• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

Objects : There is considerable interest in the role of serotonin(5-HT) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cimetidine, $H_2$ antagonist, produces transient increase in serum prolactin(PRL) levels by indirect serotonergic mechanism in man following intravenous administration. Therefore the authors investigated the effects of cimetidine on serum PRL levels of male unmedicated schizophrenics. Method : Baseline serum prolactin level and psychopathology were measured at 9:00 AM. in the two groups(12 positive schizophrenics, 7 negative schizophrenics) and $T_{30}$ levels were measured 30 minutes after intravenous injection of cimetidine (ie, 9:30 AM) Results: 1) Baseline prolactin levels were not different in the three groups. 2) Prolactin levels of 30 minutes after intravenous injection of cimetidine($T_{30}$) compared with baseline prolactin levels were increased all in the three groups. 3) Degrees of interval change from baseline to $T_{30}$ were significantly different between normal control and negative schizophrenics(p<0.05). Conclusion : The prolactin response to cimetidine was significantly blunted in negative male schizophrenics than normal control. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of an abnormality of serotonergic activity, including down-regulation $5-HT_2$ receptors, in male negative schizophrenics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control - macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3057-3062
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• 2013

Background: Selecting chemotherapy regimens guided by chemosensitivity tests can provide individualized therapies for cancer patients. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay is one in vitro assay which has become widely used to evaluate the sensitivity to anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and accuracy of MTS assay for predicting chemotherapeutic response in unresectable NSCLC patients. Methods: Cancer cells were isolated from malignant pleural effusions of patients by density gradient centrifugation, and their sensitivity to eight chemotherapeutic agents was examined by MTS assay and compared with clinical response. Results: A total of 37 patients participated in this study, and MTS assay produced results successfully in 34 patients (91.9%). The sensitivity rates ranged from 8.8% to 88.2%. Twenty-four of 34 patients who received chemotherapy were evaluated for in vitro-in vivo response analysis. The correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity result and in vivo response was highly significant (P=0.003), and the total predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for MTS assay were 87.5%, 94.1%, 71.4%, 88.9%, and 83.3%, respectively. The in vitro sensitivity for CDDP also showed a significant correlation with in vivo response (P=0.018, r=0.522). Conclusion: MTS assay is a preferable in vitro chemosensitivity assay that could be use to predict the response to chemotherapy and select the appropriate chemotherapy regimens for unresectable NSCLC patients, which could greatly improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce unnecessary adverse effects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effect of verbal abuse experience, coping style and resilience on emotional response and practical stress. 261 nursing students participated in this study. The Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from Dec. 1 to Dec. 20, 2014. We found a positive correlation among verbal abuse experience, emotional coping style and stress during clinical practicum; a positive correlation among problem coping style, emotional coping style and resilience; a positive correlation among emotional coping style, emotional response and stress; a negative correlation among resilience and emotional response; a positive correlation among emotional response and stress during clinical practicum. The highest impact factors affecting the emotional response was emotional coping style(${\beta}=.422$). The highest impact factors affecting stress during clinical practicum was verbal abuse experience(${\beta}=.283$). Future efforts should be focused to provide interpersonal relation training and communication skills training for a safe environment of nursing students.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

Even though neutralizing antibodies against the Hantaan virus (HTNV) has been proven to be critical against viral infections, the cellular immune responses to HTNV are also assumed to be important for viral clearance. In this report, we have examined the cellular and humoral immune responses against the HTNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) elicited by virus infection or DNA vaccination. To examine the cellular immune response against HTNV NP, we used $H-2K^b$ restricted T-cell epitopes of NP. The NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response was analyzed using a $^{51}Cr-release$ assay, intracellular cytokine staining assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tetramer binding assay in C57BL/6 mice infected with HTNV. Using these methods, we found that HTNV infection elicited a strong NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response at eight days after infection. We also found that several different methods to check the NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response showed a very high correlation among analysis. In the case of DNA vaccination by plasmid encoding nucleocapsid gene, the NP-specific antibody response was elicited $2\~4$ weeks after immunization and maximized at $6\~8$ weeks. NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response reached its peak 3 weeks after immunization. In a challenge test with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NP (rVV-HTNV-N), the rVV-HTNV-N titers in DNA vaccinated mice were decreased about 100-fold compared to the negative control mice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the variables and the influence of premenstrual syndrome and stress response on the learning flow of nursing students. Method : The participants were 162 nursing students in K city, who were surveyed between June 1 and June 10, 2018, using self-report questionnaire. Result: There were positive correlation between premenstrual syndrome of participants and stress response(r=.389, p<.001). There were negative correlation between premenstrual syndrome and learning flow(r=-1.93, p<.014), between stress response and learning flow(r=-.216 p<.001). The variables for learning flow where stress response(${\beta}=-.314$, p<.001) and Psychological change of menstruation(${\beta}=-.358$, p<.001), with a coefficient of determination($R^2$) of 30.3%. The result of this study will be useful in preparing basic date for improvement of the learning flow of the nursing students and it will be necessary to develop educational programs and strategies related with the premenstrual syndrome and stress response disposition.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

Purpose: Online and social media and mobile shopping are increasing and companies are required to provide personal information in order to supplement the non-invasive characteristics of the channels. With the increased provision of personal information, consumers' personal and social concerns about the prevention of personal information infringement are also increasing, and in response, personal or opt-in marketing has emerged to compensate for reckless information abuse. Despite the background of this emergence, the existing prior studies are limited to ignoring the negative feelings of consumers in the real world, including only the net function and positive effect of the opt-in mail. Research design, data and methodology: The research framework was intended to utilize the impact of human marketing activities on consumer attitudes combined with positive and negative factors. Factors that positively affect attitudes toward permation marketing were presented, such as informality, and perceived risks were presented as negative impact factors. Also, based on previous prior research, the prior factors of opt-in marketing were to present the effect on purchase intent through the medium of attitude toward opt-in marketing. Results: In this study, we used the framework of a two factor theory to address positive and negative factors as a leading factor in the customer attitude toward opt-in mail advertising, and as a result, functionality and personalization have a positive effect on customer attitude and perceived risk have a negative impact on customer attitude. In addition, it was confirmed that the customer attitude formed this way affects the intention to purchase again. Conclusions: This study suggests that we have demonstrated that marketing, an opt-in marketing that has been recognized as part of marketing that is deployed after obtaining customer consent, has been applied without any other marketing methodology. E-mail advertising at this point also provides practical implications that the system safeguards are in place under an opt-in protocol or system, and that even if an e-mail advertisement is carried out, customers will need to look at the level of awareness about the risks, and suggests that they need to consider the customer's journey that could lead to purchase at the content level.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.68-77
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• 2003

An improved negative capacitance circuit that cancels out input impedance of a front-end in a bioimpedance measurement and operates stably with a low gain margin has been proposed. Since the proposed circuit comprises wide-band operational amplifiers, selecting operational amplifiers is easy, while an operational amplifier of prefer bandwidth should be chosen to apply conventional circuit. Also, since gain margin can be controlled by a feedback resistor connected serially with a feedback capacitor, gain margin is tuneable with a potentiometer. The input impedance of the proposed circuit is two times larger than that of the conventional circuit and 40-times than that without a negative capacitance circuit. Furthermore, closed-loop phase response of the proposed circuit is better than that of the conventional circuit or without a negative capacitance circuit. Above all, for the proposed circuit, the frequency at which a gain peaking occurs is higher than the frequency at which the loop gain becomes a maximum. Thus, the proposed circuit is not affected by a gain peaking and can be operated with a very low gain margin.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.117-123
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• 2023

Recently, as the demand for Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and artificial intelligence has increased, the seriousness of misuse and abuse has emerged. However, intelligent CCTV, which maximizes detection of abnormal behavior, is of great help to prevent crime in the military and police. AI performs learning as taught by humans and then proceeds with self-learning. Since AI makes judgments according to the learned results, it is necessary to clearly understand the characteristics of learning. However, it is often difficult to visually judge strange and abnormal behaviors that are ambiguous even for humans to judge. It is very difficult to learn this with the eyes of artificial intelligence, and the result of learning is very many False Positive, False Negative, and True Negative. In response, this paper presented standards and methods for clarifying the learning of AI's strange and abnormal behaviors, and presented learning measures to maximize the judgment ability of intelligent CCTV's False Positive, False Negative, and True Negative. Through this paper, it is expected that the artificial intelligence engine performance of intelligent CCTV currently in use can be maximized, and the ratio of False Positive and False Negative can be minimized..

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the view of the choice of spouse and marriage of unmarried women's college students. Most respondents in this study think that the optimum age for marriage is 27 and prefer a seniority in age of 3-4 years who feels in love as the future husband. Also, they wish that the job of future husband be a technical expert. Approximately 63% of respondents recognize the necessity of marriage but 38% of respondents do not show a positive opinion for marriage. They also expect the emotional stabilization or partnership from marriage. Majority of respondents show a negative response to the marriage as means to solve economic difficulties. However, only 25.9% of respondents strongly show the negative opinion. In the acquaintance of the opposite sex in the purpose for marriage, most respondent are negative. However, they are positive in keeping virginal purity prior to marriage. Also, it has revealed that respondents want a partnership through allotment in domestic duties including baby sitting rather than household management through patriarchal system. In household economy, they prefer sharing living expenses and having a job after marriage. In choosing an ideal husband, although the academic background is considered as an important factor, but the present occupation is more important than the academic background. Also, one of the priority to choosing a spouse is influenced by each household circumstance and economic balance. About half of respondents want their parents-in-law to be alive, however, few respondents want to live together with parents-in-law.