• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.237-248
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the extent of income-related inequity in health care utilization and expenditures to compare the extent in 2005 and 2010 in Korea. Methods: We employed the concentration indices and the horizontal inequity index proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer based on one- and two-part models. This study was conducted using data from the 2005 and 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined health care utilization and expenditures for different types of health care providers, including health centers, physician clinics, hospitals, general hospitals, dental care, and licensed traditional medical practitioners. Results: The results show the equitable distribution of overall health care utilization with pro-poor tendencies and modest pro-rich inequity in the amount of medical expenditures in 2010. For the decomposition analysis, non-need variables such as income, education, private insurance, and occupational status have contributed considerably to pro-rich inequality in health care over the period between 2005 and 2010. Conclusions: We found that health care utilization in Korea in 2010 was fairly equitable, but the poor still have some barriers to accessing primary care and continuing to receive medical care.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.459-474
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• 2012

Based on the general policy called "Green Growth", the Korean government planed to establish a biomass town in South Korea in order to recover energy from organic waste and to substitute for fossil fuel at rural region. Technical and financial support for the establishment of biomass town was insufficient so far. There are some policies to support biomass town establishment, however financial support from several Korean ministries seemed not to have been used efficiently. Some policies are planned excessively so that they cannot be realized on time. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the status of biomass utilization technology and policy in Japan from the point of view of an external biomass expert, since biomass utilization technology and policy of Japan take good achievement during the many developed countries. For the analyzing of technology and policy in Japan, literatures concerned biomass management policy and biomass town design were collected by visiting Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and interview of public officials in charge was carried out. There are several implications for the promotion of Korean policy concerned with biomass utilization and biomass town establishment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.136-144
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• 2021

This study focuses on the necessity of MOT methods in companies, especially the utilization level. Based on the analysis structure of the previous study (2012), this study was conducted to compare the results with the previous results. We investigated the settlement level of MOT, the degree of necessity for MOT methods, the degree of actual use, and the Product Realization Process (PRP) for MOT-related researchers in electronic companies (n=184). It was confirmed that the higher the demand for MOT methods in the corporate field, the higher the utilization level (ratio). In particular, the need for and utilization of techniques such as Environmental Analysis, Business Opportunity Analysis, Project Feasibility Review, Roadmap, Risk Management was high. These methods were beneficial along with cost management and quality management techniques. The most challenging part of using MOT methods was the lack of systematic use, the absence of experts, and the difficulty in selecting suitable techniques. The necessity of opening subjects such as Creative Thinking, Communication, Teamwork, and Professional Ethics was high among the PRP subjects. Furthermore, the necessity of opening courses in Cost and Safety Design and Applied Statistics was higher than in the previous study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate influencing factors of using Korean medicine services (KMS) using the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization Survey (KMUS). Methods: Demographic statistics of the survey were summarized and influencing factors of the KMS experience and the intention to visit KMS were analyzed using logistic regression model with complex sample design. Influencing factors were specified based on Andersen's behavioral model of health care utilization and factors associated with individual recognitions of KMS. Additionally, using the ordinary logistic regression model without complex sample design, the survey data were analyzed to compare the results. Results: In the logistic regression analysis, sex, age, health condition, presence of chronic disease, a degree of knowledge about Korean Medicine, and a view about herbal medicine safety were statistically significant both in the KMS experience, and the intention to visit KMS. Marital status was statistically significant in the KMS experience, while family income, a view about the cost of KMS were statistically significant in the intention to visit KMS. Conclusion: Individual recognitions of KMS and enabling components should be considered when establishing KMS policies. In addition, future studies analyzing KMUS need to take into account the complex sample design features of the survey to avoid statistically misleading results.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

In Japan, apartment housing occupies a great proportion of residence due to high population density like Korea. Although Korea and Japan are similar in big proportions of apartment housing, and apartment housing management systems and utilization behaviors, there are considerable differences. This paper examined Japanese public facilities and the status of public facility management and utilization, which differ from those in Korea. In order to analyze the status of public facilities from a perspective of management companies, a preliminary survey was conducted targeting apartment management companies in the top 100 and a field study on public facilities was conducted targeting chief directors and managers of individual housing facilities to look into public facility utilization methods, problems with public facility management, demands of residents, and utilization situations. Also, the present state of facility utilization and utilization promotion plans were investigated, based on the drawings of facilities collected. As the result, results were found in three respects; 'elements, related to building plans', 'elements, related to utilization promotion', and 'elements, related to facility remodeling, including changes of uses'. In relation to the use of public facilities in the future, a more active communication between managers and users would be needed for planning. Also, there would be a need to provide public facilities for visitors when there are events for both occupants and visitors in order to promote the use of facilities and management companies would have to share information of excellent facility models.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

The altitude criteria of 'Management of Mountains District Act' and 'National Land Planning and Utilization Act' are different because the adaptive reuse permissions on mountains district by two acts have been operated individually and each criteria has some problems for application. This study aims to suggest proposals for improvements of altitude criteria by two acts. The altitude criteria of the duel legal systems were researched by literature review and inherent issues were derived by interview with public officers and GIS tools applied to cases. The results are as follows : First, duel criteria systems need to be integrated based on the format by 'Management of Mountains District Act'. Second, the criteria index(50/100) by 'Management of Mountains District Act' need to be adjusted due to the preserved area ratio in mountains district and the each definition of 'the peak point of the mountain' and 'the tail of the mountain' can be changed as 'the highest point within the same slope(including ridge)' and as 'the average of the highest and the lowest point on boundary between the mountain district and the other land use district'. Third, the method of slope division may be determined by the conditions of local areas and the discrepancy between the two slopes in common boundaries must be adjusted. Finally, the maps containing preservation areas and development areas need to be notified.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.231-253
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is two fold. First, we will explore the meaning, spread effect and consideration factors of manufacturing innovation in terms of theoretical perspective. Second, we will verify the status of high performance computing (HPC) utilization policy, and analyze the situation of US and Korea. Manufacturing innovation policy in each country has the objective in common which aims epoch-making enhancing of productivity. Nevertheless it can be characterized as innovation oriented policy rather than simple trial of productivity improvement. For long term growth and employment, the need for reindustrialization instead of deindustrialization should be recognized. Employment may be decreased temporarily and partially due to manufacturing innovation. However net effect of employment increasing will be bigger because of indirect employment. HPC utilization policy has the importance as a separate movement other than as a subset of manufacturing innovation. US government is trying to eliminate the bottleneck elements in adoption of HPC based M&S activity, and to promote the way of problem solving through the mechanism of public-private partnership, in spite of low level of HPC based M&S. In Korea, ecosystem related with the activity of HPC based M&S is needed, and expansion of M&S utilization in manufacturing companies and fostering of M&S supporting institutions will be important for this task.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2009

CANopen which is one of the in-vehicle network (IVN) protocols is adopted to solve the hardware dependency problem of the CAN-based application. CANopen makes different CAN devices interoperable each others. By the advantage of the device profiling concept, it can make the period of developing CAN-based application system shorten. The utilization of CANopen network must be reduced to improve the communication performance (e.g. worst-case response time). For reducing network utilization, messages need to be packed as many as possible so that message frame overhead can be decreased. In this paper, we suggested a PDO packing mechanism using object dictionary (OD) and process data object (PDO) communication service in CANopen. Through experiments, the performance of the mechanism is evaluated with SAE benchmark. As a result, network utilization is decreased about 10% compared to the result of the previous works.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2014

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an emergency ambulance system and to investigate socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with emergency ambulance service. Methods: Based on 2011 Korea health panel, unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service were measured by Gibson in 1977. Furthermore, the factors associated with unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service were identified by Fisher's exact tests and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Unmet need, defined as the proportion of emergency patients who clinically need ambulance transportation but do not receive it, was found to be 59.8%. Inappropriate use, defined as the proportion of emergency patient receiving ambulance care who did not clinically need it, was found to be 37.2%. There were statistically significant differences between appropriate and inappropriate groups in overall variables of socio-economic and clinical characteristics. Specifically, gender, age, relationship to household, and reasons of visiting emergency department (accident/disease) were statistically significant factors associated with appropriate use of emergency ambulance service. Conclusion: Unmet ambulance need is a useful measure for patients needs assessment, and inappropriate ambulance use is a valid criteria in judging the efficiency of emergency ambulance system. To improve and understand emergency ambulance system, unmet need and inappropriate use of emergency ambulance service should be more concerned.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of predisposing, enabling, need factors and oral health care factors to the dental utilization in 4,521 senior citizens based on the 5th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. As for the relationship of predisposing, enabling and need factors to the necessity of denture, higher academic credential and higher income level that were respectively one of predisposing and need factors led to a higher necessity of denture, and the relationship of these factors was statistically significant. As to influential factors for their dental utilization in Model 1, there were significant differences according to gender, marital status and whether to subscribe to private health insurance or not. In Model 2, the need factors of Model 1 were adjusted. As a result, the respondents who didn't receive any unsatisfactory dental treatment made 1.35-fold more dental utilization, and the respondents who complained about mastication difficulty made 1.34-fold more dental utilization. There were significant differences according to gender, age, marital status, academic credential, whether to subscribe to private health insurance, unsatisfactory dental treatment experience and mastication difficulty. Age, unsatisfactory dental treatment experience and whether to complain about mastication difficulty or not made statistically significant differences to the dental utilization in Model 3 that involved oral health status. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the predisposing factors, the enabling factors and the need factors exerted an influence on the elderly dental utilization. As there are a variety of factors to affect elderly dental utilization, its required to make an effort to boost the accessibility of the elderly to dental service in order to improve their oral health of the elderly.