• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1210-1217
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• 2021

Two gram-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, and white colony-forming bacteria, strains H242^T and B156^T, were isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells of strain H242^T were oxidase-positive and non-motile short rods, while those of strain B156^T were oxidase-negative and long non-motile rods. Ubiquinone-8 was identified as the sole isoprenoid quinone in both strains. C_16:0, cyclo-C_17:0, andsummed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol were identified in both strains as the major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains H242^T and B156^T were 69.4 mol% and 69.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and 92 concatenated core gene sequences revealed that strains H242^T and B156^T formed distinct phylogenic lineages from other Ramlibacter type strains. The DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value between strains H242^T and B156^T was 24.6%. Strains H242^T and B156^T were most closely related to Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans BXN5-27^T and Ramlibacter monticola G-3-2^T with 98.4% and 98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Digital DDH values between strain H242^T and R. ginsenosidimutans and between strain B156^T and R. monticola were 23.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular analyses indicated that strains H242^T and B156^T represent two novel species of the genus Ramlibacter, for which the names Ramlibacter terrae sp. nov. and Ramlibacter montanisoli sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strains of R. terrae and R. montanisoli are H242^T (=KACC 21667^T=JCM 33922^T) and B156^T (=KACC 21665^T=JCM 33920^T), respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1554-1560
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• 2006

A Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non motile, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil $114^T$, was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea), and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. It grew well on nutrient agar medium and utilized a limited number of organic substrates as sole carbon sources, including D-xylose and some other carbohydrates, but did not utilize L-amino acids and organic acids. The isolate was positive for oxidase test but negative for catalase, and negative for degradation of macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, xylan, casein, chitin, and DNA. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.8 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were $anteiso-C_{15:0}$ (32.1%), $iso-C_{15:0}$ (30.5%), and $anteiso-C_{17:0}$ (30.2%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil $114^T$ fell within the radiation of the cluster comprising Bacillus species and joined Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ with a bootstrap value of 95%. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found with Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ (97.6%), Bacillus acidicola DSM $14745^T$ (96.9%), Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM $10599^T$ (96.5%), and Bacillus oleronius DSM $9356^T$ (96.5%). The phylogenetic distance from any other validly described species within the genus Bacillus was less than 96%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-similarities between strain Gsoil $114^T$ and closest phylogenetic neighbors were less than 39%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil $114^T$ (=KCTC $13944^T$=DSMZ $18134^T$) was classified in the genus Bacillus as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus ginsengihumi sp. nov. is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

This study assessed the effects of Weissella cibaria (W. cibaria) CMU on oral health in male and female beagles (n = 18) by measuring oral malodor and periodontal disease-related parameters (calculus, plaque, and gingivitis indices). Oral malodor and indicators of periodontal disease were assessed in five treatment groups: negative control (scaling and 0.24 mg of maltodextrin, n = 3), positive control (0.24 mg of maltodextrin, n = 3), and W. cibaria CMU groups (each n = 4) at low (CMU-L, $2{\times}10^7$ colony forming unit [CFU]), medium (CMU-M, $2{\times}10^8CFU$), and high (CMU-H, $2{\times}10^9CFU$) concentrations. After feeding with W. cibaria CMU for 6 weeks, total volatile sulfur compound concentrations in the CMU-L ($2.0{\pm}1.04ng/10mL$), CMU-M ($2.4{\pm}1.05ng/10mL$), and CMU-H ($2.6{\pm}1.33ng/10mL$) groups were significantly lower than in the positive control group ($3.2{\pm}1.65ng/10mL$). Also, CMU-L ($1.4{\pm}0.83ng/10mL$) and CMU-H ($1.9{\pm}1.14ng/10mL$) groups had methyl mercaptan levels lower than that in the positive control group ($2.4{\pm}1.21ng/10mL$) at week 2. The plaque index was significantly lower in the CMU-H group ($4.5{\pm}0.28$) than in the positive control group ($5.9{\pm}1.08$) at week 6. W. cibaria CMU could be useful as a novel oral hygiene probiotics for reducing volatile sulfur compounds production and inhibiting plaque growth in companion animals.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.277-283
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• 2009

Biogenic amines are generally formed through the decarboxylation of specific free amino acids by exogenous decarboxylases released by microbial species associated with the fish products and fermented feeds. This study was conducted to investigate the properties of e tuna waste regarding the control of degradation of biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, putrescine, and cadaverine) that might be related with the anti-nutritional factor of the tuna waste that is used for manufacturing domestic fish meal. The values of pH and the salt content were 6.51, 3.35% in tuna waste and 5.58 and 5.83% in tuna fish meal, respectively. The strains and dominant bacteria tested in the tuna waste sample were 9.20, 9.29, 5.67, 7.82 and 7.58 log CFU/g of total bacteria, aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform (TC), Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp., respectively. The main histamine forming-bacteria (HFB) in tuna waste were detected by silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and 7 histamine-forming bacterial species were isolated among microbes grown in selective medium. The histamine concentration was determined by detection of fluorescence of ο-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) derivatives using HPLC and the date were used to reconfirm the identities of the amine-producing bacteria. The 15 histamine- forming bacteria strains grown in trypicase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1% L-histidine (TSBH) were identified as Lactococcus(L.) lactis subsp. lactis, Klebsiella pneummonlae, L. garvieae 36, Vibrio olivaceus, Hafnia alvei and L. garvieae which were main dominant amine - producing strains, and Morganella morganii identified by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing with PCR amplification. A Phylogenetic tree generated from the 16S rRNA sequencing data showed different phyletic lines that could be readily classified as biogenic amine forming gram-positive and negative bacteria.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

Purpose: Current study focused on investigating the effects of the self-dissociation as a thought in which consumers dis-identify or dissociate with the threatened in-group and the escapism as a tendency of consumers' distracting themselves and avoiding their thoughts about the in-group under severe but adoptable criticism by turning their attention elsewhere on across-domain compensatory consumption intention. And It explored not only the positive roles of undesirability thought against the in-group in consumers' forming the self-dissociation and the escapism, but also the effects of negative emotion to the in-group felt at the place of being exposed to the criticism against the in-group on the escapism. Research design, data, and methodology: The experiment was performed with the in-group-threatening single factor within-subject design. Questionnaire data were collected from 196 undergraduate students, and the data were used to testing research hypotheses by structural equation model of Amos 21.0. Results: First, both the self-dissociation of consumers' dis-identifying with the in-group criticized severely by others and the escapism of their deliberately directing their thoughts and distracting their attention away from thinking the in-group positively influenced on the across-domain compensatory consumption intention. Second, the negative emotion positively influenced on the escapism. Third, the undesirability thought to the in-group under the severe criticism positively effected on the self-dissociation as well as the escapism. Putting in the nutshell, the findings of this study are consistent with the idea that consumers can overcome the negative self-discrepancy on one dimension of their social identity by distracting themselves and avoiding thinking about the threatened in-group to find meaning on another dimension which might lead them to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption. Conclusions - Focusing on the results of this study, checking which aspects of consumers' social identity are linked to products or brands is at issue to marketers when the consumers are faced with the criticism against the in-group. The marketers should build the messages about their products or brand not related to the checked aspects, and communicate the messages, to lead the consumers to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption by their products or brands.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1987

The morphological study on the parenchymal cells in the adult planaria performed to observe their cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics. The results are as follows. Nine types of cells are found in parenchyma. 1. Free parenchymal cell: These cells contain several chromatoid bodies around the nucleus. Heterochromatins are evenly dispersed in large nucleus. These cells are abundant in free ribosomes. 2. Fixed parenchymal cells: These cells have well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi complex but they contain the cytosols exhibiting electron-lucencies. 3. Rhabdite-forming cells: These cells contain the electron-dense rhabdite granules of up to about 0.3 x 0.9 $\mu$m in size. Rhabdite-forming cells have well-developed cell organelles, granular endolplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgy complex. 4. A-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells contain irregularly-shaped granules exhibiting alcianophilia. These granules surrounded by a limited membrane, approximately 1.4 x 0.7 $\mu$m in size, are accumulated in the cytoplasm. 5. C-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells contain electron-dense granules of less than 0.2 $\mu$m in size, which exhibit PAS- positive reaction. This type of granule is also found in the muscle layer of parenchyma. 6. D-type of basophilic granule cells: This type of granule cell occurs only in the parenchyma around reproductive organ. The granules have cytochemical characteristics that they exhibit strongly positive reaction with PAS and weakly eosinophilic property. These electron-dense granules, which are 0.2 to 0.6 $\mu$m in length, have oval shapes. 7. E-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells are found only in the parenchyma around re productive organ. The granules contained in a small number in the cell, exhibit PAS-positive reaction and have an average size of 0. 2pm. 8. Eosinophilic granule cells: These cells contain a large number of eosinophilic granules which have relatively diverse sizes from 0.3 x 0.2 to 0.8 x 0.4 $\mu$m. Most of granules are round or irregularly-shaped and highly electrondense. These cells have an array of well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum of which cisternae are distened. 9. Transparent granule cells contain electron-lucent granules which exhibit negative reactions with three kinds of cytochemical methods used in this experiment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1448-1456
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• 2023

A Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, designated as BK2^T, was isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable food, and the taxonomic characteristics of strain BK2^T, along with strain LMG 11983, were analyzed. Both strains optimally grew at 30℃, pH 7.0, and 1.0% NaCl. Cells of both strains were heterofermentative and facultatively anaerobic rods, demonstrating negative reactions for catalase and oxidase. Major fatty acids (>10%) identified in both strains were C_18:1 ω9c, C_16:0, and summed feature 7 (comprising C_19:1 ω6c and/or C_19:1 ω7c). The genomic DNA G+C contents of both strains were 44.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%), average nucleotide identity (ANI; 99.9%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; 99.7%) value between strains BK2^T and LMG 11983 indicated that they are different strains of the same species. Strain BK2^T was most closely related to Weissella confusa JCM 1093^T and Weissella cibaria LMG 17699^T, with 100% and 99.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. However, based on the ANI and dDDH values (92.3% and 48.1% with W. confusa, and 78.4% and 23.5% with W. cibaria), it was evident that strain BK2^T represents a distinct species separate from W. confusa and W. cibaria. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains BK2^T and LMG 11983 represent a novel species of the genus Weissella, for which the name Weissella fermenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is BK2^T (=KACC 22833^T=JCM 35750^T).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.242-257
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration in osseointegrated implants using stem cells. Methods: Commercial pure titanium and zirconium oxide (zirconia) were coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm). Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSCs) from rabbit tibia and femur, isolated PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) from the lower right incisor, and co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs were tested for periostin markers using an immunofluorescent assay. Implants with 3D-engineered tissue were implanted into the lower right central incisors after extraction from rabbits. Forty implants (Ti or zirconia) were subdivided according to the duration of implantation (healing period: 45 or 90 days). Each subgroup (20 implants) was subdivided into 4 groups (without cells, PDLSC sheets, BMMSC sheets, and co-culture cell sheets). All groups underwent histological testing involving haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, stereoscopic analysis to measure the PDL width, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The natural lower central incisors were used as controls. Results: The BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs generated a well-formed PDL tissue that exhibited positive periostin expression. Histological analysis showed that the implantation of coated (Ti and zirconia) dental implants without a cell sheet resulted in a well-osseointegrated implant at both healing intervals, which was confirmed with FESEM analysis and negative periostin expression. The mesenchymal tissue structured from PDLSCs only or co-cultured (BMMSCs and PDLSCs) could form a natural periodontal tissue with no significant difference between Ti and zirconia implants, consequently forming a biohybrid dental implant. Green fluorescence for periostin was clearly detected around the biohybrid implants after 45 and 90 days. FESEM showed the invasion of PDL-like fibres perpendicular to the cementum of the bio-hybrid implants. Conclusions: β-TCP-coated (Ti and zirconia) implants generated periodontal tissue and formed biohybrid implants when mesenchymal-tissue-layered cell sheets were isolated from PDLSCs alone or co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2019

The environmental changes in the Korean cosmetic medical service industry in the $21^{st}$ century are forming intense competition among medical institutions due to the quantitative expansion of its market. For stable growth of the cosmetic medical service industry, continuous quality improvement is necessary based on empirical research on the quality of cosmetic medical services rather than external expansion. The purpose of this study is to classify the quality attributes of cosmetic medical service using Kano model and to derive the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of each quality attributes through Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CSC). Through this, the study identified strategic priorities and suggested specific step-by-step approaches and quality improvement priorities that can increase customer satisfaction using the Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement Index (PCSI Index). Based on SERVPERF, this study used measurement tools consisting of five dimensions : tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In addition, it was used of measurement items reconstructed into positive, negative, and satisfaction questions for Kano model analysis, CSC analysis, and PCSI Index analysis. A total of 300 medical consumers who experienced cosmetic medical services for the past one year in medical institutions such as plastic surgery and dermatology were collected with convenient sampling. As a result, urgent items for improving the quality of service using the PCSI Index, 'Consideration for customer benefits' in empathy category was followed by 'Immediate help' and 'Sincere response' in responsiveness category, and 'Understanding customer needs' in empathy category, respectively. That is, it is required to improve human service quality attributes such as empathy and responsiveness rather than physical service quality attributes. This study contributes practically in that it provides specific and discriminatory approaches to improve customer satisfaction on cosmetic medical service quality and suggests improvement priorities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1621-1628
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• 2012

The agar-degrading bacterium GNUM-1 was isolated from the brown algal species Sargassum serratifolium, which was obtained from the West Sea of Korea, by using the selective artificial seawater agar plate. The cells were Gram-negative, $0.5-0.6{\mu}m$ wide and $2.0-2.5{\mu}m$ long curved rods with a single polar flagellum, forming nonpigmented, circular, smooth colonies. Cells grew at $20^{\circ}C-37^{\circ}C$, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and at 1-10% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of the GNUM-1 strain was 45.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA sequence of the GNUM-1 was very similar to those of Alteromonas stellipolaris LMG 21861 (99.86% sequence homology) and Alteromonas addita $R10SW13^T$(99.64% sequence homology), which led us to assign it to the genus Alteromonas. It showed positive activities for agarase, amylase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, catalase, and urease. It can utilize citrate, malic acid, and trisodium citrate. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (21.5%, comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}$ 2-OH) and C16:0 (15.04%). On the basis of the variations in many biochemical characteristics, GNUM-1 was considered as unique and thus was named Alteromonas sp. GNUM-1. It produced the highest agarase activity in modified ASW medium containing 0.4% sucrose, but lower activity in rich media despite superior growth, implying that agarase production is tightly regulated and repressed in a rich nutrient condition. The 30 kDa protein with agarase activity was identified by zymography, and this report serves as the very first account of such a protein in the genus Alteromonas.