• Title/Summary/Keyword: Natural turfgrass

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Physiological Activities of wild Conyza canadensis L. Extracts (야생 망초(Conyza canadensis L) 에틸알코올 추출물의 생리활성)

  • Lee, Hee Jea;Song, Hyun Sook;Lee, Geo Lyong
    • Journal of Naturopathy
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2022
  • Background: Studies on the existence and activation of antioxidants in the wild Erigeron canadensis are still incomplete. Purposes: The activity of antioxidant substances was studied by extracting E. canadensis with ethyl alcohol. Methods: After washing the wild turfgrass, extraction with ethyl alcohol was used to investigate the activity of antioxidant substances using various analytical instruments. Results: The highest yield ratio of the extract was 49.3%, and it varied according to temperature and ethyl alcohol ratio. The 50:50 of water to ethyl alcohol at 180℃ was the highest yield. 100% survival rate was in the untreated group and 98-100% in the experimental group at 50 ppm or more of the extract. There was no cytotoxicity at almost all concentrations. The extract of 25 ppm was suppressed by 42% in the test group. The extract of 50 ppm reduced the free fatty acid content by 15%. Cell viability was 20% at the extract concentration of 50 ppm and 24% at 100 ppm. At an extract of 500 ppm, the free oxygen scavenging ability using DPPH and ABTs was 90-98%. When the changes in the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTs were observed in three dimensions, the antioxidant activity tended to increase at 85℃ as the temperature increased. However, at 85~130℃, it showed a rather decreasing tendency as the temperature increased. Conclusions: There were antioxidants in the ethyl alcohol extract of the wild grass, there was almost no cytotoxicity and suppressed NO production, and the scavenging function of free oxygen was also high. These results provide primary data for the various natural healing uses of the extracts of the turfgrass.

Morphological Characteristics of Weed Seed Fibers (잡초 종자섬유의 형태적 특징 비교)

  • Yoon, A Ra;Lee, Min Woo;Kim, Seul Ki;Kim, Jin-Seog
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.196-205
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    • 2014
  • In this study, to obtain basic data for searching potential resources as new natural fibers, we investigated morphological and classificatory characteristics of 21 weed seed fibers. According to classification keys in this study, the collected weed seed fibers could be classified into total 13 types, showing their diversity. Seven species among them belonged to BOT3 type. Two species belonged to B2N0 and DOS3 type, respectively. Many of weed seed fibers had not branched. However, three species had various branched fibers at one main fibers on the seed. Three species had various branched fibers at several main fibers on the seed. Eight species had a smooth fiber surface but 13 species had a weakly or significantly developed-corniculum on the fiber surface. In the fiber cell shape, fiber cells of eight weed species were composed of one long cell without septum. But others had a fiber cell shape composed of a bunch of several long cells. Based on the easiness of harvesting, productivity of fibers, and morphological characteristics of seed fiber, it seemed that five seed fibers (TYPLA, METJA, HEMLY, IMPCK, and EREHI) should be additionally investigated if they are practically applicable as renewable resources for new natural fibers.

Evaluation of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Rumex crispus for phytoremediation of Cu and Cd contaminated soil (돼지풀, 단풍잎돼지풀, 소리쟁이를 이용한 중금속오염토양의 식물복원법(phytoremediation)에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Byeung-Hoa;Shim, Sang-In;Lee, Sang-Gak;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Chung, Ill-Min
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.262-267
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    • 1998
  • We evaluated Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Rumex crispus which were reported to have good phytoremediatibility in different concentrations of Cu and Cd. Different growth responses were found in different heavy metal concentrations. Good growth rate for A. trifida and A. artemisiifolia var. elatior in Cu and Cd treatments and poor growth for R. crispus in Cd treatment were found. Although growth was retared in all tested weeds up to 200ppm for Cu and 50ppm for Cd, the high amount of heavy metal uptake indicated that these weeds could be used as phytoremediation. The choice of proper plant for bioremediation in different sources of heavy metal pollution seems important. In this regard, A. trifida which showed little variation in Cu accumulation in shoot under different Cu concentrations could be used for phytoremediation and phytostabilization.

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Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop (제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術))

  • Kim, Kil-Ung;Park, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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Screening and Utilization of Allelopathic Plants for the Cultural Practice Improvement in Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (인삼재배법(人蔘栽培法) 개선(改善)을 위한 알레로파시 식물(植物) 탐색(探索) 및 이용)

  • Yang, K.J.;Kim, K.H.;Chung, I.M.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.214-224
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to develop labor and chemical cultural practice improvement for weed control in ginseng field. Five crop species were screened in vitro and three crop extracts were sprayed in the test allelopathic effect for weed species. Methyl alcohol extracts of rice, oat, rye and wheat straw showed inhibitory effect on the germination of six weed species, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Arthraxon hispidus, Digitaria adscendens, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria viridis. Especially, extract of oat straw was most effective to inhibit the germination of six weed species tested. Also, spraying the extract solution of rice, rye and wheat straw was effective to inhibit the growth of weeds in ginseng field. Ginseng root length, diameter, fresh and dry weight in extract spraying plot were higher than those of non-treatment plot.

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Study on Transplanting Cultural Methods of Turf Seedling VI. Depression Effect of Biennial Weed Species as Mowing Height (잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud.) 육묘 이식재배법에 관한 연구 VI. 예초고에 따른 월년생 잡초종의 억제효과)

  • Lee, Myung-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.260-266
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to control biennial weed which gives a lot of damage to landscaped and early growth of lawns in early spring. The results obtained from the mowing experiment are as follows. (1) Average of occurrence rate of weed species of the total treatments was 17.9%, (2) Occurrence rate of weed species was as 24.7% at 12.5 mm low mowing section. The rate indicates that the lowest weed depression effect was appeared at the lowest mowing among 4 mowing sections. (3) Occurrence rate of weed species was 10.6% at 22.5 mm mowing section. The highest weed depression effect among the 4 mowing sections was observed at the 22.5 mm mowing section. (4) Occurrence rates of weed species were 18.2% and 18.3% at 32.5 mm and 42.5 mm high mowing section, respectively.

Bioinvasion and Distribution Pattern of Verbesina alternifolia in Korea (외래잡초 나래가막사리(Verbesina alternifolia)의 생물학적 침입 및 분포유형)

  • Kil, Ji-Hyon;Lee, Chang-Woo;Kim, Young-Ha;Kim, Jong-Min;Hwang, Sun-Min
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2011
  • Wingstem, Verbesina alternifolia of North America origin, was introduced in 1981 into the Korea terrestrial ecosystem. It scattered in a number of places with limited population size in most cases. Its population has spread into the forest at the Chiaksan National Park and occupied the natural vegetation. Distributions of wingstem were the most popular along the 12 road sites, especially in Route 453, Seohwa-myeon, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do and in Route 31, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do with 60% coverage of wingstem. It was also distributed in the 5 forest sites and 5 riversides. Despite of its attractive yellow flower, it is recommended to limit cultivation in the nature reserve or other ecosystem of conservation value.

Germination and Seedling Growth in Response to Ionizing Radiation in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.)

  • Lee, Yong Jin;Hong, Min Jeong;Kim, Dae Yeon;Lee, Tong Geon;Kim, Dong Sub;Kim, Jin Baek;Lee, Byung Cheol;Han, Young Hwan;Seo, Yong Weon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2008
  • It was previously pointed out that mutation is the ultimate source of variation. Adequate variation is needed for plant breeding if there is a limitation in natural genetic resources. When the ionizing radiation has been known to cause chromosomal and genomic alternations, it is widely used for inducing mutagenesis. The electron beam as an ionizing radiation is the principal physical mutagens that induces mutation and effectively used in plant breeding. Since dose-response relationships of electron beam in plant species are rarely known, we investigated the seed germination rate and early seedling growth of irradiated seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., cv Penn-A1) with various electron beam irradiating conditions (1, 1.3, 2 MeV at both 0.03 mA and 0.06 mA with dose of 100 Gy (Gray) and 0.03, 1, 1.3, 2 MeV at 0.03 mA with dose of 200 Gy, respectively) using electron accelerator at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The growth parameters in terms of shoot length, primary root length, and secondary root length showed similar response between 0.06 / 1 (mA / MeV) at 100 Gy and 0.03 / 0.3 (mA / MeV) at 200 Gy. Bentgrass seed germination was mainly affected by the intensity of irradiated dose (Gray). Germination rate was lowered as the irradiated dose increased. On the other hand, early seedling growth was mainly governed not by the dose of radiation but by voltage.

Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Four Weed Seed Fibers (Hemistepta lyrata, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Metaplexis japonica and Typha latifolia) (지칭개, 띠, 박주가리, 큰부들 잡초종자섬유의 물리화학적 특성)

  • Yoon, A Ra;Lee, Min Woo;Kim, Seul Ki;Kim, Jin-Seog
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.253-261
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we investigated several chemical and physical characteristics of 4 weed seed fibers; Hemistepta lyrata (HEMLY), Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (IMPCK), Metaplexis japonica (METJA) and Typha latifolia (TYPLA). In chemical composition, there were 74 (TYPLA)-88.5% (METJA) of holocellulose, 17 (IMPCK)-24% (METJA) of lignin, 0.22 (METJA)-4.2% (IMPCK) of ash, 2.2 (HEMLY)-7.8% (IMPCK) of hot water extractives and 0.4 (IMPCK)-6.3% (TYPLA) of solvent extractives. Alpha-cellulose proportion to holocellulose was similar among weed seed fibers as 45-48%. The crystallinity index (CI) of raw seed fibers was 53.2 (TYPLA)-65.9% (HEMLY). However, CI of the chemical treated fibers (EDA fibers) was a little increased and showed 61.1 (IMPCK)-71.8% (METJA). The maximum thermal decomposition temperature (MTDT) of the raw seed fibers were 312, 321.8, 331.5 and $341.6^{\circ}C$ in METJA, TYPLA, HEMLY and IMPCK, respectively. But the MTDT of the EDA fibers were 327, 327, 341.7 and $360.0^{\circ}C$ in HEMLY, TYPLA, METJA and IMPCK, respectively. Taken together, they showed a similar or better characteristics compared to the reported or commercial natural fiber resourses. Accordingly, they seem to be practically applicable as renewable resources for a new natural fibers.

Herbicidal Activity and KAPAS Inhibition of Juglone with Potential as Natural Herbicide (천연 Naphthoquinone계 Juglone의 KAPAS 저해 및 제초활성 특성)

  • Choi, Jung-Sup;Lim, Hee-Kyung;Seo, Bo-Ram;Kim, Jin-Seog;Choi, Chun-Whan;Kim, Young-Sup;Ryu, Shi-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.240-249
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    • 2011
  • The potential of juglone a plant naphthoquinone as a natural herbicide on new target, 7-keto-8-amino pelargonic acid synthetase (KAPAS) in the early step of biotin biosynthesis pathway, was performed in vitro and in vivo. Juglone effectively inhibited KAPAS activities in vitro and the $IC_{50}$ was $9.5{\mu}M$. Foliar application of juglone showed very good herbicidal activity to the eight-tested weed species. Among them, Solanum nigrum was completely controlled at a concentration of $250{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ with main symptoms of desiccation or burndown. Digitaria sanguinalis and Aeschynomene indica were also sensitive to juglone treatment. All eight weed species were controlled by 90~100% at a concentration of $500{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. However, soil application of juglone to Digitaria sanguinalis did not show any herbicidal symptoms. Cellular leakage from cucumber leaf squares treated with juglone increased depending on the concentrations increased from 6.25 to $100{\mu}M$ after 24 hours incubation with or without light. However, chlorophyll loss in cucumber leaf squares was negligible. Biotin supplements significantly rescued the inhibition of germination rate of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds previously inhibited by the juglone. Our results suggest that the juglone is a possible environmental friendly herbicide candidate with a new target KAPAS inhibiting activity.