• 한국항만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

Rapid change in the technological environment of marine transportation and the development of the ocean shipping industry have fostered a revolution in the port system. This in turn has caused major changes in the function and use of port in Korea. Aside from this, Mokpo Port, however continues to decline, because the existing port facilities and related subsystem are already obsolete with no chance of regaining operational effectiveness and treatment for proper implementation. Although a few studies have been done on the Mokpo Port, has not been found, any reseach for the analytical approach to the transportation system of it. This paper aims to make an extensive analysis of the physical distribution system in Mokpo Port focusing on the coordination of subsystems such as navigational aids system. The base of introduced simulation tool here is the queueing theory. The overall findings are as follows: 1. Among those vessels called at Mokpo Port in 1994, 556 ships(2,736,669 G/T) are oceangoing while 8155 ships(2,587,217 G/T) are domestic. The average size of oceangoing vessels is 4,922,1 G/T, and the domestic is 317,8 G/T. The average arrival interval and service time of the domestic vessels are 6.0 hours and 24.1 hours respectively marking the berth occupation rate over 100%. Those for oceangoing vessels are 34.5 hours, 120.0 hours and 37.2%. In order to maintainin the berth occupation rate to 70% the capacity considering the 1994 of domestic piers must be extended to 145% and oceangoing vessels must be increased to 165%. 2. The capacity of approaching channel is enough to handle the total traffic volume of 3. Tugs are sufficiently being provided to handle all ships requiring their services 4. The capacity of storage and inland transportation systems are sufficient to handle the throughput and the yard stroage utilization rate of No.1 - No.5 is 4.5% and No.6 is 30% of 1993's. 5. The utilization rate of LLC(Level Looping Crane) and PNT(PNeumaTic) are 2.7% and 18.8%, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.114-129
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• 1996

This paper describes the whole development phase for the underwater vehicle actuating system with high hydroload torque disturbance. This includes requirement analysis, system modeling, control algorithm design, real time implementation, test and performance evaluations. As for driving control algorithms, fuzzy logic, variable structure and PD(Proportional-Differential) algorithm were designed and implemented on board controller using a single chip microprocessor. Intel 8797. And test and performance evaluation is carried out both single test and wystem integration test. We could confirm the basic performance of actuating system through the single test and gereral developing work of any actuating systems was finished with a single performance test of actuating system without system integration test. But, we suggested that system integration test be needed. System integration test is carried out using G/C HILS(Guidance and Control Hardware-In-the -Loop Simulation) which is constituted flight motion simulator, load simulator, real time host computer and the related subsystems such as inertial navigation system, power supply system and Guidance and Control Computer etc.. The most important practical contribution of this paper is that full system characteristics such as minimal control effort, enhancement of guidance and autopilot performance by the actuating system using G/C HILS technique are investigated. Through full running G/C HILS, in spite of the passing to single tests, some control algorithm resulted in failure as to stability of full system and system time frame.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-60
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• 1993

Because of the rapid growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially between Seoul and Inchon, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, in Kyong-in area have suffered from the serious traffic congestion in the public-road and the express-way network, But the further expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher construction cost. Although the traffic congestion on the Kyung-in railway, is not very serious comparing with the road sector, the shortage of capacity on some main lines becomes emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Unlike these two modes, the water transport, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Kyong-in area, has not any constaint in this respect. Han river has been used as a water transport route in Chosun Dynasty which is called Cho-wun. This paper therefore aims to propose the availability of Han river as the alternative water transportation mode, in order to decrease the congestion between Seoul-Inchon by considering the construction of Kyong-in artificial water channel in near future. In this paper, we investigate the availability of Nanji-do as the physical distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital. We also estimate the traffic volume by using the push-barge carrier (300DWT) in the same channel through the simulation under some assumptions such as ship's turnaround time, speed, etc.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 1989

Today, about 99% of total import and export cargo in Korea is being transported through the port. The general trends of cargo handling show increases in capacity and speed, In order to cope with these trends, it is not only required to raise the efficiencies of port operation and function but also necessary to decide the optimal amount of the skilled labor force for cargo handling in the port. Cargo handling in the port is basically relied on the cargo handling facilities. Therefore, it is very important to reserve the amount of labor force for cargo handling system has been developed up to a certain level but the personnel management system which is the superior structure has not been followed well. In this study, therefore, we show a method to determine the required amount of labor force for cargo handling considering the amount of cargo and type of cargo handling work per each cargo, and the optimal amount labor force in cope with the fluctuation of the basic cargo handling labor force with respect to the time of in and out cargo flow in the viewpoint of minimizing the expences due to reservation of extra labor force than needed and firing employment of labor force using the Dynamic Programming. The derived algorithm is introduced into the computer simulation for Pusan port with the analyzed real data such as amount of cargo handling in the port with respect to working hour, cargo capacity, working step, the ratio of cargo handling facility and actual number of workers and we estimated the required labor force. As a result of analysis the labor force of Pusan port showed the over-employment such as maximum 21.4%, minimum 8.2% when we assumed that the averages of actual working hours and days were 8 hours in a day and 20 day in a month.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5B호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2006

준설작업으로 인해 재부유된 퇴적물로 구성된 탁도플륨의 이송확산 거동을 예측하기 위해 이(1998)가 제안한 수치 해석의 혼합방법(hybrid method)을 사용하여 3차원 수치모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형에서는 이송 및 확산식의 수치해석에 있어 이송 과정은 전방입자추적기법(forward particle-tracking method), 확산 과정은 유한차분기법을 사용하여 수치계산에 있어 무작위 행보(random walk) 방법에 비해 계산시간이 크게 단축되었으며, 수치모의 결과의 정확성도 크게 향상되었다. 본 모형을 검증하기 위하여 1, 2차원 해석해와의 비교, 그리고 Kuo 등(1985)의 3차원 수리해석모형의 계산결과와 비교하였다. 본 모형의 검증 결과는 비교적 해석해와 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.170-184
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• 2024

With the advancement of autonomous navigation technology in maritime domain, there is an active research on swarming Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) that can fulfill missions with low cost and high efficiency. In this study, we propose a formation control algorithm that maintains a certain shape when multiple unmanned surface vehicles operate in a swarm. In the case of swarming, individual USVs need to be able to accurately follow the target state and avoid collisions with obstacles or other vessels in the swarm. In order to generate guidance commands for swarm formation control, the potential field method has been a major focus of swarm control research, but the method using the potential field only uses the position information of obstacles or other ships, so it cannot effectively respond to moving targets and obstacles. In situations such as the formation change of a swarm of ships, the formation control is performed in a dense environment, so the position and velocity information of the target and nearby obstacles must be considered to effectively change the formation. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper applies a method that considers relative velocity to the potential field-based guidance law to improve target following and collision avoidance performance. Considering the relative velocity of the moving target, the potential field for nearby obstacles is newly defined by utilizing the concept of Velocity Obstacle (VO), and the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is verified through swarm control simulation, and swarm control experiments using a small scaled unmanned surface vehicle platform.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2008

위치 센서를 기반으로 하는 디지털 지도의 구축과 이로부터의 도로의 추출과 같은 생성물의 정확도는 센서의 위치 정확도에 좌우되며, 센서의 위치결정을 위하여 GPS, 토탈스테이션, 레이저거리계 등 다양한 거리측정시스템들이 사용되어 왔다. 일반적으로 거리측정시스템들은 주위 다양한 환경에 따라 신호단절 및 감퇴의 문제점과 낮은 시간해상도를 가지고 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 관성 장치와 같은 자동 항법 장치를 이용하여 상호 보완 및 통합하여 IMU/Range 통합 시스템을 구성 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 항법 및 측지분야에서 성공적으로 사용되어 왔던 선형필터인 확장 칼만 필터(Extended Kalman Filter, EKF)의 문제점을 지적하고, 비선형 변환과 선택된 시그마 포인트를 이용한 시그마 포인트 칼만 필터(sigma point Kalman filter, SPKF)와 비가우시안 가정과 샘플링 방식의 파티클 필터(Particle filter, PF) 등 두가지 비선형 필터를 구현하고, 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 그 결과를 확장 칼만 필터의 경우와 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션의 거리측정시스템으로 GPS와 토탈스테이션이 사용되었고 IMU의 경우, 정밀도 레벨에 따른 일반적인 3가지 센서(IMU400C, HG1700, LN100)가 선택되었다. 모든 IMU와 거리측정시스템에 대해서 샘플링 기반의 비선형 필터인 SPKF와 PF가 EKF에 비해 통계 결과에서 향상된 위치 결과를 보여 주었으며 특히 거리측정시스템의 갱신간격이 길어질수록(1초$\rightarrow$5초) 비선형 필터의 우수성이 나타났다. 따라서 저가형 위치센서의 경우, 비선형 필터를 적용하여 센서 위치의 정확도를 높일 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

해상교통관리는 통항방식의 설정, 교통량의 총량 규제, 교통류의 정류, 항행속력의 규제, 교통신호에 의한 관제. 항행지원정보의 제공 등 선박교통의 안전을 위해 실시되는 관리적 기술 수단이라고 정의할 수 있다 이러한 해상교통관리 수단 중에서 통항분리제도가 널리 이용되고 있지만, 통항분리를 통한 선박간의 마주침 감소 또는 소멸로 인한 선박조종자의 조선곤란성 완화효과에 대하여 검토한 연구는 거의 없다. 이 연구에서는 중앙선 표시가 없는 왕복수로에서 (1)수로중앙에 부표(buoy)를 설치하는 경우, (2)통항분리대를 설정하는 경우, (3)일방통항수로로 바꾸는 경우 등과 같은 교통관리 방안을 도입하는 경우, 수로를 항행하는 선박조종자에 부가되는 부하의 정도(조선곤란성)를 환경스트레스(Environmental Stress:ES)치라는 지표를 사용하여 그 효과를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 교통량이 동일한 조건에서 수로 중앙에 부표를 설치하면 선박조종자의 부하 값(허용 불가능한 값)이 약 23%. 통항분리대를 설정하면 약 32%, 일방 통항수로로 바꾸면 약 50%가 완화되었다. (2) 수로 폭이 동일한 경우 교통량이 적은 경우보다 교통량이 많은 경우가 부표 설치와 통항분리대 설정에 의한 통항분리 효과가 크게 나타났으며, 대형선일수록 각 교통관리 방안의 도입에 따른 조선곤란성의 완화 효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한 교통량이 동일한 경우 수로 폭이 넓은 경우보다 수로 폭이 좁은 경우에 대형선의 조선곤란성 완화 효과가 크게 나타났다. (3) 통항분리방식의 도입에 따른 효과는 수로 폭이 좁고 교통량이 많은 경우에 가장 크게 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.522-525
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 무선 근거리 고속 통신을 위한 UWB/WAS용 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하였다. 제안된 안테나의 기판은 FR-4(er=4.3)이고 크기는 $30[mm]{\times}30[mm]$이며, UWB/WAS의 주파수대역인 3.5 [GHz]와 5.2 [GHz]의 대역에서 사용할 수 있는 특성을 갖도록 설계하였다. 시뮬레이션은 CST Microwave Studio 2014을 사용하였으며 시뮬레이션 결과 이득은 3.5 [GHz]일 때 1.592 [dBi], 5.2 [GHz]일 때 2.210 [dBi]이다. S-Parameter 또한 원하는 주파수 대역에서 -10 [dB](WSWR 2:1) 이하의 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 마이크로스트립 안테나는 소형화, 고성능, 초경량화 등이 되어 우수하고 저가의 시스템이 계속해서 개발되고 있다. 또한, 가정, 회사, 공공시설 등에서 사용되고 있는 무선 근거리 통신망 시스템을 많은 사람들이 사용하고 있다. 시스템의 발달과 수요 증가에 따른 UWB/WAS 기술이 제안되고 있기 때문에 위의 조건에 만족하는 안테나를 설계하여 해당 시스템에 적용가능한 기술을 더욱 편리하게 사용할 것이다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

The main reason of marine casualties is the human error in respect of ship's operation. The human error of officers in charge of a navigational watch is related to their abilities to handle of navigational equipment. Navigational devices play a key role to help officers decide what to do for safe navigation. Thus, the abilities to handle of navigational equipment mean not only operation of devices but also entire understanding of the system such as interpretation of information obtained from devices, appropriate use of information considering navigational circumstance. Qualification of seafarers is in accordance with STCW and detailed training courses for their qualification are provided by IMO model course series. Recently, ships engaged on international voyages shall be fitted with an ECDIS not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2018. As increasing use of ECDIS on ships, marine casualties related to ECDIS are on the rise. The primary causes of the accidents are lacking understanding of ECDIS system, wrong presentation of information on display, wrong safety setting by seafarers who use ECDIS, using small-scale chart and missing charts update. As a result of these primary causes, some problems like wrong route planning and use of limited or omitted information occur. It could be happening by inappropriate seafarers' training which is not sufficient to support improving abilities of officers to handle navigational equipment. For efficient training, it is need to develop training courses. Applying full mission simulation system to seafarers' training courses with case studies and best practices which are well-constructed scenarios based on true marine casualties can increase the effect of training. To use the simulation system, it is possible that seafarers are trained under condition that closely resemble real situation. It should be considered that IMO model course be revised depending on the level of seafarers also. It could be helpful for increasing seafarers' abilities of equipment operation in place of accumulation of experience spending much time. In the short term, effort of training courses improvement for seafarers is needed and long term, it should be tried to provide stable system and services relate to ECDIS.