• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2016

The study deals with physical modeling of a typical building frame resting on pile raft foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using finite element based software ETABS. Both- the elements of superstructure and substructure (i.e., foundation) including soil is assumed to remain in elastic state at all the time. The raft is modelled as a thin plate and the pile and soils are treated as interactive springs. Both- the resistance of the piles as well as that of raft base - are incorporated into the model. Interactions between raft-soil-pile are computed. The proposed method makes it possible to solve the problems of uniformly and large non-uniformly arranged piled rafts in a time saving way using finite element based software ETABS. The effect of the various parameters of the pile raft foundation such as thickness of raft and pile diameter is evaluated on the response of superstructure. The response included the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase displacement and increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in the present study.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of financial leverage on firm's profitability in the listed textile sector of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: A sample of 22 DSE listed textile firms has been used to conduct the study. In this study, firm profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE) and both short term debt and long term debt are used as the as proxies of financial leverage. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models have been used to test the relationship between financial leverage and profitability of firms. Result: This study finds a significant negative relationship between leverage and firm's profitability using the Pooled OLS method. The result is also consistent with the fixed effect and GMM method. This result implies that firm's profitability is negatively affected by the firm's capital structure. Conclusion: The study concludes that maximum textile firms use external debt as a source of finance as they don't have sufficient internally generated funds. This study recommends that firm should give more emphasize on generating fund internally to meet up their financing needs.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

Based on the work of Anand et al. (2013) we measure inclusive income growth, which combines growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and growth in the equity of the income distribution. Extending the work of Causa et al. (2014), we estimate a dynamic simultaneous structural equations model of GDP per capita and inclusive income on panel data for 63 countries over the 1990-2013 period. We estimate both equations in error correction form by difference GMM (generalized method of moments). Among the explanatory variables of the level and the distribution of GDP per capita we include R&D (research and development) expenditure per capita. In OECD countries we obtain a large positive effect of R&D on GDP. R&D is found to have a positive effect on the social mobility index but its impact on the income equity index at first decreases, then switches around to become slightly positive in the long run. In non- OECD countries, R&D is found to decrease inclusive income, mostly through a negative growth effect but also because of a slightly increasing income inequity effect.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.373-393
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• 2014

A finite element model for predicting the entire nonlinear behavior of reinforced high-strength concrete continuous beams is described. The model is based on the moment-curvature relations pre-generated through section analysis, and is formulated utilizing the Timoshenko beam theory. The validity of the model is verified with experimental results of a series of continuous high-strength concrete beam specimens. Some important aspects of behavior of the beams having different tensile reinforcement ratios are evaluated. In addition, a parametric study is carried out on continuous high-strength concrete beams with practical dimensions to examine the effect of tensile reinforcement on the degree of moment redistribution. The analysis shows that the tensile reinforcement in continuous high-strength concrete beams affects significantly the member behavior, namely, the flexural cracking stiffness, flexural ductility, neutral axis depth and redistribution of moments. It is also found that the relation between the tensile reinforcement ratios at critical negative and positive moment regions has great influence on the moment redistribution, while the importance of this factor is neglected in various codes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

The study empirically examines the effects of loan portfolio diversification on bank risk and return in the nascent banking market of Vietnam. Loan portfolio diversification is captured through the Hirschman-Herfindahl index and the Shannon Entropy with sectoral exposures. We access each bank's financial reports to collect the required data, especially the breakdown of sectoral loan portfolios, thus constituting a unique dataset. To compute bank return, we use the traditional accounting indicators, including return-on-assets, return-on-equity, and net-interest margin. For bank risk, we utilize the loan-loss provisions and non-performing loans relative to gross customer loans. Using a sample of 30 commercial banks over the period from 2008 to 2019 and the system generalized method of moments estimator for the dynamic panel, we indicate the downsides of portfolio diversification. Concretely, we observe that all diversification measures exhibit significantly negative signs in all regressions across different bank return proxies. At the same time, the estimates display the significant and positive impact of diversification on the non-performing loan ratio. Hence, sectoral loan portfolio diversification significantly hampers bank performance in both aspects of lower return and higher credit risk. The results are robust across a rich set of bank performance and portfolio diversification measures.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2013

This study relates to meta-phenomena in architectural design. Among others, this study aims to interpret and demonstrate the cognitive thoughts and methodological systems in 'autonomy and instrumentality' presented in works of art by positivist architects focusing on diagrams after the second modernity in addition to earlier formal experiments by John Hejduk, Peter Eisenman, Bernard Tschumi, and Daniel Libeskind. In order to achieve these aims, this study approached the mimetic concepts developed by Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno. Especially, meta-phenomena in the methods of architectural design were connected to productivity in Adorno's mimetic concepts. Also, in terms of formation and creation of works of art, the mimetic backgrounds of Adorno's theories on aesthetics were identified from features of concepts on the part of formal experiments. The results were systemized methodologically based on meta-phenomena appearing in pure arts and overall architectural design. These were presented as a framework to interpret 'autonomy and instrumentality' that exist in the working of negativity and mimesis. In this way, logics and intuition in architectural design as well as methodological systemization of convergent creativity were proved valid. In conclusion, Adorno's mimetic concepts systemized based on negativity and critical awareness may lead to new concepts. It has been proved that it is valid for security of meta-phenomena of architectural design as a production of autonomous spaces for differences and creation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.379-398
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• 2015

Confinement is known to have important influence on ductility of high-strength concrete (HSC) members and it may therefore be anticipated that this parameter would also affect notably the moment redistribution in these members. The correctness of this "common-sense knowledge" is examined in the present study. A numerical test is performed on two-span continuous reinforced HSC beams with and without confinement using an experimentally validated nonlinear model. The results show that the effect of confinement on moment redistribution is totally different from that on flexural ductility. The moment redistribution at ultimate limit state is found to be almost independent of the confinement, provided that both the negative and positive plastic hinges have formed at failure. The numerical findings are consistent with tests performed on prototype HSC beams. Several design codes are evaluated. It is demonstrated that the code equations by Eurocode 2 (EC2), British Standards Institution (BSI) and Canadian Standards Association (CSA) can well reflect the effect of confinement on moment redistribution in reinforced HSC beams but the American Concrete Institute (ACI) code cannot.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 1편에서 얻어진 온도분포와 박리시간이력을 이용하여 지하박스구조물의 열응력을 산정하고 이에 기반한 열모멘트를 산청하였다. 또한 이때의 온도분포를 바탕으로 구조물의 열적비선형성을 고려한 극한모멘트를 산정하여 구조물의 내하력을 산정하였다. 그 결과 상부슬래브의 부모멘트 구간은 단면의 온도경사에 의해서 발생하는 열모멘트에 의해 지배받는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 정모멘트 구간은 박리에 의해 화염에 노출된 철근의 항복응력에 의해 지배받는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.835-842
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the impact of debt on corporate profitability in the context of Vietnam. The paper investigates the impact of debt on corporate profitability in non-finance listed companies on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of the research sample includes 118 non-financial listed companies on the Vietnam stock market for a period of nine years, from 2009 to 2017. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, corporate profitability is measured as the return of EBIT on total assets. The debt ratio is a ratio that indicates the proportion of a company's debt to its total assets. Firm sizes, tangible assets, growth rate, and taxes are control variables in the study. The empirical results show that debt has a statistically significant negative effect on corporate profitability. The result also shows this effect is stronger in a non-linear (concave) way, we show that the debt ratio has nonlinear effects on corporate profitability. From this, experimental evidence shows that the optimal debt ratio is 38.87%. This evidence provides a new insight to managers of the non-finance companies on how to improve the firm's profitability with debt.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2017

External pre-stressing is often used in strengthening or retrofitting of steel-concrete composite beams. In this way, a proper numerical model should be able to trace the completely nonlinear response of these structures at service and ultimate loads. A three dimensional finite element model based on shell elements for representing the concrete slab and the steel beam are used in this work. Partial interaction at the slab-beam interface can be taken into account by using special beam-column elements as shear connectors. External pre-stressed tendons are modeled by using one-dimensional catenary elements. Contact elements are included in the analysis to represent the slipping at the tendon-deviator locations. Validation of the numerical model is established by simulating seven pre-stressed steel-concrete composite beams with experimental results. The model predictions agree well with the experimental results in terms of collapse loads, path failures and cracking lengths at negative moment regions due to service loads. Finally, the accuracy of some simplified formulas found in the specialized literature to predict cracking lengths at interior supports at service loading and for the evaluation of ultimate bending moments is also examined in this work.