• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2004

Purpose: To analyze clinical symptom and clinical course of accessory navicular bone and to evaluation of surgery of accessory navicular bone in sports players Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with accessory navicular bone were identified between January 1 2001 and June 30. 2003 Results: Subjective satisfaction of 23 patients rated very satisfaction (16), satisfaction (6), common (1). Symptomatic pain were thoroughly disappeared at average 2.5 months ($1{\sim}6$ months) after operation. On one year follow-up, most of patients could maintain daily life and could go back to their sports carreer at 3 months. Conclusion: In athlete, excision of accessory navicular and reattachment of posteior tibial tendon to navicular like non-athletes is the best solution to management of symptomatic accessory navicular failed to manage conservatively.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance and usefulness of a bone scan in accessory navicular bone. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with foot pain and accessory navicular bone on radiography, who underwent bone scan from 2012 to 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects was divided into a symptomatic and asymptomatic group according to the presence of navicular bone tenderness. The grade of bone scan uptake was divided into 3 grades. Age, gender, grade of bone scan and size of the accessory navicular bone were analyzed. The symptomatic group were divided into a low (grade 0, 1) and high uptake (grade 2) group to determine the appropriate treatment. The low uptake group was treated conservatively for 3 months. The high uptake group was initially treated conservatively for 3 months and surgery was performed if pain persisted. For the clinical evaluation, the visual analogue scale, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scale were evaluated in the first examination and last follow-up date. The patient's satisfaction grade was also evaluated at the last follow-up. Results: The asymptomatic group mostly showed no uptake in the bone scan. On the other hand, some patients in the asymptomatic group showed an increase in uptake. In these patients, the size of accessory navicular bone was related to the grade of bone scan uptake, showing that the bone scan uptake grade can be predicted when applying different cut off values for the bone size. The symptomatic group mostly showed uptake in the bone scan and the grade of uptake had a positive correlation with the size of the accessory navicular bone (p<0.05). Age and gender were not related to the bone scan uptake. In the clinical evaluation, conservative and surgical treatment showed a good outcome. Conclusion: The bone scan uptake grade alone cannot be used to completely predict the symptoms. On the other hand, the size of the accessory bone can increase the bone scan uptake. Therefore, the size of the accessory bone, and patient symptoms should be considered in patients with a high uptake when deciding treatment.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop new digital navicular drop test (ND-NDT) equipment and to determine its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 24 healthy male and female adults, who fully understood the purpose of the study and gave consent to participate in the study, were selected as participants. The NDT and ND-NDT were conducted in the dominant foot of the participants in a random order. For the NDT, the position of the navicular bone was marked with a pen first; then, the height of the navicular bone from the ground was measured in both sitting and standing positions. For the ND-NDT, after the sticker-type reflection markers were attached to the position of the navicular bone, the height of the navicular bone from the ground was measured in both sitting and standing positions. To assess the validity of the diagnostic tests, the same examiner measured the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) three times in both the sitting and standing positions. To assess the inter-rater reliability of the ND-NDT, three examiners, in a random order, attached the sticker-type reflection markers to the position of the navicular bone and then measured the height of the MLA in both positions. Results: In the sitting position, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the two diagnostic tests was very high (r = 0.97) and statistically significant. In the standing position, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the two tests was 0.95, which was also statistically significant. The ICC_2,1 values in the sitting and standing positions were 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, indicating significantly high inter-rater reliability. Conclusion: The ND-NDT equipment showed very high diagnostic validity, as well as excellent inter-rater reliability, indicating the clinical usefulness of the equipment as a diagnostic system for confirming pes planus.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2002

Delay in diagnosis is possible in bone tumor located in the foot because it is rare. We experienced one case of osteoid osteoma located at the navicular bone of the foot which was slowly progressive and complicated with calcaneocuboidal joint, talonavicular joint arthritis. Osteoid osteoma of the navicular bone in the foot is rare. It bring about unwanted delay in diagnosis, complication. It is necessary to diagnose and treat in early situation to prevent complication and unnecessary operation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2021

An 18-year-old warmblood gelding was presented to Jeju National University Equine Hospital with chronic bilateral forelimb lameness. Navicular syndrome was suspected based on clinical findings, the hoof test, palmar digital nerve block, and radiographic results. Computed tomography (CT) was performed under general anesthesia. Bone cysts, enlarged vascular channels, sclerosis, and enthesophytes were identified in the navicular bone on CT images. Mineralization in the deep digital flexor tendon was also observed. CT can be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying lesions of the navicular bone and adjacent structures in horses. The horse was treated with an intra-bursal injection of triamcinolone and gentamicin. Lameness started to improve two days later and the horse was sound after two months of the injection. CT enabled us not only to diagnosis of navicular syndrome but also to determine the degree and extent of the lesions.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2005

We report a patient who presented with three months of foot pain, lytic navicular bone lesions in the foot, and a painless ipsilateral leg skin ulcer. Bone and skin biopsies revealed organisms compatible with Blastomyces. Systemic blastomycosis is very rare, especially with bone involvement in the foot.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.58-61
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• 1999

저자들은 족부주상골의 단독 골절 탈구가 발생한 1례를 도수정복과 경피적 K-강선 고정의 방법으로 치료하여 AOFAS Midfoot scale상 95점의 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2023

Background: The flexible flatfoot is characterized by a flattening of the foot arch due to excessive bodyweight. The use of shoe insoles or taping methods has been identified as effective in realigning the navicular or calcaneus bones and addressing supination in pronated feet. Objects: This study aimed to analyze the difference between the arch taping attachment method, introduced in a previous study, and a novel taping method designed to provide support to the inner aspect of the heel bone in cases of flexible flatfoot. Methods: A navicular drop test was performed to discriminate flexible flatfoot. To analyze the differences in pressure distribution during walking for each taping method, the subjects underwent testing in the barefoot state with no attachments. The procedure included a sequence of arch taping and heel taping. Subsequent analysis of pressure distribution during walking utilized the GaitRite^® system (GAITRite Gold, CIR Systems Inc.). Results: Arch taping and calcaneus taping significantly reduced the integrated pressure over time and peak pressure on the medial side of the midfoot for both feet compared to the barefoot state. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that supporting the inside of the heel through calcaneus taping, without direct stimulation to the longitudinal arch and navicular bone, is an effective intervention for flexible flatfoot.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the relationships among five clinical measures for functional alignment of the lower extremity. Methods : Thirty healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) were recruited for the study. The five clinical measures of functional alignment of the lower extremity included navicular drop, quadriceps angle, internal rotation of hip, and anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles. The level of navicular drop was calculated by the difference between the height of the navicular bone in the sitting (non-weight bearing) and standing (weight bearing) positions. The quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip were measured using a standard goniometer with photographic markers while the subjects were lying in a prone position on a table with their knee at $90^{\circ}$ flexion. Anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles were determined using a inclinometer. Results : Correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to assess relationships between the clinical measures. There were significant correlations between navicular drop and quadriceps angle (p<.05), between navicular drop and internal rotation of hip (p<.05), and between quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.01). In simple linear regression analysis, the navicular drop appeared to be a factor affecting the quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.05). The findings suggest that navicular drop has a great impact on lower extremity alignment. Conclusion : This study might help us to examine lower extremity function and clarify its role as a potential injury risk factor.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

Purpose: to investigate the etiology and the results of surgical treatment of the symptomatic accessory navicular in adults. Materials and Methods: Between 1996 and 2000, 17 cases in 16 adult patients who were older than 20 years were diagnosed as painful accessory na vicular. 11 patients could recall a twisting injury of the ankle, and 8 of them were inversion sprain. 4 patients had tibialis posterior tendon lesions. 13 feet of 12 patients were treated by resection of accessory navicular, the synchondrosis, the medial portion of the navicular and reattachment of tibialis posterior tendon without transposition. 9 feet in 8 patients were followed for more than one year after surgery. In 4 patients with tibialis posterior tendon lesions, additional procedures were performed according to the state of the lesion. Results: All were type II accessory navicular bone which had synchondroses. There was gross motion of the synchondrosis in 'the operating field in all feet. Of the 9 feet which were followed for more than one year after surgery, results were excellent in five and good in four. Conclusion: The painful accessory navicular in adult might be closely associated with inversion ankle sprain, and also with the tibialis posterior tendon lesions. Satisfactory result could be obtained without transposition of the tibialis posterior tendon to the undersurface of the navicular and immediate postoperative weight bearing does not have harmful effect on the result.