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.661-663
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• 2021

이동통신 시스템에서 기지국에 Outage가 발생하면 해당 기지국에 접속된 단말의 연결 단절로 전체적인 네트워크 성능이 저하된다. 그러므로 Outage를 감지하고 복구하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 기지국의 KPI와 이웃 기지국의 네트워크 스캐닝을 이용하여 Outage 기지국을 검출하고, Outage 기지국의 이웃 기지국의 송신전력과 주파수 대역을 변경하여 Outage를 복구하는 기법에 대해 연구하였다. 제안된 기법은 기지국의 KPI 뿐만 아니라 이웃 기지국의 네트워크 스캐닝을 이용하여 Outage 기지국을 검출하기 때문에 기존보다 더 정확한 Outage 기지국을 검출하여 오작동을 줄일 수 있다. 추가적으로, Outage가 발생하면 이웃 기지국의 송신전력과 주파수 대역 변경을 통해 적은 신호 간섭으로 Outage를 복구할 수 있다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

This paper describes the results of a temperature analysis of Korea and its neighbor regions for temperature specification of weapon systems to be deployed in Korea, and introduces the concept of a standard deviation frequency of occurrence which represents a frequency of yearly occurrence. On the basis of this analysis, reasonable operational temperatures for the Korea weapon systems are recommended, and the regional frequency of yearly occurrence of temperatures worse than recommended operational temperatures in each country regions are presented.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2016

The rapid deployment of millions of mobile sensors and smart devices has resulted in high demand for opportunistic encounter-based networking. For the cooperative video surveillance of dashboard cameras in nearby vehicles, a fast and energy-efficient asynchronous neighbor discovery protocol is indispensable because a dashboard camera is an energy-hungry device after the vehicle's engine has turned off. In the existing asynchronous neighbor discovery protocols, all nodes always try to discover all neighbors. However, a dashboard camera needs to discover nearby dashboard cameras when an event is detected. In this paper, we propose a fast and energy-efficient asynchronous neighbor discovery protocol, which enables nodes : 1) to have different roles in neighbor discovery, 2) to discover neighbors within a search range, and 3) to report promptly the exact discovery result. The proposed protocol has two modes: periodic wake-up mode and active discovery mode. A node begins with the periodic wake-up mode to be discovered by other nodes, switches to the active discovery mode on receiving a neighbor discovery request, and returns to the periodic wake-up mode when the active discovery mode finishes. In the periodic wake-up mode, a node wakes up at multiples of number ${\alpha}$, where ${\alpha}$ is determined by the node's remaining battery power. In the active discovery mode, a node wakes up for consecutive ${\gamma}$ slots. Then, the node operating in the active discovery mode can discover all neighbors waking up at multiples of ${\beta}$ for ${\beta}{\leq}{\gamma}$ within ${\gamma}$ time slots. Since the proposed protocol assigns one half of the duty cycle to each mode, it consumes equal to or less energy than the existing protocols. A performance comparison shows that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing protocols in terms of discovery latency and energy consumption, where the frequency of neighbor discovery requests by car accidents is not constantly high.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

This paper presents the approach involving fault detection and diagnosis of gears using pattern recognition and Wavelet transform. It describes result of the comparison between KDI (Kullback Discrimination Information) with the nearest neighbor classification rule as one of pattern recognition methods and Wavelet transform to know a way to detect and diagnosis of gear damages experimentally. To model the damages 1) Normal (no defect), 2) one tooth is worn out, 3) All teeth faces are worn out 4) One tooth is broken. The vibration sensor was attached on the bearing housing. This produced the total time history data that is 20 pieces of each condition. We chose the standard data and measure distance between standard and tested data. In Wavelet transform analysis method, the time series data of magnitude in specified frequency (rotary and mesh frequency) were earned. As a result, the monitoring system using Wavelet transform method and KDI with nearest neighbor classification rule successfully detected and classified the damages from the experimental data.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.233-233
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• 2012

I review the dependence of galaxy properties on environmental parameters such as the local density, nearest neighbor distance and morphology. We find that a galaxy with an early- or late-type nearest companion within its virial radius tends to be an early or late type, respectively. The morphology of galaxies located in high density regions tends to be the same as that of the ones in low density regions if their luminosity and the nearest neighbor environment are the same. This strongly supports that galaxy morphology and luminosity evolution have been driven mainly by galaxy-galaxy interactions, and the background density affected morphology and luminosity only through the frequency of interactions.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.406-413
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• 2013

In this paper, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based minimum end-to-end delay (MED) distributed routing scheme for mobile backhaul wireless mesh networks is proposed. The proposed scheme selects routing paths based on OFDMA subcarrier synchronization control, subcarrier availability, and delay. In the proposed scheme, OFDMA is used to transmit frames between mesh routers using type-I hybrid automatic repeat request over multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Compared with other distributed routing algorithms, such as most forward within radius R, farthest neighbor routing, nearest neighbor routing, and nearest with forwarding progress, simulation results show that the proposed MED routing can reduce end-to-end delay and support highly reliable routing using only local information of neighbor nodes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권2A호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access) 기반 셀룰러 시스템에 셀 간 간섭회피 및 제거 기법을 적용하기 위한 UCA(UIIM Channel Algorithm) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 3가지 주파수 설계 방식 하에 서로 다른 2가지 UCA 알고리즘으로 단말에 주파수를 할당하는 방법들의 성능을 살펴본다. 제안한 UCA 알고리즘은 홈 섹터와 인접 섹터에서 전송된 수신 신호 파워 정보를 사용한다. 모의실험을 통해서 모든 UCA 알고리즘과 주파수 설계의 조합을 비교한다. 주된 비교 수단은 하위 5% 단말 데이터 신호대 간섭 및 잡음비이다. 제안한 UCA 알고리즘은 셀 안쪽에 위치한 단말에게는 상대적으로 낮은 파워를 할당하여 인접 셀에 유도되는 간섭을 회피하고 심벌 반복을 통하여 셀 외곽에 위치한 단말에 대한 간섭을 완화시킨다. 주파수 설계 1을 적용한 UCA 알고리즘 2가 하위 5% 단말 데이터 신호대 간섭 및 잡음비 면에서 다른 경우들에 비해 좋은 성능을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37C권10호
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• pp.901-908
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• 2012

미래의 지능형 공장 환경은 관리자가 M2M (Machine-to-Machine) 통신을 이용하여 원격으로 공장 안의 기기들의 동작 상태와 환경을 인지하고 관리하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 하지만, 공장 안에서 사용하는 통신 프로토콜인 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), ZigBee, Bluetooth 등은 동일한 ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) 대역을 사용하기 때문에 상호 간섭이 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 Fingerprinting 무선측위 기술을 이용하여 영역 기반으로 주파수를 할당하는 기법을 제안한다. 그리고 일반적인 기법이 가지고 있는 측위 성능의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여, k-NN (Nearest Neighbor) 알고리즘을 적용하고 또한 이를 기반으로 한 새로운 기법도 제안한다. 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안된 무선측위 알고리즘이 다른 기법들보다 측위 성능의 오차가 감소하였으며, 궁극적인 목표로 하고 있는 채널 간섭율 또한 향상되었기에 주파수의 간섭을 보다 효율적으로 관리할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 아울러 지속적인 위치 추정을 통하여 공장 환경 내 안전도 보장할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1393-1401
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• 2014

This paper presents an adaptive image interpolation method using a pixel-based neighbor embedding which is modified from the patch-based neighbor embedding of contemporary super resolution algorithms. Conventional interpolation methods for high resolution detect at least 16-directional edges in order to remove zig-zaging effects and selectively choose the interpolation strategy according to the direction and value of edge. Thus, they require much computation and high complexity. In order to develop a simple interpolation method preserving edge's directional shape, the proposed algorithm adopts the simplest Haar wavelet and suggests a new pixel-based embedding scheme. First, the low-quality image but high resolution, magnified into 1 octave above, is acquired using an adaptive 8-directional interpolation based on the high frequency coefficients of the wavelet transform. Thereafter, the pixel embedding process updates a high resolution pixel of the magnified image with the weighted sum of the best matched pixel value, which is searched at its low resolution image. As the results, the proposed scheme is simple and removes zig-zaging effects without any additional process.