• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1994

The Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae and are the major cause of severe childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. Recently, electron microscopy has been used to detect non-group A rotaviruses to determine a relatively high resolution structure of the rotavirion. Mature, infectious virions(double-shelled particles) have a diameter of approximately 70nm, and have a capsid structure composed of two concentric protein layers. We have studied patient's stool specimen by negative staining technique complete removal of sucrose suspension. This negative staining technique that could be carried out in about 30 minutes and that could be used with crude stool specimen was an advantage of major significance. Removal of sucrose in the sample by has been completed washing with distilled of sucrose and by washing with distilled water. Ultrastructurally, typical feature of rotavirus has a double capsid construction with an inner capsid of 55nm and on outer 65-70nm diameter can be clearly demonstrated.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1989

본 연구는 여러 수생생태계에서 유기물의 동적순환에 따른 부유성 박테리아와 부착성 박테리아의 그램염색(gram-stain) 특성을 알아보기 위한 일련의 시도로서 일본에서 두번째로 크며 부영양화가 상당히 진전된 가스미가우라 호수에서 1년간, 매주 실시했다. 이 전형적인 부영양형(eutrophic) 수생생태계의 박테리아군집의 그램염색 특성은 중영양형(mesotrophic) 환경과 같이 유기물의 유입에 따라 변화함을 보여준다. 그램음성(negative) 박테리아군집은 부유성 박테리아군집이 약 57%, 부착성 박테리아군집이 약 53%이며, 두 군집의 통계분석은 서로 다른 특성을 보여준다. 부착성 박테리아군집은 그램 양성, 음성 모두 쇄설성 유기물 형성과 분해에 영향을 미친다. 또한 그램 음성 부유박테리아는 특히 용존 유기물의 동적순환에 관여한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate recently developed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay kit to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in respiratory specimens. Methods: We assessed the positive rate of the real-time PCR assay to detect MTB and NTM in 87 culture-positive specimens (37 sputum, 50 bronchial washing), which were performed real-time PCR by using $Real-Q_{TM}$ MTB&NTM Kit from January 2009 to June 2009, at Gyeongsang University Hospital. To compare the efficacy with the TB-PCR assay, we evaluated 63 culture-positive specimens (19 sputum, 44 bronchial washing) for MTB or NTM, which were performed TB-PCR by using ABSOLUTETM MTB II PCR Kit from March 2008 to August 2008. Results: Among 87 specimens tested using real-time PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 58 and 29, respectively. The positive rate of real-time PCR assay to detect MTB was 71% (22/31) and 92.6% (25/27) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. For NTM, the positive rate of real-time PCR was 11.1% (2/18) and 72.7% (8/11) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. Among 63 specimens performed using TB-PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 46 and 17, respectively. The positive rate of TB-PCR was 61.7% (21/34) and 100% (12/12) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. TB-PCR was negative in all NTM-cultured 17 specimens. Conclusion: TB/NTM real-time PCR assay is useful to differentiate MTB and NTM in AFB stain-positive respiratory specimens and it is as effective in detecting MTB with TB-PCR.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.709-719
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• 2000

연구배경 : 폐결핵의의 활동성 여부를 판정하는 방법으로 객담검사에 더불어 HRCT가 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 객담 도말 및 배양검사의 결과와 HRCT 소견을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1996년 3월부터 1998년 9월까지 을지대학병원 호흡기내과에 내원한 활동성 폐결핵 환자를 대장으로 객담도말 및 배양검사와 HRCT를 시행하여 객담검사 결과에 따라 1군(도말(-)배양(-)군), 2군(도말(-)배양(+)군), 3군(도말(+),배양(+)군)으로 분류 하였고, 각 군에서의 HRCT소견을 비교하는 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : 도말(+),배양(+)인 3군에서는 acinar nodule, macronodule, cavity가 각각 100%. 75%, 75%로서 도말(-)배양(-)인 1군(63%, 18%, 9%)과 도말(-)배양(+)인 2군(46%, 15%, 23%) 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 많이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). centrilobular nodule and branching structure는 3군(92%)이 1군(54%) 보다 유의하게 많았으나(p<0.05), 2군(77%)과는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 객담 항상균 도말 양성군은 음성군에 비해 acinar nodule(100% vs 54%), macronodule(75% vs 17%), cavity(75% vs 17%)가 통계적으로 유의하게 많이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 결핵균 배양 양성군은 음성군에 비해서 acinar nodule(72% vs 45%), cavity(48% vs 9%)가 통계적으로 유의하게 많이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 임상증상과 흉부 X-선으로 활동성 폐결핵이 의심되는 환자에서 HRCT는 활동성 판정에 도움이 되며, centrilobular nodule and branching structure, acinar nodule, macronodule, cavity등의 소견은 객담 도말 검사상 음성이라도 항결핵제 투여와 함께 균 동정을 위한 유도객담 및 기관지경 검사의 필요 여부를 결정하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 1987

자연 발효과정중에 GRam 향성 및 음성세균의 수를 신속하고동시에 측정할 t ndlT는 방법을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 Gram 염색법을 응용하였다. 그 결과로써 Gram 염색법에의 세균수는 분광광도계에 의한 혼탁도와 A610=0.7의 범위내에서 비례관계가 성립하였다. 염색조작중 세척에 의한 균의 제거는 약 8%를 초과하지 않았다. 그리고 Escherichia coli와 Micrococcus luteus의 혼합액에서 이들의 분리 측정에 대한 표준오차는 $5.1\pm2.3$%이었다. 계수가능범위는 $5.5\times 10^{7}-1.0\times 10^{9}$세포 / ml 이었다. 그러므로 일반적인 Gram 염색법은 Gram 양성 및 음성 개체군이 혼합된 배양약에서 이들을 분별 측정하는데도 적용될 수 있다고 본다. 실제적으로, 대마침지와 김치 발효과정에서 균 생장의 동역학적 관계를 검토하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.90-92
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• 2010

Staining profiles and bacterial morphology were compared in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri by a transmission electron microscopy. Four types of negative staining regimes were employed depending on culture media and heavy metal stains. The bacterial cells grown on LB agar media often appeared clustered on the supporting film. Meanwhile, individual bacterial cells could be readily found on the preparations from LB broth media. Typical rod-shaped cells (ca. $1\;{\mu}m$ in length) and their flagella were observed in either 2% uranyl acetate (UA) or 2% neutralized potassium phosphotungstate (PTA) staining. The UA-stained bacteria often showed relatively intact cell morphology and rather positively stained cells with a thin electron-dense stain depth around bacteria. The PTA-stained bacteria were characterized by the wrinkled cell surface where the stain was entrapped in grooves. In addition, distinct electron-dense stain depth was evident around the PTA-stained preparations. Numerous fimbriae could be mostly observed from the PTA-stained preparations of the two culture media, but not from the UA-stained preparations.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.375-381
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• 1995

Two intraocular tumors were identified in low and medium dosed groups of a carcinogenicity study using 200 males and 200 females Sprague-Dawley rats in Screening & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. The tumors were grossly observed as white or yellow, unilateral nodules. They were approximately $1-2{\times}3-5mm$ in size. The tumors located in the region of iris and/or ciliary body invaded peripheral cornea. The microscopic features were usually composed of spindle cells arranged in parallel, forming gently curving bundles or whorls. The spindle cells had poorly defined cell boundaries, scant to moderate cytoplasm, fusiform nuclei and indistinct nucleoli. Mitotic figures were rare and areas of necrosis were present. The spindle cells had positive immunoreactivity for S-100 protein and vimentin but negative for desmin, collagen and HMB-45 antibody. In special histochemical studies, the spindle cells react with Gomori's stain for argyrophih fibers, Prussian blue stain for iron but negative with Masson-Fontana's stain for melanin granules. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic premelanosomes were not observed in the tumor cells due to the poor preservation of tumor masses. Based on the results, the tumors were diagnosed as amelanotic melanoma.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2012

Cocoa is a popular drink for children and contains healthy polyphenols however; a deep brown stain is left when cocoa is spilled over clothes. The main pigments in cocoa are anthocyanins that change in washing solutions with different alkalinity and metals. The removal and color changes in a cocoa stain after washing with various pH solutions and water hardness were studied. Alkalinity and the water hardness of washing solutions were important factors for the removal of cocoa stains. The removal of cocoa things in washing solutions without detergent was low (and even became negative after removal and darker) in solutions with a pH 9 and above. The cocoa stain was not removed and only the fabric color faded, although the cocoa stained cloth was washed with Korea tap water that has a pH of 7. The cocoa stain removal in detergent solutions was conspicuously higher than for only water. Even in detergent solutions, the cocoa stain removal decreased as water hardness increased. Cocoa stain removal was more effective and the color dimmest when the stained cloth was washed in a solution without the metal cations, and the bleach added with the detergent at a temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and for longer than 20 minutes. Effective and economical equipment for tap water softening for a washing machine should be developed and used to improve cocoa stain removal.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2013

Although culture is the gold standard method to identify mycobacteria, its use in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is limited due to formalin fixation of the submitted specimens. We evaluated the performance of quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) in granulomatous lymphadenitis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. From 2000 to 2010, a total number of 117 cases of lymph node samples with granulomatous inflammation which were surgically removed and fixed in formalin were studied. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen-stained (ZN) slides were reviewed. qPCR using Real TB-Taq$^{(R)}$ was performed for all cases to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thirteen non-tuberculous lymphadenopathy cases were used as negative control. Cervical lymph nodes were more frequently affected (60%, 70/117) than other sites. ZN stain for acid fast bacilli was positive in 19 (16.24%) cases. qPCR for tuberculosis was positive in 92 (78.63%) cases. Caseous necrosis was found in 103 (88.03%) cases. While the ZN stain and qPCR were both negative in all control cases, the qPCR showed a significantly higher positive rate (78.63% vs. 16.24%) compared to ZN stain in histologically diagnosed TBL. Quantitative real-time PCR proves to be more sensitive than ZN stain for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1998

$TGF-{\beta}$ is one of growth factors that may be involved in the formation of bone and cartilage. Multiple studies demonstrate that $TGF-{\beta}$ is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis, events observed in frature healing. The apperance of $TGF-{\beta}$ in the fracture during healing was evaluated by immunohistologic localization of $TGF-{\beta}$ using antibody. Twenty Sprauge-Dawley strain white male rats, each weiging about 150grams were used and divided two groups. The one group, the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect was formed in the right femur. The other group, $4{\times}2mm$ bony defect was formed in right femur. Both group were sacrificed at 3day, 1, 2, 3, 4 week and femur were harvested, paraffin sections were stained with H & E, MT stain, immunihistochemical staining with $TGF-{\beta}$ antibody and observed under light microscope. The result were as follows: 1. New bone formation and cartilagenous tissue was seen at 3day. And in the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect group, $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the cell surounding new bone. 2. The osteoclast and trabecular was seen at 1week. $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the osteoblast and in the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect group was stained more than $4{\times}2mm$ bony defect group. 3. The lamella bone and trabecule was seen from 3, 4week, and $TGF-{\beta}$ stained almost negative. From the above finding, we could concluded that $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the osteoblast at early stage and 1week, the peak stain was seen from 1week, and then decreased, almost negative stain was seen at 3, 4week.