• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

As Internet lastly grows, network attack techniques are transformed and new attack types are appearing. The existing network-based intrusion detection systems detect well known attack, but the false-positive or false-negative against unknown attack is appearing high. In addition, The existing network-based intrusion detection systems is difficult to real time detection against a large network pack data in the network and to response and recognition against new attack type. Therefore, it requires method to heighten the detection rate about a various large dataset and to reduce the false-positive. In this paper, we propose method to reduce the false-positive using multi-level detection algorithm, that is combine the multidimensional Apriori algorithm and the modified Negative Selection algorithm. And we apply this algorithm in intrusion detection and, to be sure, it has a good performance.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

Purpose: In response to the rapid spread of COVID-19 in 2020, the government supported facilities and equipment through the 'Urgent Isolation Ward Expansion Project'. Design and remodeling of efficient negative pressure isolation facilities had to be done in a short period of time, and the performance gap between facilities was very large because the types of hospitals and wards of existing medical facilities were diverse. In order to secure the stability of isolation wards between medical facilities and reduce the facility gap, guidelines for planning isolation wards considering the diversity of each hospital should be appropriately presented. In consideration of these points, this study aims to provide basic data for future remodeling guidelines for each plan type of the negative pressure isolation ward first. Methods: We analyzed the plans before and after the change of 13 case hospitals that performed the urgent care bed expansion project for COVID-19 confirmed patients. Before the remodeling, the current status of the facility was analyzed according to the type of corridor, the location of the nursing station, and the location of the elevator. After remodeling, the flow of medical staff and patients, the flow of entry and exit of clean and contaminated items, and the space of negative pressure and non-negative pressure areas. Results: The ward type was divided into three types according to the corridor type and room arrangement: double loaded corridor type with two side wards, race track type with one side ward, and race track type with two side wards. Based on these three types, the standard floor plan type of the isolation ward was proposed in terms of the location of the elevator bank and Nurse station. Implications: When the existing general ward is converted into a negative pressure isolation ward, this study can be a basic data to present customized guidelines for each ward type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.825-833
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• 2011

Forty-five Hisex commercial layers and forty-five local Saudi breed layers were used to determine the acceptable limit of short-term water restriction in the late phase of production, when the problem of high feed and water consumption is expected. The experiment was performed under hot and arid environmental conditions when the layers were at fifty weeks of age. Layers from each breed were randomly assigned in groups of five into nine floor pens. The average environmental temperature was 37.2-$38.6^{\circ}C$, and the relative humidity was between 20 to 37%. The trial was divided into 3 periods; control (1 week), water restriction (2 weeks) and rehydration (1 week). During the restriction period, layers from each breed were divided into three groups that received 20, 40, and 0% restriction of drinking water relative to their consumed water during the control period. During the study, feed and water consumption, body weight, changes in body weight, egg production, primary antibody response to SRBC, and rectal temperature were evaluated. Water restriction did not result in any clear effect on feed intake in either breed, however, commercial layers tended to consume less feed compared to the local breed. Body weight declined with water restriction during the first week of restriction in the commercial breed regardless of rate of restriction, but it was delayed until the second week in the local breed. Water restriction of 40% decreased egg production in both breeds but with a delay of 1 week in the local breed. Antibody level to SRBC was not affected by water restriction in the commercial line while it was highly affected in the local breed. A water restriction of 20% is considered to be an acceptable limit under the current experimental conditions without a negative effect on egg production in both breeds and considering the immune status of the local breed. Whereas, 40% restriction had a negative effect on egg production, and varied effects in the other traits in both breeds.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.361-365
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• 2012

Aims: To investigate the relationship between the expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin in advanced breast cancers and chemotherapeutic effects of docetaxel. Methods: Clinical pathological data of 74 patients with advanced breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed after docetaxel chemotherapy. Expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin was assessed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed with reference to therapeutical and adverse effects of docetaxel. Results: The positive expression rate of ${\beta}$-tubulin III was 38.1% (32/84), while that of survivin was 76.2% (64/84). The effective rate (complete response + partial response) was 52.4%. That for patients with the positive expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III or/and survivin was significantly lower than for those with negative expression (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the non-progression of median diseases, 1-year and 2-year survival rates of between the patients with positive and negative expression (P<0.05). The main side effects were myelosuppression, alimentary canal response and alopecie, no differences being observed between groups. Conclusions: The combined detection of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin is a predictive index for chemotherapy effects of docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2002

In this paper, a dual type PFD(Phase Frequency Detector) for high speed PLL to improve output characteristics using TSPC(True Single Phase Clocking) circuit is proposed. The conventional 3-state PFD has problems with large dead-zone and long delay time. Therefore, it is not applicable to high-speed PLL(Phase-Locked Loop). A dynamic PFD with dynamic CMOS logic circuit is proposed to improve these problems. But, it has the disadvantage of jitter noise due to the variation of the duty cycle. In order to solve the problems of previous PFD, the proposed PFD improves not only the dead zone and duty cycle but also jitter noise and response characteristics by the TSPC circuit and dual structured PFD circuit. The PFD is consists of a P-PFD(Positive edge triggered PFD) and a N-PFD(Negative edge triggered PFD) and improves response characteristics to increase PFD gain. The Hspice simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of proposed PFD. From the experimental results, it has the better dead zone, duty cycle and response characteristics than conventional PFDs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.126-134
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• 2013

The object of this study is to investigate how to effect on the response characteristic if the image were used in the internet survey about the social issues. Especially in case of the social issues with pros and cons opinions, the effects of the image on the response characteristics were investigated. In this study, the response attitude of the 4 different groups to 3 social issues was measured at March, 2013. The 4 different groups are following: group with only text information, group with positive image, group with negative image, and group with both image. It is shown in the outcome of analysis on survey that the group with negative images tend to respond negatively and the group with positive images tend to respond positively. It means the priming effect. As a conclusion of this study, if the image were used in the social investigation, the image should be selected discreetly and the effect of image should be reflected in the analysis in consideration of the priming effect of the image.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6397-6401
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• 2012

Background: No factor has thus far been identified to predict the efficacy of bevacizumab therapy for colorectal cancer. We here therefore studied PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and p53 by immunohistochemistry as possible prognostic and predictive factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 retrospectively collected tumor samples were evaluated, all from patients receiving bevacizumab-based regimens. VEGF-A, PTEN, HER2, p53 were assessed and data was compared with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients and the bevacizumab response rate. Results: In this study, the median age of the 34 metastatic colorectal cancer patients was 55.5 (24-75), twelve (35.3%) being women and 22 (64.7%) men. PTEN, VEGF, HER2, p53 expressions were compared with bevacizumab response and other chacteristics of disease. Statistical significant differences were not found between bevacizumab response rates and different expression levels of VEGF, PTEN, HER2 and p53 (respectively p=0.256, p=0.832, p=0.189, p=0.131). However, a survival difference was noted in the VEGF expression negative group (median OS:55 months; 95%CI, 22-88 months) (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant OS difference in other groups (PTEN p=0.6, HER2 p=0.189, p53 p=0.13). Conclusions: We did not find any predictive factor for BV therapy in our study. VEGF negative expression could be an important prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7737-7740
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• 2014

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with pancreatic, colorectal, lung, gastric cancer and renal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pathological complete response (pCR) and pretreatment NLR values in locally advanced breast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods: Datawere collected retrospectively from the Akdeniz University School of Medicine Database for locally advanced BC patients treated with NACT between January 2000-December 2013. Results: A total of 78 patients were analyzed. Sixteen (20%) patients achieved pCR. Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity was lower in pCR+ than pCR-cases (p=0.011). The median NLR values were similar in both arms. The optimum NLR cut-off point for BC patients with PCR+ was 2.33 (AUC:0.544, 95%CI [0.401-0.688], p=0.586) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of 50%, 51,6%, 21,1%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed no relationship between the pCR and pretreatment NLR values. Because of a considerable high NPV, in the patients with higher NLR who had luminal type BC in which pCR is lower after NACT, such treatment may not be recommended.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2008

In the previous studies, we isolated the compound K rich fractions (CKRF) and showed that CKRF inhibited Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. To extend our previous studies,1) we investigated the molecular mechanisms of CKRF in the TLR4-associated signaling via nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$, and in vivo role of CKRF for induction of tolerance in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock. In murine bone marrow-dervied macrophages, CKRF significantly inhibited the induction of mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, CKRF significantly attenuated the transcriptional activities of TLR4/LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$. Nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in response to LPS stimulation was significantly abrogated by pre-treatment with CKRF. Furthermore, CKRF inhibited the recruitment of p65 to the interferon-sensitive response element flanking region in response to LPS. Finally, oral administration of CKRF significantly protected mice from Gram-negative bacterial LPS-induced lethal shock and inhibited systemic inflammatory cytokine levels. Together, these results demonstrate that CKRF modulates the TLR4-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ activation, and suggest a therapeutic role for Gram-negative septic shock.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1188-1192
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• 2003

Negative feedback on GH responses to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) has been reported and this action has been suggested to act through an increase in somatostatin. To determine whether the acute administration of porcine GH (pGH) inhibits GH responsiveness to GHRP-2 and GHRH in swine, swine were intravenously administered with pGH (5${\mu}g$/kg BW) or placebo followed 180 min later by a second intravenous administration of saline, GHRP-2 (30 ${\mu}g$/kg BW), GHRH (1${\mu}g$/kg BW) and a combination of GHRP-2 and GHRH. Plasma GH concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Administration of pGH caused a significant increase in GH area under curve and GH peak concentrations (p<0.001) over placebo-treated group. Plasma GH concentrations peaked at 15 min and returned to baseline level within 90 min. Pretreatment of pGH abolished (p<0.01) GH response to GHRH and attenuated (p<0.05) GH response to GHRP-2 and GHRH combined, without affecting GH response to GHRP-2. These results demonstrate that negative feedback action on GH releasing effect of GHRH occurs in swine, and that GHRP-2 has ability to interact in this action.