• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to evaluate local control, survival, prognostic factors, and failure patterns in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. Materials and Methods: From April 1984 to November 1996,41 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring were treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age was ranged from 19 to 73 years old with a median age of 55 years, and there were 26 male and 15 female patients. Primary site was tonsil in 26 and base of the tongue in 7 and nasopharynx in 8, and stage distribution showed stage I in 12 and stage II in 29 patients. Pathologic classification was done according to Working Formulation. There were 1 with follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell, 8 with diffuse small cleaved cell, 7 with diffuse mixed small and large cell, and 25 cases with diffuse large cell. All patients were treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of either CHOP-Bleo(cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin) or COP-BLAM III(cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin, adriamycin, procarbazine). Radiation dose ranged from 3600cGy to 6620cGy with a median dose of 5040cGy. Follow-up time was ranged from 15 months to 159 months(median 55 months). Results: The complete response was achieved in 98%(40/41) and partial response in 2%(1/41). The complete response rate were the followings: 66.7% for stage I and 51.7% for stage II after chemotherapy, 100% for stage I and 96.6% for stage II after overall treatment respectively. The overall survival rate and disease-tree survival rates at 5 years were 82.6% and 79.5%, respectively. Prognostic factors for overall survival were age(p=0.007), stage(p=0.03), nodal status(p=0.006) and radiation dose(p=0.003). The factors associated with disease-tree survival were stage(p=0.04), nodal status(p=0.004) and radiation dose(p=0.009). The failure patterns were analized in evaluable 35 patients with complete response. Locoregional failure was noted in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 5 patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combined modality therapy is the appropriate treatment for stage I-II intermediate grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring. However, our material is small and the analysis is retrospective. Randomized prospective studies for combined therapy, radiation therapy alone and chemotherapy alone are needed.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

찰갑은 매납 이후 부식으로 약화되고 토압에 의해 각 소찰들이 흐트러진 상태로 출토된다. 따라서 출토 즉시 현장 보존처리를 통해 출토 당시의 모습 그대로 실내로 옮겨져야 하며, 실내 보존처리에서는 단단한 지지층으로 보강하여 바닥에 놓여 진 후에도 안정적으로 유지될 수 있도록 조치해야 한다. 이 과정에서 보존처리 후 실견이 불가능한 바닥면에 대해서는 실측과 사진촬영 등을 통해 자료를 남기게 되는데, 이와 같은 자료만으로 유물을 정확히 이해하는데 한계가 있기 마련이다. 이를 보완하기 위한 방법으로 '김해 진영 2지구' 출토 찰갑의 보존처리에서는 바닥면에 대한 자료화 방법으로 실측, 사진촬영 이외에 복제를 통해 실견자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 또한 경갑은 토압에 의해 좌우로 찌그러져 정확한 형태를 파악하기 어려운 상태였는데, 개별 지판을 복제한 후 하나로 합쳐 매장 당시의 원형대로 복원하여 실물자료를 확보하였다. 찰갑의 보존처리에서 새로이 복제 기법을 적용하여 육안으로는 관찰이 어려웠던 바닥면과 경갑에 대한 실물자료를 확보하게 됨으로써, 유물에 대한 이해도를 높이고 갑옷의 구조를 보다 효과적으로 확인할 수 있게 되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.982-996
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• 2010

This study classified the body shapes of Korean obese women and investigated the differences of each body shape, using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen through previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects and 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used in this study. Firstly, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values of each measurement and item were obtained from the descriptive analysis of 53 measurements. According to the descriptive analysis, all measurements and obesity judgment indices of the subjects demonstrated a serious obesity level shown by BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, WHR 0.90, and waist circumference 86.71cm. In addition, the measurements and indices showed considerable differences between minimum and maximum values. Significant differences were identified in all measurements and items at a significant level, p=.001. Each distribution of body types according to age, stature, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study. Secondly, factor analyses were conducted using 38 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women. Factor 1 was "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 was "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 was "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences" and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front width in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance. Finally, 5 body types were selected in the cluster analysis. Type 1 (with big back widths & arm circumferences) was 15.5% of the entire subjects, Type 2 (the shortest and fattest, with big upper body) was 18.8%, Type 3 (with big breast) was 27.8%, Type 4 (the tallest and longest in arm lengths, with the smallest arm circumferences and lengths in torso) was 22.5%, and Type 5 (with big hips compared to waist circumferences, smaller height and upper body) was 15.5%. Fundamental differences were identified in all measurements and items at the significant level of p=.001. In addition, each distribution of body type according to age, height, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: Surgical ablation of tumors in the oral cavity and the oropharynx results in a three dimensional defect because of the needs to resect the adjacent area for the surgical margin. Although a variety of techniques are available, radial forearm free flap has been known as an effective method for this defect, which offers a thin, pliable, and relatively hairless skin and a long vascular pedicle. We report the clinical results of our 54 consecutive radial forearm free flaps used for oral cavity and oropharynx cancers. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who were offered intraoral reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap after ablative surgery for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers from August 1994 to February 2003 and analyzed surgical methods, flap survival rate, complication, and functional results. Among these, 20 cases were examined with modified barium swallow to evaluate postoperative swallowing function and other 8 cases with articulation and resonance test for speech. We examined recovery of sensation with two-point discrimination test in 15 cases who were offered sensate flaps. Results: The primary sites were as follows : mobile tongue (18), tonsil (17), floor of mouth (4), base of tongue (2), soft palate (2), retromolar trigone (3), buccal mucosa (1), oro-hypopharynx (6), and lower lip (1). The paddles of flaps were tailored in multilobed designs from oval shape to tetralobed design and in variable size according to the defects after ablation. This procedures resulted in satisfactory flap success rate (96.3%) and showed good swallowing function and social speech. Eight of 15 cases (53.3%) who had offered sensate flap showed recovery of sensation between 1 and 6 postoperative months (average 2.6 month). Conclusion: The reconstruction with radial forearm free flap might be an excellent method for the maximal functional results after ablative surgery of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers that results in multidimensional defect.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2017

북제시기 유도 중에는 흰색 혹은 옅은 황색 유약 바탕에 녹색, 갈색, 황색 등으로 채색한 것이 있는데, 이는 "채회유도(彩繪釉陶)"로 통칭된다. 1971년 하남성(河南省) 안양시(安陽市) 홍하둔촌(洪河屯村)에 소재한 범수묘(範粹墓)에서 백유녹채삼계관(白釉綠彩三系罐)과 백유녹채장경병(白釉綠彩長頸甁)이 출토되었으나, 연구자들의 주목을 받지 못한 채 공반 출토된 백유기(白釉器)만이 중국에서 기년 자료가 확실한 가장 이른 백자의 증거로 제시되어 끊임없는 논쟁이 이루어졌다. 필자는 이 채회유도에 주목하여, 지금까지 무덤과 가마터에서 발견된 자료들을 정리하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 장식특징과 제작 기술을 파악하였다. 또한 이들이 부장된 무덤의 연대를 통한 출현 상한시점 및 피장자의 신분을 특정하여 채회유도의 사회적 가치를 알아보았다. 북제시기 채회유도는 이전 시기와 구별되는 제작특징이 확인되었는데, 구체적으로는 자토(瓷土)를 이용한 태토, 2차 소성, 유상회채(釉上繪彩) 기법이 새로 채용되었다. 이러한 특징은 이미 북위(北魏) 시기 유도에서 일부 나타난 변화로, 이것이 북제까지 이어져 백유 채회유도의 출현으로 나타났다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 채회유도의 기형은 동시기 남방지역 자기 기형과 북위시기 이래 생산된 채회의 속성이 결합되어 형성되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2012

This study establishes the initial data to develop a well-fitted underwear pattern by categorizing and analyzing torso types based on body measurements of women in their 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, the statistical assessment on the body measurements showed meaningful differences among age groups in twenty seven items (except for bust breadth, hip width armscye depth, hip depth, neck base circumference, armscye circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference, bishoulder length, shoulder length, front interscye, back interscye, weight and inclined angle of left shoulder). Women in their early 50s and late 60s (respectively) showed the highest values in height and depth. Second, there are five body factors according to the results of the factor analysis: Factor 1 (circumference, width, and depth of upper body measurements) - the degree of body depth and obesity, Factor 2 (height and vertical length) - The vertical torso length, Factor 3 - the size of shoulder, Factor 4 - the vertical upper body length, and Factor 5 - the size of shoulder angle. Third, the results of the cluster analysis showed that there are four distinctive body types. The largest number of the study subjects was related to Type 3 (30.69%), followed by Type 2 (26.78%), Type 1 (25.84%), and Type 4 (16.69%), respectively. For distribution of age groups by body type, Type 3 was the most common among the 60s group while Type 2 appeared most frequently among the 50s.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2013

본 논문은 위성방송 전송 규격인 DVB-S2의 기반 채널 부호로 사용되는 LDPC를 고속 복호를 위해 HSS(Horizontal Shuffle Scheduling) 방식을 기반으로 고속 복호기 구조를 연구하였다. 첫째로 HSS방식에서 발생하는 메모리 충돌을 극복하는 방식을 제시한다. 둘째로 고속 복호를 위해 LUT(Look Up Table)을 이용하는 Sum-Product 알로리즘 대신 min값에서 scaling factor를 곱하는 Normalized Min-Sum 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 성능 향상을 위해 check node에서 bit node로 입력되는 값의 부호를 확인하여 신뢰성 없는 값을 삭제하는 Self-Correct 방식을 제시하여 sum-product 방식에서 발생하는 bottle neck 현상을 하였다. 마지막으로 고속화를 위한 효율적인 메모리 구조를 제안한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2013

Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of ipsilateral radiotherapy for the patient with well lateralized tonsil cancer: not cross midline and <1 cm of tumor invasion into the soft palate or base of tongue. Materials and Methods: From 2003 to 2011, twenty patients with well lateralized tonsil cancer underwent ipsilateral radiotherapy. Nineteen patients had T1-T2 tumors, and one patient had T3 tumor; twelve patients had N0-N2a disease and eight patients had N2b disease. Primary surgery followed by radiotherapy was performed in fourteen patients: four of these patients received chemotherapy. Four patients underwent induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The remaining two patients received induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and definitive CCRT, respectively. No patient underwent radiotherapy alone. We analyzed the pattern of failure and complications. Results: The median follow-up time was 64 months (range, 11 to 106 months) for surviving patients. One patient had local failure at tumor bed. There was no regional failure in contralateral neck, even in N2b disease. At five-year, local progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and progression-free survival rates were 95%, 100%, and 95%, respectively. One patient with treatment failure died, and the five-year overall survival rate was 95%. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 2 xerostomia was found in one patient at least 6 months after the completion of radiotherapy. Conclusion: Ipsilateral radiotherapy is a reasonable treatment option for well lateralized tonsil cancer. Low rate of chronic xerostomia can be expected by sparing contralateral major salivary glands.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2014

This study examined carcass and meat quality parameters in growing/finishing pigs fed unconventionally versus the concentrate-based system. Ninety-six, 12 wk old pigs ($34{\pm}SD0.3kg$) were randomly divided into three groups, assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: standard complete concentrate mixture, conventional (C diet); unconventional, steamed potato-green forage-concentrate based diet (U diet), and unconventional basal diet+herbage mix (UH diet). Pigs fed U diet showed lower dressing percentage, meatiness, loin eye area, and weight of pork neck ($p{\leq}0.05$), but their carcasses were significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) longer and had increased backfat depth ($p{\leq}0.05$). There was no impact of the diet on the meat content of dry matter, crude ash, acidity, and colour parameters of m. longissimus. Unconventional feeding significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) elevated water the holding capacity of m. longissimus and slightly improved the sensory attributes analysis of meat. The addition of herbs resulted in increased loin eye area ($p{\leq}0.05$), decreased fat content ($p{\leq}0.05$) in m. longissimus, and tended to improve some sensory attributes of meat. There were significant gender differences in response to all diets. There were significant diet${\times}$sex interactions for some measured variables, but there were no clearly identifiable trends with regard to any specific carcass or meat parameters. Feeding unconventional diet to pigs may offer better culinary attributes of the meat, and improve some technologically important characteristics of pig carcass, but may negatively affect some carcass or meat parameters.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2004

2003년 4월부터 11월에 수집한 감자와 단호박 시료에 발생하는 진균을 조사한 결과, 지금까지 우리나라에서 발생기록이 없었던 Verticillium tenerum이 검출되었다. 이 균은 강원 평창과 전북 김제지역에서 수집한 감자괴경 시료와 연천지역에서 수집한 단호박 과실 및 종자 시료에서 검출되었다. V. tenerum의 분생포자경은 주로 $3{\sim}5$개의 피알라이드를 윤생으로 형성하였다. 피알라이드는 플라스크형으로 가늘었으며 무색이었고, 크기는 $10{\sim}26{\times}2{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$이었다. 분생포자는 난형 또는 장타원형으로 크기는 $2.5{\sim}7.5{\times}2{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$였고 slimy head를 형성하고 연한 적갈색을 띠었다. 그리고 감자와 호박 시료 위에 적갈색을 띠는 독특한 균총을 형성하였다.