• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2024

In this paper, the structural performance of Suwon Hwaryeongjeon Unhangak, a representative traditional timber structure in the late Joseon Dynasty, was evaluated. Based on the structure composition of Unhangak, an analysis model was elaborately constructed with Midas Gen, a 3-dimensional structural analysis software. The safety and serviceability of major structural members were evaluated by static analysis, and the dynamic behavior characteristics were evaluated by eigenvalue analysis. Most of the members satisfied the safety and serviceability standards with a margin; however, the bending stress ratio in the oemogdori exceeds the standard by 20.7%, so it is considered that long-term monitoring is needed for this member. The natural period of Unhangak is 1.079 seconds, which is slightly longer than traditional timber buildings of similar scale. In particular, it is analyzed that torsional movement occurred in the secondary mode due to the influence of the rear masonry firewall.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.5-35
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• 2007

When it comes to art, the two conflicting themes of 'scientific progress' and the 'nature' have often motivated the advent of the new mode of arts. By the late 20th century, uniform and simplified mode of arts, inspired by scientific and technological progress of that time, was gradually disillusioned by the contemporaries due to the adverse effect of science on human life. In this context, naturalism pursuing for harmony of human and the nature came up as an alternative to those living in the 21st century. The pendulum has swung from minimalism to naturalism. Though the quantitative improvement of human life cannot be denied, the uprise of such problems as environmental pollution and exhaustion of natural resources degraded the quality of human life, which, eventually, shifted the attention to the theme - 'revival of naturality.' Therefore, this thesis intends to represent the modem interpretation of the 'revival of naturality' by applying the major expressions of Art Nouveau that also emphasized naturalism. Art Nouveau found its motifs from organic figures of natural beings and put them to designs of decorative arts. This carries a historical significance in that Art Nouveau boldly revolutionized historicism, which only repeated adoption and modification of the existing modes of arts, and opened it to the modem design with new attempts to practical applications of the arts. Art Nouveau, which means 'new art', prospered from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and even after one century, it is highly appreciated, reviving as novel and vivid forms in this contemporary art. Art Nouveau based on naturalism has revisited our contemporary period when naturalism and feminized romanticism came into fashion and its common motifs revive in different jenre of arts such as fashion, furniture, glass works, and jewelry works. This study illustrates and analyzes the works of four major artists who gave a specific attention to botanical motifs of Art Nouveau and applies decorative beauty of highly sophisticated and organic curved lines and the expressional forms of botanical figures to design. Art Nouveau proved this; the nature herself is as beautiful as she can be. Within Art Nouveau, the true humanism can be revitalized with the 'revival of naturality'. This study rediscovered the boundless potential of modern interpretation and application of Art Nouveau in decorative art and design.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2006

Objective: We previously described that Diva is highly expressed in matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in mouse. We report here that the expression of Diva transcript as well as protein is oocyte-specific. To elucidate its physiological role in oocyte, the binding partner(s) of Diva has been identified by using immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by Mass Spectrometry. Methods: NIH/3T3 cells were transiently transfected for 24 h with either empty vector for control or FLAG-tagged mouse Diva construct, and IP was performed with anti-FLAG antibody. The immuno-isolated complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE on a 12% gel followed by Coomassie Blue staining. For in-gel digestion, 15 bands of interest were excised manually and digested with trypsin. All mass spectra were acquired at a positive reflector mode by a 4700 Proteomics Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA). Proteins were identified by searching the NCBI nonredundant database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software (Matrixscience, London). Results: Diva-associated complexes were formed in FLAG-tagged mouse Diva-overexpressed NIH/3T3 cells via IP using anti-FLAG-conjugated beads. Among the excised 15 bands, actin and actin-binding proteins such as tropomyosin, tropomodulin 3, and ${\alpha}$-actinin were identified. Binding between Diva and actin or tropomyosin was confirmed by IP followed by Western blot analysis. Both bindings were also detected endogenously in mouse ovaries, indicating that Diva works with actin and tropomyosin. Conclusions: This is the first report that immuno-isolated Diva-associated complexes are related to actin filament of the cytoskeletal system. When we consider the association of Diva with actin and tropomyosin, oocyte-specific Diva may play a role in modulating the cytoskeletal system during oocyte maturation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.552-558
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• 2012

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a severe respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV. The 3CL protease is a key enzyme in the proteolytic processing of replicase polyprotein precursors, pp1a and pp1ab, which mediate all the functions required for viral genomic replication and transcription. Therefore, this enzyme is a target for the development of chemotherapeutic agents against SARS. A large quantity of active SARS-3CL protease is required for development of anti-SARS agents. Here we have constructed overexpression vector for the production of the SARS-3CL protease. The gene encoding SARS-3CL protease was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pET29a expression vector, resulting in pET29a/SARS-3CLP. Recombinant SARS-3CL protease was successfully synthesized by the dialysis mode of the cell-free protein expression system, and purified by three-step fast protein liquid chromatography using HighQ and MonoP column chromatographies and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. In addition, the produced SARS-3CL protease was found to be an active mature form. This study provides efficient methods not only for the development of anti-SARS materials from natural sources, but also for the study of basic properties of the SARS-3CL protease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.218-226
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• 2020

An experimental study was conducted on baseline model updating and damage estimation techniques for the health monitoring of offshore wind turbine tripod substructures. First, a procedure for substructure health monitoring was proposed. An initial baseline model for a scaled model of a tripod substructure was established. A baseline model was updated based on the natural frequencies and the mode shapes measured in the healthy state. A training pattern was then generated using the updated baseline model, and the damage was estimated by inputting the modal parameters measured in the damaged state into the trained neural network. The baseline model could be updated reasonably using the effective fixity model. The damage tests were performed, and the damage locations could be estimated reasonably. In addition, the estimated damage severity also increased as the actual damage severity increased. On the other hand, when the damage severity was relatively small, the corresponding damage location was detected, but it was more difficult to identify than the other cases. Further studies on small damage estimation and stiffness reduction quantification will be needed before the presented method can be used effectively for the health monitoring of tripod substructures.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2017

The main purpose of this research is for the investigation on the impact of engine oil aging on PM and DPF. It is widely known that lubricant specifications and consumption from an ICE have significantly influenced on the regulated and unregulated harmful emissions as the engine operating conditions. Considering DPF clogging phenomena with lubricant-derived soot/ash components, simulated aging mode for the DPF was newly designed for engine dynamometer testing. PM/ash accumulation cycle were developed in reflecting real-world engine operating conditions for the increment of engine oil consumption and natural DPF regeneration for the ash accumulation. The test duration for DPF aging reached around 100hrs with high- and low-SAPS engine oils, respectively. Using high SAPs engine oil made more PM/ash accumulation compared with low SAPs engine oils and it could accelerate fouling of EGR in engine. Fouling of EGR made effects on more harmful exhaust gases emissions. The test results on engine lubricant under engines operating conditions will deliver for the establishment of regulated and unregulated toxic emissions policy, lubricant quality standard.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

Regeneration process of a mongolian oak forest in Bukam-Ryeong area, Mt. Jumbong, Kangwon-Do, was studied in relation to its structure. The dominant trees of the stands came up beyond 10m in height. The upper-tree layer was highly dominated by oaks, and they distributed horizontally in random. Oak trees of the middle layer and the lower layer were few in number and small in basal area, and tended to be distributed contagiously. In the trees of the upper layer, the distribution of the age tended to be two modal type which has the mode of 70 and 230 years in plot. In the horizontal distribution of these trees, some of the even-aged cluster which were constituted of several trees, were found. The rate of the stern diameter increment during first 25 years of the oaks in upper layer were higher than those of the same species in the middle layer. These results showed that after the forest canopy had been broken out, the seedlings which were established in dense there grow with the decreasing density and some of these, of which distribution became in random, would constitute the canopy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.17-44
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• 1997

Medieval European practical art and style of costume is studied through referring to the literatures. The type of clothing that was seen on tapestries arts and crafts paintings and wall paintings and appeared in the architecture such as church. There were symbolic aspects of color motifs at this period and some restraints for clothing according to the social class, It was a period that draped garments due to the War of Crusades is appeared. Be-cause the medieval taste and decorative character is not only 'formative art' but also the taste beyoud 'mode' and atomsphere of that times it could be seen the strong reflec-tion of customs in the clothing of that times which is shown in works of art. 1) The purpose of Christian art which was found in mosaics stained glasses wall pain-tings and statues of architecture was not just the revival of natural phenomena but visuali-zation of sacred and invisible things. It was valuable to understandin of the spiritual through the sense organ It was a monumental art that was combined with decorative func-tion and role of the Bible. It revealed what was about the religious spiritual miracle, 2) In the medieval European painting characteristic and beautiful creativity was the basis of an argument. Both "Worship of East-ern" that is painted ion a parchment and "Cor-onation of Charles VI" were described decor-ation motifs on the edge of buildings geo-metric patterns and others with outstanding skill. there were precise technologic skill of architect and glassmen and lots of patience of craftsmen. " The Labour of the Months" and the scene of"A Trial at the Court" is also de-scribed elaborately. 3) Tapestry was developed in France Ger-many Swiss at the 14th century. Religionary and historical themes unicorn lady bird flowering plants and others were major motifs. It was very important as decorative wall coverings and as practical door arch and bed hangings. It was made through patient hard work with simple technique and it was con-sidered as an art for practical use. Tapestry was what everyone wish to have. It is reckoned for the item of the best gift. The royalty and nobility ordered and used custom-made tapestries. Sometimes the subject of motifs consisted of series which were deeply related to living 4) Decorative arts and crafts was the art that used materials such as precious metals jewels and others and that accorded with the luxurious and gorgeous taste of the royalty and nobility. Christian considered splendid and beautiful color of light as a symbol of glory. They used also for church appliances, There were metal crafts wood crafts textile crafts and others, As was stated above the costume appeared on the arts and crafts for living revealed the process of changes saw how the politic econ-omic and social organizations were developed.and social organizations were developed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - As economic activities between different countries have rapidly spread in a world of free trade, it is inevitable that a large volume of cargo will be carried between countries. It is natural, then, that CO2 emissions and other environmental pollutions have followed, which exposes people and society to serious environmental problems and social costs, and so on. Therefore, the need to understand logistics is not only a matter of transportation but also an environmentally oriented matter. The purpose of this study is to look at some lessons and implications from the European case in terms of green logistics matters. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to look into this matter, first, it has to be established that some cargo transport volumes using different transportation modes have clearly declined because of previous economic recessions. Some transport policies produced by the European Union (EU) are based in a long history of struggling to cope with transport matters in European countries. In its recent transport policies, the EU has provided greener transportation alternatives, realizing that pollution matters affect the European transport market. This study tries to determine what policies the EU has implemented to deal with green logistics matters. This study concentrates in particular on the Marco Polo program in the EU. Results - This study found that the EU seems to consider these kinds of matters, that is, transport and the environment in the context of green logistics. The EU launched some policy instruments to solve this matter relatively earlier than other countries and reviewed them as necessary. In order to make these policy tools work, the EU provided PACT for combined transport, and then the Marco Polo I and II European transport white paper packages. These European policies deal with green logistics matters in two ways. First, some restrictions have been imposed, especially taxation, and so on. Transport subsidies are also powerful means of handling green logistics matters in Europe. Along with these two means of dealing with transport and the environment, the EU eventually targeted integration of different transport modes. Instead of employing only a single transport instrument mode to deliver the cargo to be carried, such as trucking, rail, ocean-going carrier, flight, or inland waterway transport, the EU has proposed that combining transport modes is the best alternative for transport and the environment. That is, the EU is pursuing the adoption of multimodalism as an answer to the green logistics challenge as it provides a more cost efficient and more productive means of transport. Conclusions - In conclusion, multimodal transport should be considered when applying green logistics, as it can provide an alternative way to achieve transport and environmental solutions together at the present time. Two methods can be used to encourage multimodal transport: restrictions and subsidies. These are the lessons and implications from European green logistics policies.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.429-436
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• 2014

This paper presents the seismic performance of a geometrically unsymmetrical reinforced concrete building considering torsional effect and material nonlinearity of concrete and steel. The reinforced concrete building is a structure for seismic performance evaluation in the SMART-2013 international benchmark program. Nonlinear constitutive models for concrete and steel were constructed, and their numerical performance was demonstrated by various local tests. Modal analysis showed that the first three natural frequencies and mode shapes were close to the experimental results from the SMART-2013 program. In the time history analysis for low-intensity seismic loadings, displacement and acceleration responses at sampling points were similar to the experimental results. In the end, nonlinear time history analysis was conducted for Northridge earthquake to predict the behavior of the reinforced concrete structure under high-intensity seismic loadings.