• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 1999

1.06$\mu\textrm{m}$ Nd:YAG 펌프레이저의 반복률 5 Hz 이하에서 라만매질 $CH_4$ 의 압력변화에 따른 전방, 후방 1.54 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 유도라만 산란광 및 후방 1.06 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 유도 Brillouin 산란광의 출력특성을 분석하였다. 전방보다 후방 유도라만 산란광이 더 효율적이고, 후방 유도 Brillouin 산란광보다 전방과 후방 유도라만 산란광의 변환효율이 높게 나타났다. 이는 유도라만 산란광의 생성조건이 정상상태이나 Brillouin 산란광은 transient 상태이기 때문이다. 매질 $CH_4$가 순환되지 않을 때, 반복률 5 Hz에서 후방 유도라만 산란광과 Brillouin 산란광의 출력에너지는 라만매질의 열발생으로 모두 약47% 감소하였다. 그러나, 후방에 의한 펌프광의 소모가 감소하여 전방 유도라만 산란광은 오히려 8.5% 증가하였다. 이는 반복률에 따른 열발생이 후방 산란광 생성영역에서 강하게 발생함을 의미한다. 또, 메니스커스형 이색성 집속렌즈를 사용하여 인가에너지 40 mJ에서 유도라만 산란광은 37% 이상의 변환효율을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2001

Percutaneous laser discectomy has potential advantages over conservative therapy and classical open surgery as a minimally invasive procedure, although clinical experiences are limited. We experienced a patient treated with herniated lumbar discs using Nd：YAG laser. A 55-year-old woman complained of severe back pain with sciatica on L4/5 and L5/S1 dermatome for several months. The MRI finding showed bulging discs at L4/5 and L5/S1. Epidural, transsacral and root block treatments were attempted without effect. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a 14 G biopsy needle was inserted into the L4/5 and L5/S1 disc spaces to the margin of the nucleus pulposus. Laser irradiation for vaporization of tissue was performed at 20 W/second to 1200 J. A laser fiber ($600{\mu}m$) was advanced 1 cm from the tip of the needle. At the end of the procedure, the patient began to feel relief of pain (VAS changed from 9 to 4) and was discharged the same day after staying 2 hours in the recovery room. Antibiotics were administered for prevention of discitis. She had no complaints of pain until the 1-month follow up visit. Percutaneous laser discetomy technique has the disadvantages of expensive equipment, high temperature and amount of vaporing disc tissue is empirical. However, this technique, as one of the therapeutic modalities for disc herniation, provides faster relief from acute attack than conservative management techniques in carefully selected patients with sciatica due to disc prolapse.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.803-810
• /
• 2001

새로운 개념의 초분지형 비선형 광학 고분자 (PE-Azo/Hyper)를 AB$_2$형의 기능기를 가지는 단량체 4-[N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-formyl]azobenzene (CHO-DOH)으로부터 Knoevenagel 축중합 반응을 통하여 합성하였다. 겔크로마토그래피상에서 폴리스티렌을 기준시료로 측정된 중합체의 무게평균분자량은 M$_{w}$ =61,800 (M$_{W}$ /M$_{n}$=1.86)이었고 중합체의 용해도를 조사한 결과 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide 등의 반양자성극성 유기용매에 잘 녹았으며 따라서 이들 용매를 이용하여 양질의 박막성형이 가능하였다. 또한 열시차 분석법으로 중합체 PE-Azo/Hvper의 열적 성질을 조사한 결과 녹는점이 관찰되지 않아 무정형으로 판명되었으며 유리 전이 온도는 $121^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 폴링에 의하여 극성 배향된 중합체 박막의 2차 비선형 계수를 Nd : YAG 레이저 (1064 nm)를 이용하여 Maker fringe 방법으로 측정한 결과 $d_{33}$= 25.4 pm/V로 비교적 높은 값을 나타내어 초분지형 고분자에서도 극성배향이 이루어져 비선형성이 발현됨을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2014

Laser Surface Texturing(LST) is a surface engineering process used to improve tribological characteristics of materials by creating patterned microstructures on the mechanical contact surface. In LST technology, a pulsated laser beam is used to create arranged dimples on a surface by a material ablation process, which can improve such as load capacity, wear resistances, lubrication lifetime, and reduce friction coefficients. In the present study, the effect of multi-scale LST on lubricant regime was investigated. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was applied on the bearing steel(AISI 52100) to create arranged dimples. To optimize the surface texturing effect on friction, multi-scale texture dimples with some specific formula arrays were fabricated by combining circles, ellipses and the laser ablation process. The tribological testing of multi-scale textured surface was performed by a flat-on-flat unidirectional tribometer under lubrication and the results compared with that of the non-textured surface. Through an increase in sliding speed, the beneficial effect of multi-scale LST performance was achieved. The multi-scale textured surface had lower friction coefficient performances than the non-textured surface due to the hydrodynamic lubrication effect.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
• /
• pp.79-79
• /
• 2008

We report the growth of $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}TiO_3$(BST) thin films and their substrate-dependent electrical characteristics. BST thin films were deposited on alumina(non-single crystal), $Al_2O_3$(100) substrates by Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser Deposition(PLD) with a 355nm wavelength at substrate temperature of $700^{\circ}C$ and post-deposition annealing at $750^{\circ}C$ in flowing $O_2$ atmosphere for 1hours. BST materials had been chosen due to high dielectric permittivity and tunability for high frequency applications, To analyze the oxygen partial pressure effects, deposited films at 1, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 mTorr. The effects of oxygen pressure on structural properties of the deposited films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and atomic force microscope(AFM), respectively. Then we manufactured a inter-digital capacitor(IDC) patterns twenty fingers and $10{\mu}m$ gap, $700{\mu}m$ length and electrical properties were characterized. The results provide a basis for understanding the growth mechanisms and basic structural and electrical properties of BST thin films as required for tunable microwave devices applications such as varactors and tunable filters.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.704-708
• /
• 1999

저자들은 대량객혈을 주소로 입원한 32세 여자 환자에서 기관하부에 종괴를 발견하고, 종괴자체로 인한 호흡곤란이나 기도폐쇄 소견없이 단지 재발하는 객혈이 문제되어 기관내로 내시경적 처치가 가능하고 광선 응고효과가 뛰어난 Nd:YAG 레이저를 사용하여 치유한 기관 혈관종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2008

APU 가스터빈에 적용되는 연료노즐의 분무특성을 확인하였다. 분무시험은 항공기의 비행조건에 따라 4개의 작동조건에 대하여 수행하였으며 각 분무조건은 지상에서의 무부하 및 통합부하 조건과 고도 20,000 feet에서의 무부하 및 통합부하에 대해서 실험을 수행하였다. 분무특성은 레이저 빔을 이용한 가시화와 PDPA 시스템을 이용하여 SMD 및 속도측정을 수행하였으며 노즐출구에서 $20{\sim}100\;mm$지점에서 측정하였다. 연구결과 20,000 feet 무부하 조건의 경우 $90{\sim}95\;{\mu}m$ 정도의 SMD를 나타내었고 지상무부하의 경우 약 $60{\sim}75\;{\mu}m$로 측정되었으며 20,000 feet 통합부하의 경우 약 $55{\sim}65\;{\mu}m$ 지상 통합부하의 경우 $30{\sim}70\;{\mu}m$의 값을 나타내었다. 20,000 feet 무부하의 경우 화염 불안정이 발생할 가능성이 있으므로 연료분무입자의 크기를 감소하는 다양한 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.357-357
• /
• 2012

박막트랜지스터의 전극으로 Au, Ag, Mo, ITO와 같은 물질들이 이미 많이 연구되어 왔으며, 투명 Source/Drain 전극을 활용한 물질로는 ITO에 초점이 맞춰져 왔다. 하지만 ITO의 높은 가격과 Indium의 인체 유해한 독성 때문에 ITO를 대체하는 물질에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중 Al이 도핑된 ZnO (AZO) 는 가시광 영역에서 85% 이상의 높은 투과율과 높은 전도성, 낮은 비저항으로 다양한 광전소자의 전극과 윈도우 물질로 많은 응용 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 본 실험에서는 고 품질의 박막성장이 가능하고, 박막의 두께를 세밀하게 조절할 수 있는 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 을 이용하여 온도변화에 따라 AZO 박막을 성장시키고 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 온도변화가 AZO 박막 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 Source/Drain 전극으로 사용하기 위한 조건을 최적화하였고, 실제 투명박막트랜지스터 제작을 통해 소자의 I-V Curve 와 Transfer 특성을 확인하고, Transfer Length Method 방법을 이용하여 투명박막트랜지스터의 접촉저항, 채널 비저항 등을 확인해 보았다. 소결된 타겟으로는 99.99%의 순도를 갖는 ZnO-$Al_2O_3$ (98:2 wt%) 타겟을 이용하였으며, 장비조건으로는 355 nm의 파장대역을 갖는 Nd:YAG 레이저를 사용하였고, 실험변수로는 온도범위 RT, $200^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$에서 실험을 진행하였다. AZO 박막의 구조적, 전기적 특성을 분석하기 위해 각각 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Hall measurement 장비를 사용하였으며, 광학적 특성을 분석하기 위한 투과도의 측정은 UV-Visible spectrophotometer 장비를 사용하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 2017

A319 aluminum alloy containing 6.5% Si and 3.5% Cu as major alloying elements has been widely used in machinery parts because of its excellent castability and crack resistance. However it needs more wear resistance to extend its usage to the severe wear environments. It has been known that hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy having more than 12.6% Si contains pro-eutectic Si particles, which give better wear resistance and lubrication characteristics than hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloy like A319 alloy. In this study, it was tried to clad hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy on the surface of A319 alloy. In the experiments, Al-36%Si alloy powder was mixed with organic binder to make a fluidic paste. The paste was screen-printed on the A319 alloy surface, melted by pulsed Nd:YAG laser and alloyed with the A319 base alloy. As experimental parameters, the average laser power was changed to 111 W, 202 W and 280 W. With increasing the average laser power, the melting depth was changed to $142{\mu}m$, $205{\mu}m$ and $245{\mu}m$, and the dilution rate to 67.2 %, 72.4 % and 75.7 %, and the Si content in the cladding layer to 16.2 %, 14.6 % and 13.7 %, respectively. The cross-section of the cladding layer showed very fine eutectic microstructure even though it was hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy. This seems to be due to the rapid solidification of the melted spot by single laser pulse. The average hardness for the three cladding layers was HV175, which was much higher than HV96 of A319 base alloy. From the block-on-roll wear tests, A319 alloy had a wear loss of 5.8 mg, but the three cladding layers had an average wear loss of 3.5 mg, which meant that an increase of 40 % in wear resistance was obtained by laser cladding.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.76-92
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible efficacy of Nd-YAG laser as a dentin conditioner by observing the laser irradiation dentin surface under scanning electron micrograph and measuring shear bond strength of restored light-cured glass ionomer mold. Fifty intact premolars were prepared for shear bond strength tests. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups as follows; Group I. no treatment Group II. 10% poly acrylic acid, 20 sec Group III. laser treatment 2 w, 20 Hz, 2 sec Group IV. laser treatment 2 w, 20 Hz, 5 sec Group V. laser treatment 2 w, 20 Hz, 10 sec Samples of each group were restored with light-cured glass ionomer cement after dentin conditioning and then measuring the shear bond strength of each specimen were measured using universal testing machine. Additional ten premolars were prepared for SEM analysis The result from the this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Shear bond strength of polyacrylic acid-treated group (II) was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05). 2. No statistically significant difference could be found between three laser-treated groups (III, IV, V) in shear bond strength(p>0.05) 3. According to the result of observation under SEM, Polyacrylic acid was shown to have removed the smear layer effectively and opened the dentinal tubules, whereas the laser has produced the irregular surface mainly composed of melted and fused structure. The microcracks found in laser-treated groups increased in number with irradiation time and formed the regular mesh-type in 10 sec-irradiation group. 4. The ultrastructural change of dentin surface created by laser irradiation was found to the improper for bonding of the glass ionomer restorative materials. And the lower shear bond strength of laser irradiated group might have been due to the failure to form the suit able dentin surface for the glass ionomer to penetrated into and form the proper micromechanical retention.