• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The antioxidant ebselen will be able to limit or prevent the ototoxicity arising from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease is a disorder of lysosomal storage manifested in sphingolipidosis. Recently, it was noted that experimental use of HPβCD could partially resolve the symptoms in both animals and human patients. Despite its desirable effect, HPβCD can induce hearing loss, which is the only major side effect noted to date. Understanding of the pathophysiology of hearing impairment after administration of HPβCD and further development of preventive methods are essential to reduce the ototoxic side effect. The mechanisms of HPβCD-induced ototoxicity remain unknown, but the resulting pathology bears some resemblance to other ototoxic agents, which involves oxidative stress pathways. To indirectly determine the involvement of oxidative stress in HPβCD-induced ototoxicity, we tested the efficacy of an antioxidant reagent, ebselen, on the extent of inner ear side effects caused by HPβCD. Materials and Methods: Ebselen was applied prior to administration of HPβCD in mice. Auditory brainstem response thresholds and otopathology were assessed one week later. Bilateral effects of the drug treatments also were examined. Results: HPβCD-alone resulted in bilateral, severe, and selective loss of outer hair cells from base to apex with an abrupt transition between lesions and intact areas. Ebselen co-treatment did not ameliorate HPβCD-induced hearing loss or alter the resulting histopathology. Conclusions: The results indirectly suggest that cochlear damage by HPβCD is unrelated to reactive oxygen species formation. However, further research into the mechanism(s) of HPβCD otopathology is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.245-247
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• 2011

There were only a few reports of mercury on pulmonary artery. However, there is no data on surgery related mercury dissemination. The objective of the present article is to describe one case of postoperative injected mercury dissemination. A 19-year-old man presented severe neck pain including meningeal irritation sign and abdominal pain after injection of mercury for the purpose of suicide. Radiologic study showed injected mercury in the neck involving high cervical epidural space and subcutaneous layer of abdomen. Partial hemilaminectomy and open mercury evacuation of spinal canal was performed. For the removal of abdominal subcutaneous mercury, C-arm guided needle aspiration was done. After surgery, radiologic study showed disseminated mercury in the lung, heart, skull base and low spinal canal. Neck pain and abdominal pain were improved after surgery. During 1 month after surgery, there was no symptom of mercury intoxication except increased mercury concentration of urine, blood and hair. We assumed the bone work during surgery might have caused mercury dissemination. Therefore, we recommend minimal invasive surgical technique for removal of injected mercury. If open exposures are needed, cautious surgical technique to prohibit mercury dissemination is necessary and normal barrier should be protected to prevent the migration of mercury.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.206-241
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• 1985

Attempts to search infection period, infection speed in the tissue of neck blast of rice plant, location of inoculum source and effects of several conditions about the leaf sheath of rice plants for neck blast incidence have been made. 1. The most infectious period for neck blast incidence was the booting stage just before heading date, and most of necks have been infected during the booting stage and on heading date. But $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties had shown always high possibility for infection after booting stage. 2. Incubation period for neck blast of rice plants under natural conditions had rather a long period ranging from 10 to 22 days. Under artificial inoculation condition incubation period in the young panicle was shorter than in the old panicle. Panicles that emerged from the sheath of flag leaf had long incubation period, with a low infection rate and they also shown slow infection speed in the tissue. 3. Considering the incubation period of neck blast of rice plant, we assumed that the most effective application periods of chemicals are 5-10 days for immediate effective chemicals and 10-15 days for slow effective chemicals before heading. 4. Infiltration of conidia into the leaf sheath of rice plant carried out by saturation effect with water through the suture of the upper three leaves. The number of conidia observed in the leaf sheath during the booting stage were higher than those in the leaf sheath during other stages. Ligule had protected to infiltrate of conidia into the leaf sheath. 5. When conidia were infiltrated into the leaf sheath, the highest number of attached conidia was observed on the panicle base and panicle axis with hairs and degenerated panicle, which seemed to promote the infection of neck blast. 6. The lowest spore concentration for neck blast incidence was variable with rice varietal groups. $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties were infected easily compared to the Japonica type varieties, especially. The number of spores for neck blast incidence in $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties was less than 100 and disease index was higher also in $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid than in Japonica type varieties. 7. Nitrogen content and silicate content were related with blast incidence in necks of rice plants in the different growing stage changed during growing period. Nitrogen content increased from booting stage to heading date and then decreased gradually as time passes. Silicate content increased from booting stage after heading with time. Change of these content promoted to increase neck blast infection. 8. Conidia moved to rice plant by ascending and desending dispersal and then attached on the rice plant. Conidia transfered horizontally was found very negligible. So we presumed that infection rate of neck blast was very low after emergence of panicle base from the leaf sheath. Also ascending air current by temperature difference between upper and lower side of rice plant seemed to increase the liberation of spores. 9. Conidial number of the blast fungus collected just before and after heading date was closely related with neck blast incidence. Lesions on three leaves from the top were closely related with neck blast incidence, because they had high potential for conidia formation of rice blast fungus and they were direct inoculum sources for neck blast. 10. The condition inside the leaf sheath was very favorable for the incidence of neck blast and the neck blast incidence in the leaf sheath increased as the level of fertilizer applied increased. Therefore, the infection rate of neck blast on the all panicle parts such as panicle base, panicle branches, spikelets, nodes, and internodes inside the leaf sheath didn't show differences due to varietal resistance or fertilizers applied. 11. Except for others among dominant species of fungi in the leaf sheath, only Gerlachia oryzae appeared to promote incidence of neck blast. It was assumed that days for heading of varieties were related with neck blast incidence.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1989

There is a difficulty in complete removal of tumor developing at the parapharyngeal space or infratemporal space where they are just under the skull base. We have experienced 3 cases of malignant tumors and 5 cases of benign tumors arising from the parapharyngeal spaces and/or infratemporal space since 1976. We hereby present 8 cases of primary tumors arising in these spaces with a review of anatomical relationship between above spaces, the characteristic symptoms, diagnostic technics, and surgical approaches which should be considered in their management.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2013

Base on insurance vehicle collision and bodily injury claim reports, 23,655 cases of vehicle to vehicle accidents occurred in Korea 2010 are investigated in order to understand vehicle damage severities, repair costs and occupant injury types. The results of our statistical analysis reveal that minor damages with small dent or scratches on vehicle body panels which is assumed to imply during very low speed crashes are major portion of accident severities types. The most vulnerable body regions due to the real-world accident are neck. The 86.3% of total injured driver in minor rear damaged vehicles has reported neck pains and they are followed by whole bodies and head but with much lower occurrence rates.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.509-517
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• 2008

DNA damage accumulates in cells as a result of exposure to exogenous agents such as benzopyrene, cigarette smoke, ultraviolet light, X-ray, and endogenous chemicals including reactive oxygen species produced from normal metabolic byproducts. DNA damage can also occur during aberrant DNA processing reactions such as DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The major of DNA damage affects the primary structure of the double helix; that is, the bases are chemically modified. These modification can disrupt the molecules'regular helical structure by introducing non-native chemical bonds or bulky adducts that do not fit in the standard double helix. DNA repair genes and proteins scan the global genome to detect and remove DNA damage and damage to single nucleotides. Direct reversal of DNA damage, base excision repair, double strand break. DNA repair are known relevant DNA repair mechanisms. Four different mechanisms are distinguished within excision repair: direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair. Genetic variation in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capacity and alter cancer risk. The instability of a cell to properly regulate its proliferation in the presence of DNA damage increase risk of gene mutation and carcinogenesis. This article aimed to review mechanism of excision repair and to understand the relationship between genetic variation of excision repair genes and head and neck cancer.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

This paper uses a dynamic sled test approach to understand the effects of impact speed on the risk of occupant in KHST. The sled impact tests simulate a predefined accident scenarios. This study shows the effect of relative velocity between occupant and struck vehicle while occupant is impacted to a front seat's seatback. Although, base on the current accident scenarios, KHST is performed well enough to protect average adult male occupants. However, Results from the tests indicate small size occupant or higher impact speed may cause sever neck and femur injuries.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.24-31
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• 1979

The maturation changes in morphology were studied with the spermatozoa collected from the testis and three successive parts of the epididymis in Korean native Cattle. Acrosomal granules were observed in the testis. Avoiding the cap and acrosome phases, the tail base and the striated column of the neck were formed in spermatides. The volume of the acrosome was decreased during transit from the testis to the epididymis. The cell membranes were also separated from the acrosome or damage during the spermatozoan passage through successive parts of the reproductive tract. Cytoplasmic droplets were observed in the spermatozoa collected from various parts of the reproductive tract.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

A 37 year-old male presented with sudden right proptosis and bilateral nasal obstruction. A huge tumor was noted in bilateral nasal cavities, ethmoid sinuses and central frontal sinus on magnetic resonance imaging. Right posterior frontal sinus wall and bilateral medial orbital wall was destructed by the tumor. Complete resection of the tumor was performed via minimal invasive craniofacial resection. Histopaghologic examination revealed sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was developed after 2 days of the surgery. On the 5th day, anterior skull base was reconstructed with forearm free flap (FFF). The patient got 6000cGy of radiotherapy and survived in 27 months of follow up.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2008

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive and fast-growing malignant tumor. RMS predominantly arises in the head and neck of infancy and children. Metastasis is usually via the blood vessel. We report a case of a recurred RMS of the tongue base with the metastasis to multiple lymph nodes in a 37-year-old female. On the follow-up examination using advanced imaging modalities after surgical treatment of RMS, the lymph nodes should be carefully evaluated like in other malignancies, such as a carcinoma, showing frequent lymph node metastasis. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2008; 38 : 225-8)