• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.104-104
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• 1995

Morphine produces wide-spread immunesuppression, such as lymphokine production, phagocytic activity, natural killer cell activity, cell proliferation, and cell-mediated immunity. On the other hand, one of the representative pharmacological act ions of Panax ginseng is immune enhancement. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng total sponin (GTS), and Adaptagen (trade name of ginseng product) on morphine-induced immunesuppression. Morphine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, sc), GTS (400 mg/kg, oral), Adaptagen (400 mg/kg, oral ) were administered to mice for 14 consecutive days.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2000

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin purified from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla, Betulaceae. The effects of pedunculagin on the immune system have been characterized to induce enhancement of NK (natural killer) cell cytotoxicities against tumor cells. The present study investigated whether pedunculagin can enhance macrophage cytotoxicity against P8l5 tumor cells. Macrophage cultured with pedunculagin enhanced cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner In addition, the same treatments increased NO production, which plays important roles in the immune system. liken together these results demonstrate that pedunculagin significantly enhances cytolytic activities of macrophage.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1989

The cellular and nonspecific immune response of EPA were investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperiteneal injection of EPA (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2days prior to secondary immunization. Immune responses were evaluated by hypersensitivity to SRBC(DTH), rosette forming cell(RFC), natural killer(NK) cell activity and macrophage activity. The obtanined results were as follows: As compared to normal group, 1) DTH was increased by EPA 5 mg, 10 mg administration groups. 2) RFC was significantly increased by EPA 20 mg administration group. 3) NK-Cell activity was significantly increased by EPA 10 mg administration group. 4) Macrophase activity was enhanced by EPA 5 mg administration group.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2008

To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment on regions remote from the application, we measured cellular, enzymatic, and transcriptional activities in various internal tissues of healthy rats. The EA was applied to the well-identified acupoint ST36 of the leg. After application, we measured the activity of natural killer cells in the spleen, gene expression in the hypothalamus, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the hypothalamus, liver and red blood cells. The EA treatment increased natural killer cell activity in the spleen by approximately 44%. It also induced genes related to pain, including 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3a (Htr3a) and Endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) in the hypothalamus, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the hypothalamus, liver, and red blood cells. These findings indicate that EA mediates its effects through changes in cellular activity, gene expression, and enzymatic activity in multiple remote tissues. The sum of these alterations may explain the beneficial effects of EA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2002

Some studies report that electroacupuncture(EA) boost natural killer cell(NK cell) activity. And also it is well known that hypothalamus is deeply related to effects of EA on analgesia. Some reports said that especially lateral hypothalamic area(LHA) is related to splenic NK cell activity. In order to investigate the relation between hypothalamus and effects of EA at ST36 point on NK cell activity of Spraque-Dawley rats. Lesions were made bilaterally at lateral hypothalamic area(LHA). And NK cytotoxities of normal and lesioned rats were measured with 51Cr release immunoassay after EA stimulation for 2 and 14 days. NK cell activity of EA group was significantly higher than sham group at 2nd, 14th day in normal rats. And LHA lesions abolished effects of EA on NK cell activity at 2nd day. But LHA lesions did not affect the effects of EA at 14th days. We also had an evidence that the decrease of NK cell activity was almost recoverd at 14th day. These results strongly suggest that LHA is deeply related to increase of NK cell activity induced by EA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

To determine the effect of immunopotentiating activity of cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, the immune function was analyzed in vitro using mice cells. When stimulated with mitogens, productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were enhanced in spleen cells treated with cellular components, with IL-4 production being the highest in spleen cells treated with cytoplasm fraction. Without mitogen stimulation, the productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were the highest in spleen cells treated with heat-killed whole cell. $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 productions were also high in spleen cells treated with all cellular components. Only heat-killed whole cell showed significant enhancement in natural killer cell activity. In peritoneal exudates cells, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was enhanced significantly by all cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis These results indicate that the cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis are capable of stimulating immune cells to produce cytokines, and that both their cell walls and cytoplasm fraction contribute to these capacities.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

When 10 kinds of herbal medicines were fractionated into hexane, MeOH, cold-water, and hot-water extracts, hot-water extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Cichorium intybus (CI), and Polygonatum odoratum (PO) showed the potent intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.72-, 1.62-, 1.60-, and 1.53-fold of control at $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). Especially, hot-water extracts from AS (215% compared with the control) and GU (187%) also had macrophages stimulating activity and mitogenic activity of splenocytes (7.1- and 6.5-fold) at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effects of hot-water extracts from herbal medicines on anticancer activities were studied in mice. Hot-water extracts from AS and GU enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against cancer cell, Yac-1 (37 and 34% cytotoxicity) at E/T ratio 100:1, and colon 26-M3.1 cancer cell lines had significantly inhibited (82.1 and 75.2%) in experimental lung metastasis. These results suggest that hot-water extracts from A. senticosus and G. uralensis can be used as biological response modifiers to stimulate immune system and inhibit tumor.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.221-246
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• 1998

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Chungsimbohyeltang through investigation about viability of tumor cell by MTT assay, survival period of mice transplanted with L-1210 cells, growth inhibition on the tumor cell, body weight variation in mice transplanted with sarcoma-180 cells and its immunomodulatory effects through the investigation on delayed type hyper-sensitivity, the hemagglutinin and hemolysin titers for humoral immune response, the appearance of rosette forming cells for cell-mediated immune response, the natural killer cell activity, the transformation of lymphocyte, the productivity of Interleukin-2 and phagocytic index K was performed in immune-depressed ICR mice induced by methotrexate treatments. The results were as follows ; 1. $IC_{50}$ of Chungsimbohyeltang treated group was 5.85mg/ml in SNU-C4 cell, 1.38mg/ml in SNU-396 cell, 0.21mg/ml in SNU-1 cell, so it had low anti-tumor activity. 2. The both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 10mg/kg and Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg had no toxicity and the group of Chungsimbohyeltang 20mg/kg which was shown 120% in ILS had the effect of life prolongation in mice transplanted with L-1210 cells. 3. In the growth inhibition on the tumor cells, only the group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg was noted and in the weight variation in mice transplanted with sarcoma-180 cells, both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract had a significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity and appearance of rosette forming cells, both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract didn't have any significant effect. 5. The hemagglutinin titers was slightly increased with no significance, and the hemolysin titers was significantly increased in the only group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg. 6. The natural killer cell activity of the Chungsimbohyeltang extract groups was significantly increased in the ratio of 100:1 of effector and target cells, but it was not significantly increased in the ratio of 50:1, 10:1. 7. The transformation of lymphocyte and the productivity of Interleukin-2 were increased significantly and in dose-dependent manner in both group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract. 8. The phagocytic effect of macropage was significantly increased in both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract. Considering the results above, we could conclude that Chungsimbohyeltang have an indirect anti-tumor effect through the modulation of immunme response, although it had not toxicity on the tumor cell it self.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2000

It has been very difficult to develop and evaluate efficient fish vaccines because fish immune cells have not been properly characterized. In this study, we investigated the cell-mediated immunological properties of B- and T-like cells in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Surface immunoglobulin negative ($slg^{-}$) cell population proliferated in response to mammalian T-cell mitogens PHA and Con A, while surface immunoglobulin positive ($slg^{+}$) cells responded to the B-cell mitogen LPS. The slg$^{[-10]}$ cells from hemocyanin (HC)-immunized Tilapia, compared to the non-immunized control, reacted more to PHA than to Con A. Unexpectedly, antigen (Ag)-specific response was observed in both $slg^{-}$ and $slg^{-}$cells. Regardless of HC immunization, whole leukocytes from 8 head kidney of fish showed natural killer (NK)cell activity. Especially, NK cell activity was much higher in slg$^{[-10]}$ cells than in slg$^{+}$cells, indicating the possibility that fish NK cells were not at least associated with slg$^{+}$ cell population and not activated by Ag. Further understanding of functional fish immune cells will help to evaluate and develop effective vaccines for fishes and to monitor the course of therapy In infected fishes.hes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 1999

Alginates are polysaccharides with gel-forming properties composed of 1,4-linked $\beta$-D-mannuronic acid (M), $\alpha$-L-guluronic acid (G), and alternating (MG) blocks. The M-and the MG-blocks, but not the G-blocks, have been known to be the active components of the alginates in experimental models. In this study, we have examined the ability of high M-alginate to activate immune cells. Alginate induced the macrophage anti-viral activity and the lymphocyte blastogenesis, and enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cell. In addition, alginates stimulated the macrophages to induce the production of $H_{2}O_{2}$, whereas alginates had no effect on NO production and suppressed the production of TNF-$\alpha$. These findings suggest that high M-alginate may be modulating various elements of the host immune response.