• 한국균학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2002

느타리버섯 재배에 있어서 주요해충인 버섯파리 Lycoriella mali의 생물학적 방제를 위하여 전국 느타리버섯 재배지와 버섯파리의 병사충에서 버섯파리 유충에 병원성을 갖는 세균 8균주를 분리하였다. 이 중 Bti-D 및 Bti-U 2균주에 의한 사충율이 각각 82.3%와 87.3%로 가장 높았다. 버섯파리 유충의 발육단계에 따른 살충 효과 검정에서는 두 균주 모두 3령 층에서 높은 살충효과를 보였다. 이들 세균으로 감염된 유충에 나타나는 병징으로서 감염초기에는 중장의 앞부분이 연한 갈색을 띄고, 차츰 중장의 뒷부분까지 진행되어 전 부분이 흑갈색으로 변색되면서 치사되었다. 이들 두 균주를 동정하기 위하여 배양적, 생화학적 및 생리적 특성을 조사하고 Bergey's manual과 Biolog system을 동정에 이용하였으며, 주사전자현미경으로 세포형태를, 위상차현미경으로 내생포자와 내독소를 관찰하여 판정한 결과, 두 균주 모두 Bacillus thuringiensis로 동정되었으며, 편모항원성을 조사한 결과, B. l. subsp. israelensis로 동정되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature- humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. $30^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature ($26.31^{\circ}C$) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling's growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

There is renewed interest in natural products as a starting point for discovery of drugs for schistosomiasis. Recent studies have shown that phytol reveals interesting in vivo and in vitro antischistosomal properties against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Here, we report the in vitro antischistosomal activity of phytol against Schistosoma haematobium juvenile and adult worms and alterations on the tegumental surface of the worms by means of scanning electron microscopy. The assay, which was carried out with 6 concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and $150{\mu}g/ml$) of phytol, has shown a promising activity in a dose and time-dependent manner. There was a significant decline in the motility of the worms and a mortality rate of 100% was found at 48 hr after they had been exposed to phytol in the concentration of $150{\mu}g/ml$. Male worms were more susceptible. On the ultrastructural level, phytol also induced tegumental peeling, disintegration of tubercles and spines in addition to morphological disfiguring of the oral and ventral suckers. This report provides the first evidence that phytol is able to kill S. haematobium of different ages, and emphasizes that it is a promising natural product that could be used for development of a new schistosomicidal agent.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

The mortality rate in industrial accidents in South Korea was 11 per 100,000 workers in 2015. It's five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won much more than natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won. It requires fundamental changes according to industrial safety management. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spatial analytics and data mining. We collected 119 data on accident data, factory characteristics data, company information such as sales amount, capital stock, building information, weather information, official land price, etc. Through the pre-processing and data convergence process, the analysis dataset was constructed. Then we conducted geographically weighted regression with spatial factors affecting fire incidents and calculated the risk of fire accidents with analytical model for combining Boosting and CART (Classification and Regression Tree). We drew the main factors that affect the fire accident. The drawn main factors are deterioration of buildings, capital stock, employee number, officially assessed land price and height of building. Finally the predicted accident rates were divided into four class (risk category-alert, hazard, caution, and attention) with Jenks Natural Breaks Classification. It is divided by seeking to minimize each class's average deviation from the class mean, while maximizing each class's deviation from the means of the other groups. As the analysis results were also visualized on maps, the danger zone can be intuitively checked. It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2018

Acinetobacter baumannii는 광범위한 항생제에 대한 저항성으로 인해 감염된 환자의 사망률이 높아지는 적색 경보 병원체로 분류됩니다. 이 연구에서 다제 내성 A. baumannii(MRAB)의 18가지 임상 분리 균주에 대해 일부 에센셜 오일(티트리, 로즈마리, 라벤더 오일)의 항균 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. Carbapenemase 선별을 위한 Hodge 시험법은 A. baumannii의 20 가지 균주가 모두 imipenem에 내성이 있음을 보여주었습니다. 다제 내성 미생물의 확인은 VITEK 시스템을 통해 수행하였다. 에센셜 오일의 항균 활성은 MRAB에 대한 디스크 확산 방법으로 평가하였다. 디스크 확산 방법에서 tee tree는 라벤더 오일에 비해 억제 크기가 가장 크게 증가했으며, 로즈마리는 항균 효과가 없었다. 티 트리 오일은 가장 일반적인 인간 병원균 및 MRAB 감염의 치료 및 예방을 위한 대체 천연 제품으로 유용할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 다제 내성 A. baumannii의 항균 효과를 입증했으며, 미래에 천연 에센셜 오일을 사용하는 손 소독제와 같은 항균제로 사용될 것으로 예상됩니다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2012

본 연구는 야콘의 잎, 줄기, 괴경 추출물 중 어느 부위에서 제초, 살균 및 살충효과가 가장 높은지를 알아보기 위해서 각 부위별로 물, 열수 그리고 메탄올로 추출하였다. 또한 위의 추출방법 중 제초활성능력이 뛰어난 것을 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, BuOH, $H_2O$로 용매분획하여 잠정적 제초 성분에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 전반적으로 오이와 보리의 발아율, 초장 및 근장 억제에 대한 추출방법 중에 메탄올 추출법이 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 식물체 부위별로는 괴경에서 가장 효과적이었다. Ethyl acetate, butanol, chloroform, hexane, water의 용매분획에서 오이와 보리의 발아율, 초장 및 근장 저해는 물층에서 가장 좋았고 그 밖의 분획에서는 차이가 없었다. 5%와 10% 야콘 괴경 추출물에 의해 바랭이와 까마중은 각각 70~80%와 95~100% 방제되었다. 그러나 이들 농도의 야콘 괴경 추출물에 의한 오이와 보리 경엽처리에 의한 저해 효과는 인정할 수 없었다. 5% 야콘 잎 추출물 처리 후 3일째 복숭아혹진딧물의 살충률은 50%이었다. 벼멸구의 경우 5% 줄기와 잎(중륵 포함) 추출물에 의한 살충률은 24%로 낮았고 중륵이 배제된 잎 추출물에서 57% 살충률을 보였다. 그러나 5% 잎 추출물에 대한 탄저병, 시들음병, 청고병, 흰잎마름 병원균에 대한 살균효과는 없었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2000

염분에 대한 날개망둑의 내성범위를 파악하기 위한 일환으로 이들의 생존, 성장 및 대사에 미치는 염분의 영향을 40일간 사육 실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 날개망둑의 생존율은 염분 $10.1{\%_{\circ}}$ 이상에서 $90{\%}$ 이상을 나타냈으나, 염분 $6.7{\%_{\circ}}$ 이하에서는 유의한 감소를 나타냈고, 담수에서는 40일째 $5{\%}$의 생존율을 보였다. 성장은 $20.2{\~}33.6{\%_{\circ}}$의 염분 범위에서 유사한 체장, 체중의 증가 및 일일성장률을 나타냈으나, 염분 $10.1{\%_{\circ}}$ 이하에서 유의한 감소가 관찰되었다. 산소소비는 염분 $20.2{\~}33.6{\%_{\circ}}$에서 유사하게 나타났으나, 염분 $13.4{\%{\circ}}$ 이하에서 염분이 감소함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보여 염분 13.4, 10.1, 6.7 및 $3.4{\%_{\circ}}$에서 각각 15.8, 19.3, 18.6 및 $24.1{\%}$의 유의한 감소를 보였고, 담수에는 $28.2{\%}$의 감소가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 낮은 염분에서 생존, 성장 및 산소소비율이 낮다는 것을 지적하고 있으며, 염분의 농도차이가 연안지역이나 기수지역에서 자연사망율에 잠재적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 암시한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2015

The effects of low salinity (fertilization success and larval survival) on the limpet Cellana grata were studied at early stages of development using the marine bioassay technique. It was shown that, under normal conditions for development from fertilization to the post veliger stage, the salinity must be not less than 20.0~35.0 psu. However, the fertilization rate and larval survival of C. grata was obviously reduced at 5.0 psu and 10.0 psu, respectively. Mass mortality was estimated to occur at <20.0 psu (48-h $EC_{50}=19.54psu$) and the survival rate of normal veliger larvae decreased with experimental time during exposure. No observed effective concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of post veliger were estimated at 30.0 psu and 25.0 psu, respectively, during 48-h exposure. The tolerance limits of the test species to salinity revealed various concentration ranges of salinity, which may reflect the physiology and ecology of the initial development stages of C. grata. These results demonstrate that reduced salinity is detrimental to the reproductive success and larval survival of C. grata, and if salinity is lowered by natural or anthropogenic sources during spawning, this would lead to decreased reproductive success and larval settlement.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

Vermicompost, manure, compost and organic fertilization are ecofriendly. Nowadays, many products resulted from sericulture consumed by humans such as mulberry leaves, fruits, mulberry tea, silk and natural silk cosmetics. Soil applications of three treatments with vermicompost (0.5, 1 and 2 tons per 0.42 hectare) and recommended rate of mineral fertilizers of nitrogen phosphorus potassium were used for investigation. Impact of fertilization on mulberry plant traits of moisture, number of shoots/tree, total shoots length/tree, number of leaves/shoot, number of leaves/ (100g), leaf yield/tree and leaf yield of fadden/season were recorded. In addition the effect of fertilization on larval and cocoon characters of young instar duration, fifth instar duration, total larval duration, larval mortality percentage, weight of third instar larvae, weight of fourth instar larvae, weight of fifth instar larvae, fresh cocoon weight, fresh shell weight, pupae weight, cocoon shell ratio, silk productivity, cocooning percentage, pupation ratio, number of cocoons/ liter, crop cocoons by number, crop cocoons by weight, fecundity and fertility. Using vermicompost treatment was enhancing plant characters. Treatments of V₃, V₂ and V₁ were shortage young, fifth and larvae durations. Mostly feeding silkworm during the whole larval duration on treated mulberry leaves with vermicompost improving the traits average. Using vermicompost for fertilization by rate of V₃ and V₂ is better than others for cocoon characters for females and males.V₃ and V₂ of vermicompost per 0.42 hectare is recommended for rearing mulberry silkworm instead of mineral fertilization.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 1987

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, previously called lactose-positive(L+) Vibrio and Beneckea vulnifica, causes acute, fulminating wound infections and septicemia in humans. Septicemia is very serious infection with a fatality rate of about 50%. Most patients with primary septicemia due to V. vulnificus have preexisting liver disease. V. vulnificus also cause severe wound infections usually after trauma and exposure to marine animals or the marine environment. The mortality rate is not nearly as high as in primary septicemia caused by this organism. In most cases human disease results from ingestion of contaminated seafood or from infection of a wound, frequently of seawater or crab origin. The author made an attempt to isolation of the V vulnificus from seawater, seamud, fish, shellfish, and algae on the southern sea of Korea from January to September in 1987, using for the purpose of vaccine preparation. The author investigated for bacteriological identification, hemolysis and determination of serotypes of isolated V. vulnificus strains. Eighty-five strains(5.9%) out of 1450 specimens collected of V. vulnificus were isolated. The distribution of the 85 isolates were as follows: 21 strains from seawater, 11 strains from seamud, 28 strains from fish, 19 strains from shellfish, and 6 strains from algae, respectively. All 85 isolates were positive reaction on human blood agar. The distribution of serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates were O1 to O8: 13 strains of O1, 6 strains of O2, 11 strains of O3, 9 strains of O4, 10 strains of O5, 7 strains of O6, 15 strains of O7, and 10 strains of O8, respectively. Eighty-one strains showed agglutination with O antisera, but 4 strains failed to show agglutination. In this study, the author suspected that serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates distributed also in the seaside of Korea as well as in most seaside of the world, and new serotypes were in existence in the seaside of Korea except reported up to now.