• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
• /
• pp.1709-1712
• /
• 2008

The trunk is inclined to the loaded side when carrying an object as one of activities of daily living. As the reaction to this behavior the human body may be inclined to his/her trunk to unloaded side. The present study investigated the biomechanical effects of weight variation for sided load carriage during walking upon joint moments and muscle torques, through the tracker agent and joint driving dynamic analysis. To perform the experiment one male was selected as subject for the study. Gait analysis was performed by using a 3D motion analysis system. Thirty nine 14mm reflective markers, according to the plug-in marker set, were attached to the subject. We used BRG.LifeMOD(Biomechanics Research Group, Inc., USA), for skeletal modeling and inverse and joint driving dynamic simulation during one gait cycle. In walking with a sided load carriage, the subject modeled held the carriage with the right hand, which weighed 0, 5, 10, 15kg, 20kg respectively. The result of this simulation showed that knee and hip in the coronal plane were inclined to the loaded side and loaded side had larger moments as the sided load carriage was increased. On the other hand thoracic and lumbar in the coronal plane had larger negative values as the sided loaded carriage was increased. The thoracic and lumbar in the transverse plane also had larger values as the sided load was increased. And the several muscles of loaded side were increased as increasing sided load. It could be concluded that human body is adopted to side loaded circumstances by showing more biologic force. These results could be very useful in analysis for delivery motion of daily life.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.1042-1047
• /
• 2002

Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential for periodontal tissues. Cortex Eucommiae, Eupoly phaga, Semen Cuscutae, Halloysitum Rubrum have been traditionally used as medicines for treatment of bone disease in Korea. The objective of the present study is to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB1) with several natural medicines. hFOB1 added DMEM/F-12 were cultured with dexamethasone as a positive control, and with each natural medicine. ALP activity was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and naphthol AS-Bl staining was performed for morphometry. All of the natural medicines induced a higher ALP activity compared to negative control, especially, Cortex Eucommiae increased an ALP activity in all experimental groups (p<0.05). In naphthol AS-Bl staining, all of the natural medicines of this study increased the stained area compared to negative control. Especially, Cortex Eucommiae and Eupoly phaga showed statistical significance compared to negative control (p<0.05). These results indicate that Cortex Eucommiae, Eupoly phaga, Semen Cuscutae, Halloysitum Rubrum have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblasts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.308-316
• /
• 2021

Objectives : This study aimed to develop a cupping pressure control valve for limiting maximum negative pressure while achieving clinical therapeutic outcomes to minimize side effects induced by excessive negative pressure of air extraction cupping devices. Methods : To determine the clinical necessity and suitability of the cupping pressure control valve, this study was designed to measure the change in pressure with or without the valve using both a manual and an electric suction pump. Results : While the maximum pressure was limited by the pressure control valve, the pressure did not increase above a certain level regardless of the type of manual or electric pump. Conclusions : This study will contribute to the development of a safer and more effective base technology for cupping treatment in oriental medicine.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2017

This study has addressed to evaluate the effects of radius of curvature and skew angle on the negative reaction in a plate girder bridge with LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) supports. As analytical parameters, various radius of curvatures and skew angles were selected and two seismic loads of El-Centro and artificial earthquakes were applied to the bridge in the longitudinal and transverse directions. As results of 3D analysis, the possibility of negative reaction is shown at the part of acute angle and inner side of the curved bridge, and becomes increased when seismic load is applied in the transverse direction. In addition, the occurrence of negative reaction is found to be increased as both radius of curvature and skew angle decrease, which means that curved bridge has higher possibility of negative reaction than straight one. Conclusively, all of earthquake wave, gradient, radius of curvature and skew angle should be considered together to investigate the possibility of negative reaction at the bridge support subject to seismic load.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 1995

Clozapine, on atypical antipsychotic drug, has been estimated to be a major improvement in the treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. We evaluated the clozapine efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenic patients who are refractory to classic neuroleptics. The patients were assigned in a prospective, open, comparative trial for 12 weeks. Following an dose titration, 33 inpatients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-III-R were given a clozapine(N=17, approximate 300-600mg/day) or haloperidol(N=16, approximate 20-30 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The clinical state was assessed before treatment, and 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th week during treatment using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS). Assessment of side effects were mode weekly using Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects and Adverse Events-Somatic Symptoms. Clozapine produces significant improvement than haloperidol on the BPRS and PANSS scores. 77% (13/17) of the clozapine-treated patients were categorized as responders, who showed at least 20% decrease in total BPRS scores, compared with 31% (5/16) of haloperidol-treated patients. Extrapyramidal side effects occurred in only one patient in clozapine group, but nine patients in haloperidol group. Salivation, sleepiness, constipation and hypotension were most frequent adverse effects observed in clozapine group. There was no significant changes in total WBC and neutrophil during clozapine treatment. These findings suggest that clozapine is on effective antipsychotic drug for the Korean treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients, who are nonresponsive to or unable to tolerate classcal antipsychotic drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.361-365
• /
• 2012

Aims: To investigate the relationship between the expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin in advanced breast cancers and chemotherapeutic effects of docetaxel. Methods: Clinical pathological data of 74 patients with advanced breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed after docetaxel chemotherapy. Expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin was assessed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed with reference to therapeutical and adverse effects of docetaxel. Results: The positive expression rate of ${\beta}$-tubulin III was 38.1% (32/84), while that of survivin was 76.2% (64/84). The effective rate (complete response + partial response) was 52.4%. That for patients with the positive expression of ${\beta}$-tubulin III or/and survivin was significantly lower than for those with negative expression (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the non-progression of median diseases, 1-year and 2-year survival rates of between the patients with positive and negative expression (P<0.05). The main side effects were myelosuppression, alimentary canal response and alopecie, no differences being observed between groups. Conclusions: The combined detection of ${\beta}$-tubulin III and survivin is a predictive index for chemotherapy effects of docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2009

In this paper, it is intended to figure out the features and causes of the processes of creation, growth and disappearance of spiral-vortex-flow generated in Francis turbines generally. The spiral-vortex-flow generated in draft tubes of the Francis turbines is estimated to have negative effects on power plant structure and to the people inside the building as well as to lead to a low-frequency-vibration driven by sub-synchronous whirl vibration. Therefore, we intend to investigate how much the low-frequency-vibration has an influence upon the powerhouse structure and practice analyzing the effectiveness on the previously-introduced methods to reduce side-effects of sub-synchronous whirl vibration and finally we intend to show the optimal solutions through this paper.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.941-949
• /
• 2006

Nonlinear behavior analysis was used to verify whether a one-way clutch is effective for reducing the torsional vibration of a paired spur gear system under periodic excitation. The dynamic responses were studied over a wide frequency range by speed sweeping to check the nonlinear behavior using numerical integration. The gear system with a one-way clutch showed typical nonlinear behavior. The oscillating component of the dynamic transmission error was reduced over the entire frequency range compared to a system without a one-way clutch. The one-way clutch also eliminated unsteady continuous jump phenomena over multiple solution bands, and prevented double-side contact, even with very small backlash. Installing a one-way clutch on both sides of the gear system was more effective at mitigating the negative effects of external periodic excitation and various parameter changes than a conventional gear system without a one-way clutch.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.83-102
• /
• 2017

Price control can restore efficiency in some cases, but an uncarefully designed policy fails to restore efficiency, yields side effects, or even exacerbates efficiency losses. This paper shows that the copyright royalty rule, which takes the greater of ad valorem royalties and perunit royalties, tends to fix the prices of final goods at a specific level. Such a rule weakens competition as it prevents prices from decreasing even when market conditions change, having negative effects on social welfare as well as consumer surplus. Counterfactual analyses using estimation results in the Korean online music service industry show that firms could have profitably reduced prices if the ad valorem rule had been applied instead, although they did not have an incentive to do so under the original combination rule.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
• /
• pp.265-268
• /
• 2002

Lactate and ammonia are two major toxic waste products formed during mammalian cell culture. Accumulation of the side products have negative effects of on cell growth and specific production rate. In this study, K-562 cells were used as the host cell of a recombinant protein. Effects of carbon sources were invetigated focused on the cell culture span, the accumulation of lactate and ammonia in culture of recombinant K-562 cells.