• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.539-545
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• 2013

Although individual-level factors (e.g., attitudes, personality) have long been associated with day-to-day attendance decisions, increasingly researchers have recognized "the social nature of attendance dynamics and their susceptibility to social control (Johns, 2008)." Implications of this social approach for research would be to focus attention on the causes and effects of absence culture (i.e., absence-related perceptions, beliefs, values), and the effects of absence culture on individual and group attendance within social units. Construction projects typically require workers to work in teams or crews on highly interdependent projects, and, thus, are particularly relevant contexts to study absence culture. In this paper we apply a system dynamics (SD) model to study absence culture by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes. We were particularly interested in: (a) the awareness of social norms within construction crews that pertained to attendance, (b) the interplay between formal attendance rules (policy) and these social norms, and (c) how these sources of influence affected the decision-making process of construction crew members. We expect that the results of this work will help construction organizations evaluate (or re-consider) the effects of their attendance control policies (e.g., timing, strength, and frequency) within a social context. Moreover, our findings suggest that the key to reducing excessive absences might be to invest time in influencing absence culture directly rather than imposing frequent and strict regulations - which, in turn, may inadvertently fortify a culture that works against the organization's interests.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.603-609
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• 2018

It has been widely-reported that the quality of life in Korea is lower than that of the economic growth. In particular, construction managers are reported to have a lower quality of life compared to people in other job types due to the specific nature of the tasks they have to carry out. These include early work attendance time and fewer holidays. In this respect, the aim of this study is to analyse construction managers' requirements on work-life balance. The results showed that the working hours of construction managers were long and their leisure hours were shorter. The requirements for work-life balance were in the order of non-working time, working time, salary, and job security. The requirements by group showed a statistically significant difference in work hours. The requirements on the shortening of work hours were highest in the group of "section chiefs and deputy heads" and lowest in the group of "department heads" and up. It is hoped that the results of this study will be used as basic data for future government-level policy making and construction companies' business directions in relation to the improvement of workers' work-life balance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.617-627
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• 2001

This study examined health foods intakes and related variables among the middle aged(150 men and 159 women) in the Jeonbuk region. Health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), vitamin or mineral supplements(VMS), and other manufactured health food supplements(MHFS). The number of people taking health foods were higher for those in their 50's than in their 40's. The consumption rate of TF in men was the highest among health foods, this result had significance. The reasons for taking health foods were recovery from fatigue, supplement of nutrients and making smooth body activity in general, but TF was used to increase of vigor. The consumption rate of health foods was a little different according to social-economic factors, namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher in people in rural than urban areas, those who graduated from middle school than university, blue color & self-employed as opposed to housewives and service workers, low level income than high level income, and Buddhism and no religion than Christian. The consumption rate had a correlation with the habits of smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise ; namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher than VMS and MHFS on smokers and alcohol drinkers. The more the frequency of exercise, the higher the consumption rate of TF, but the duration of the exercise was not correlated. This study suggests that middle aged people need nutritional education for the right recognition and selection of health foods and to consider the nature of each type of health foods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2000

Objectives : This study uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposure and leukemia. Methods : Studies for this meta-analysis were identified from previous reviews and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 27 studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposures and leukemia were reviewed. A variety of meta-analysis statistical methods have been used to assess combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on occupational epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) job classification (20 individual studies); (2) leukemia subtypes (13 individual studies); and (3) country (27 individual studies). Results : Results of this study, an inverse-variance weighted pooling of all the data leads to a small but significant elevation in risk of f 1% (OR=1.11, 95% CI : $1.06\sim1.16$) among 27 occupational epidemiologic studies. Publication bias was assessed by the 'fail-safe n' that may be not influence for all combined results exception a few categories, ie, 'power station operators' and 'electric utility workers' by job classification on occupational study. And ail combined odds ratio results were similar for fixed-effects models and random-effects models, with slightly higher risk estimates for the random-effects model in situations where there was significant heterogeneity, ie, Q-statistic significant (p<.05). Conclusions : We found a small elevation in risk of leukemia, but the ubiquitous nature of exposure to electromagnetic fields from workplace makes even a weak association a public health issue of substantial power to influence the present overall conclusion about relationship between electromagnetic fields exposure and leukemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

Though there might exist not a few differences between cyclic works and atypical works, many researchers have applied the same assessment techniques that used for repetitive works, which may result introduce bias in their conclusions. This research aimed to verify whether there exist non-negligible work characteristics and/or dissimilarity among works with different work nature and whether one of the most prevalent assessment techniques for assessing ergonomic hazards of musculoskeletal disorders, REBA, can be applied to atypical works. For a general hospital, an automobile repair shop, and two auto-part assembly plants which manufactures quite different parts, a questionnaire survey and field investigation and ergonomic assessment were carried out and analyzed statistically with reference to the 3rd Quantification technique. The results showed that there exist remarkable difference between physical factors in cyclic works and atypical non-cyclic works. As for repetitive work, body posture was significant factors affecting on musculoskeletal disorders while atypical works seemed to have none which implied that the necessity of taking psychosocial factors into account for assessment of hazards. Complain rate in repetitive works was highest shoulder, back, and neck or wrist in sequence. However, there existed no consistent trend in complain rate in atypical works. And, though weight of manufacturing objects was a common factor that can partly explain musculoskeletal complain, time duration was significant in atypical work whereas repeatability and body posture were significant in repetitive works. As being the results, to summarize, it could be said that application of conventional ergonomic assessment techniques regardless of repetitiveness would be fruitless, and that the necessity of a unique methodology focused on atypical non-cyclic works should not be neglected.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.110-120
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• 2011

The objective of the thesis is to analyze a view of the world appeared in . The chapter II 'humanism healing to distort the existence' discussed humanism to be contributive to reviving the original form. Haku's love for wandering Chihiro, Chihiro's love for Haku who is physically and mentally distressed, as he changed to the dragon, and Chihiro's love for her mother and father who the Yubaba transformed into pigs show humanism given without qualification. The chapter III 'asceticism oriented coexistence' discussed asceticism contributive to public order. Chihiro's father and mother transformed into pigs, Yubaba exploiting workers, and Gaonasi eating away in sight show harmful consequences of intense desire. On the contrary to this, a naive Chihiro and a simple Jeniva show benefit of asceticism. The chapter IV 'thought of life regretting modern civilization' discussed thought of life reflecting on contradiction of capitalism. The Stink God character asked to thorough reconsider about modern civilization. Haku leaved his home, river, instructs the important of nature and life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.424-432
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• 2018

Job-wage is "a compensation system in which the basic pay is determined by the value of the task regardless of the nature of the person performing the task." The retirement age of workers in 2016 is trying to improve the wage system due to the enactment of the 60-year-old law. The performance salary system introduced in the previous administration try to switch the government of Moon Jae-in. In other words, the introduction of performance salary from the Seniority based Wage and the shift to the job payment system are taking place. This study analyzed case agencies in connection with the transition of job wage to public agencies. In other words, based on the awareness of the employees involved to the contents of the transition of the performance annual salary system to the job wage system analyze empirically. This study finds that there was strong negative perception of the performance-based pay system as a whole and the shift to a job wage system was also highly opposing. It was revealed that efforts to improve the problem are needed to improve performance annual salary system, to reverse the negative perception of job wage, to prepare fair evaluation criteria for performance and job duty and to persuade employees who oppose job change.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.55
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• pp.164-183
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• 2011

Technology innovation of digital convergence in recent years of the media sector has produced a series of significant changes in journalist labor. This study analyzes how recent introduction of convergent newsroom changed the nature of journalist labor and what strategy the management used to control journalists within the technologically innovated working condition with case of CBS. As the labor process theory tells us, the analysis found that technological innovation in the newsroom has encouraged a couple of aspects regarding labor process. First, losing control over their own labor journalists have undergone the process of significant deskilling. Second, the management have made a constant effort to introduce ideological and political apparatuses with twofold purposes, effective control over workers on one hand and concealing oppressive labor conditions on the other. The effort generated journalists' acceptance of new news-making routine and their consent on labor-management culture founded upon naive familism, which at last resulted in reinforcement of corporate power and isolation of labor society by separating internal labor market.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

As Internet and World Wide Web become more popular in our society, the interests in effective application to the field of rural development and agricultural extension service are increasing. The potential in Web-based agricultural extension service is expressed in many areas, such as agriculture information, Web-based training and education, and virtual rural community for rural development and agricultural extension service. The research on the Web and its related issues has been conducted in many ways, but the interests in the competencies and skills of staff who are in charge of Web developing and managing have not been exposed yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the important competencies and skills for Web developing and managing for enhancing the effectiveness of rural development and agricultural extension service. Twelve extension service staff and on staff in the extension service support center were interviewed. The results of study showed that there were eight essential competencies; competencies to understand rural community and agricultural extension service, to understand the farmers as Web users, to design and develop effective Web sites, to understand the nature of hypertext, to utilize instruction theories, to absorb new technology, to manage projects, and to utilize external sources. The results of study also showed that there was lack of support systems for Web development and information. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that establishing long-term education and training system for technology, electronic performance support systems, and cooperation with universities and colleges for technology are of particular importance for promoting Web-based extension services.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.221-243
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of organizational and care worker factors on client violence occurring at nursing homes in Korea, and to provide an empirical basis on which to draw strategies for prevention and reduction of client violence. A survey was conducted on 253 care workers from 23 nursing homes located in 16 regions nationwide, and multiple regression models were analyzed to examine the effect of worker demographic variables, education and experience, work related characteristics, working conditions, and organizational risk management system on client violence. The respondents reported their experience of violence from the most frequent to the least in the order of physical, verbal, others, property damage, and sexual in nature; only half of their employers were implementing an organizational risk management system. In the regression analysis on client violence of all types combined, risk management procedures and supervisor leadership were found statistically signifiant. Based on these results, implications were discussed for agency efforts in improving risk management procedures and leadership training of supervisors.